| Ολυμπιακό Στάδιο της Αθήνας | |
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| Full name | Central Olympic Stadium of O.A.C.A. "Spyros Louis" |
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| Former names | Spyros Louis Stadium |
| Location | Marousi,Athens, Greece |
| Coordinates | 38°2′9.845″N23°47′15.36″E / 38.03606806°N 23.7876000°E /38.03606806; 23.7876000 |
| Public transit |   Eirini |
| Owner | Government of Greece |
| Operator | OAKA S.A. |
| Executive suites | 17 |
| Capacity |
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| Field size | 105 x 68 m[1] |
| Surface | Grass, track |
| Construction | |
| Broke ground | 1979[1] |
| Opened | 8 September 1982[1] |
| Renovated | 2002–2004[1] |
| Construction cost | €265 million (2004)(€405 million in 2023 euros) |
| Architect |
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| Tenants | |
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| Website | |
| oaka | |
TheOlympic Stadium of Athens "Spyros Louis" (Greek:Ολυμπιακό Στάδιο Αθηνών "Σπύρος Λούης",Olympiakó Stádio Athinón "Spýros Loúis") is a sportsstadium inMarousi, in the north section ofAthens,Greece. With a total capacity of 75,000, it is the largest sports venue in Greece. It is a part of theAthens Olympic Sports Complex (OAKA) and is named after the first modern Olympicmarathon gold medalist in1896,Spyros Louis. The stadium served as the main stadium during the2004 Summer Olympics and the2004 Summer Paralympics, including the opening and closing ceremonies.It is the current home ground ofPanathinaikos F.C.
Built in 1982 for the1982 European Athletics Championships and theHellenic Football Federation's host bid for the1990 FIFA World Cup, it became thenational stadium of Greece. In its original iteration, it served as the home ground for football clubsPanathinaikos from 1984 to 2000,Olympiacos from 1984 to 1989 and again from 1997 to 2002, andAEK Athens from 1985 to 1987.[2] Additionally, it became the main venue forathletics, as Greek track rose on the international stage, while it also hosted theGreek national football team. It served as the venue for the1991 Mediterranean Games and the1997 World Athletics Championships.
As part of the greater construction of the Olympic Sports Complex, the stadium was substantially renovated from 2002 to 2004, to some controversy, highlighted by its trademark roof, designed bySantiago Calatrava. The hosting of the 2004 Olympics and Paralympics became a huge success and was highly lucrative for Greece. After the Games, it hosted Panathinaikos on several occasions from 2005 to 2023 and AEK Athens from 2004 to 2022, while serving as the country's primary sports venue. By the early 2020s, it had become increasingly dilapidated and it was closed on safety grounds in October 2023. Following modifications on the roof, it reopened in May 2024.
The Olympic Stadium has hosted threeEuropean Cup/Champions League finals, in1983,1994 and2007, the1987 European Cup Winners' Cup Final and themen's final in the Summer Olympics.
Located in the suburb ofMarousi inAthens, the Olympic Stadium was originally designed in 1980 and built in 1980–1982. At over 75,000 capacity, it became thebiggest football and track stadium in Greece, well surpassingThessaloniki'sKaftanzoglio Stadium, which stood at just below 45,000 capacity at the time, following the nationwide renovations after theKaraiskakis Stadium disaster.
It was completed in time to host the1982 European Championships in Athletics. It was inaugurated by thePresident of Greece at the time,Konstantinos Karamanlis, on 8 September 1982. Considered an illustrious architectural achievement, it was dubbed by European media as "The modernGreek Wonder". One year later, in 1983, OAKA Stadium hosted the1983 European Cup final betweenHamburger SV andJuventus. In 1984,Panathinaikos took over the Olympic Stadium as their home ground after theLeoforos Alexandras Stadium, fell into disrepair. At the same yearOlympiacos also decided to play their home games in the Olympic Stadium instead of theKaraiskakis Stadium, which they shared withcity rivals until 1989. The club had successfully experimented with the stadium's usage in its1982–83 and1983–84 European campaigns, which included a 2–0 win against Dutch giantsAFC Ajax in September 1983, and a 0–4 loss to eventual winners Hamburger in November 1982, which recorded the ground's highest official figures to date, at 75,223 spectators, although unofficial estimates for many events range higher.
In 1985 AEK Athens also moved to the Olympic Stadium until 1987, due to construction works atAEK Stadium. During the club's brief stay at the stadium's initial configuration, an official attendance record of 74,465 was set in a home leaguematch versus Olympiacos in February 1986, which is an all-time record for a Greek football match.
In the 1980s, the three largest Greek football clubs temporarily played in the same stadium, so that during the1985–86 season the most tickets were sold in one season in Greece, with 1,784,844 tickets sold in 45 games.[3]
Olympiacos returned to theKaraiskakis Stadium in 1989, but as their contract for the stadium rent expired in 1997, the team returned to the Olympic Stadium, which ushered an era of unprecedented success, as the team would win five consecutive league titles and reach the quarter-finals of theUEFA Champions League in the1998–99 season, establishing a long period of dominance in Greek football, characterised by famous club players such asChristian Karembeu andGiovanni, before departing in 2002 to make way for the Olympic renovations. As the plans for a total renovation of the aging Karaiskakis Stadium commenced, the team played in theGeorgios Kamaras Stadium, commonly known as Rizoupoli, from 2002 to 2004, before settling in the rebuilt Karaiskakis, where the club has been situated since.
In 1987, the stadium hosted the1986–87 European Cup Winners' Cup final betweenAjax andLokomotiv Leipzig. Olympic Stadium is an UEFA category four stadium and is the largest stadium in Greece. In 1994, the stadium hosted their secondEuropean Cup Final, this time contested betweenMilan andBarcelona. It also hosted several events of the1991 Mediterranean Games and the1997 World Championships in Athletics, sought in order to prove that it was capable of hosting major sporting events after the failure of Athens to win the1996 Summer Olympics, but successfully hosting the2004 Summer Olympics. As a result, the construction works for the stadium which begun in 2002 resulted in Panathinaikos and Olympiacos, who had returned to the Olympic Stadium in 1997, to return to their original homegrounds by the same year. In addition, every final of theGreek Football Cup between 1983 and 2002 took place in the arena intermittently, while it also hosted the only final of theGreek League Cup in 1990.[4]
It was extensively renovated in time for the2004 Summer Olympics and the2004 Summer Paralympics, including a roof designed bySantiago Calatrava, and innovatively positioned withEnerpac hydraulics.[5] The roof was added atop the sidelines and completed just in time for the opening of the Games. The stadium was then officially re-opened on 30 July 2004. It hosted theathletics events and thefootball finals at the Olympics and theathletics at the Paralympics.[6] It also hosted theopening ceremony on 13 August 2004, and theclosing ceremony on 29 August 2004 along the Paralympics ceremonies on 17 and 28 September.
After the Olympic Games, AEK Athens and Panathinaikos, whose stadiums had become dilapidated and no longer met safety regulations, moved again to the Olympic Stadium. AEK's move back to the stadium after 17 years came as theNikos Goumas Stadium, the club's traditional home ground since 1930, was demolished in 2003. After spending the first half of the2003–04 season at theNea Smyrni Stadium and then primarily at theGiannis Pathiakakis Stadium, due to fan incidents,[7] the club completed its move at the end of the Olympic Games as a temporary stay,[8] which became permanent as AEK's plans for anew stadium were put on halt in the 2000s, due to the club's financial condition.[9]
In 2007, OAKA Stadium hosted the2007 UEFA Champions League final between Milan andLiverpool. The stadium's attendance was reduced to 72,000 for the Olympics, the initial capacity was some 75,000, though only 69,618 seats were made publicly available for the track and field events and slightly more for the football final. The turf system consists of natural grass in modular containers which incorporate irrigation and drainage systems. Greece applied together with Turkey to host the 2008 and 2012 European Football Championships, with the finals supposed to have taken place in the Athens Olympic Stadium. However, the applications failed: in 2008 the competition went to Austria and Switzerland and for 2012 UEFA decided in favor of Poland and Ukraine.[10]
On 18 March 2012, wild incidents occurred in thederby between Panathinaikos and Olympiacos, as after the goal from the red and whites at the eleventh minute, hooligans from the home team threw Molotov cocktails at the stands, which were filled with around 50,000 spectators, and the pitch. The game had to be abandoned and was awarded 3–0 to Olympiacos and Panathinaikos were deducted five points. There were 30 fires in the arena and 57 arrests.[11] On 14 April 2013, several AEK Athens ultras stormed the pitch during the game againstPanthrakikos, who had taken the lead in the 87th minute. The game was subsequently cancelled and awarded 0–3 for Panthrakikos, as AEK Athens were eventually relegated for the first time in their history after being deducted an additional three points.[12] Nevertheless, they continued using the stadium as their home ground.
In 2013, Panathinaikos, unable to afford the rent for the Olympic Stadium, due to the club's deteriorating financial situation, returned in the renovated Leoforos Alexandras Stadium,[13] however the green used again the Olympic Stadium as their home ground from 2018 to 2020. In 2022, asAgia Sophia Stadium was completed, AEK Athens left the Olympic Stadium, after a stay for nearly two decades characterised by major ups and downs for the club's history.[14] After the Olympics, the Olympic Stadium hosted again the Greek Football Cup finals from 2009 to 2016 and in 2018, 2019, 2021 and 2022 respectively.[4]
In 2023, an inspection of the stadium's roof and a preliminary study of upgrades were organized to prepare stadium for the first renovation since 2004.[15] After the inspection, the stadium and the nearbyAthens Olympic Velodrome were subsequently ordered to stop instituting any sort of organized events inside the venues and effectively shut down over safety failures.[16]
Following the removal of unsafe panels on the roof, the stadium reopened in May 2024. The renovations are expected to be completed by 2026.[17]
The foundation stone for the Olympic Stadium was laid on 7 January 1980. Its construction was revolutionary and involved the use of a prefabrication method for the 34 sets of pillars supporting the stands (each weighed 600 tons). About 26,000 seats of the lower tier were covered, while the stadium's most striking feature were the four leaning pillars that held its floodlights, each being 62 metres tall. The Athens Olympic Stadium was finally inaugurated in September 1982.
The stadium was renovated from 2002 until 2004 adding the famous roof for the2004 Summer Olympics. The central lawn of O.A.K.A consists of approximately 6.000 plastic capsules inside which thermophile lawn is grown. The capsules are adjoining, their size is 1.2*1.2m and are situated on a flat cement surface of two acres, flanked by two lateral drainage channels. The irrigation of the lawn is achieved by 35 automatically elevated water launchers with the use of programmed irrigation. This system allows the movement of the lawn to an area outside the stadium in order for the surface to be used for different events. Thirty-four entrance gates provide access to the stands. Odd gate numbers (1 to 35) lead to the lower and even numbers (2 to 34) to the upper tier. There are no gates numbered 18 and 36, since the two video-scoreboards are located in their place. Additionally, the stadium features 17 VIP boxes and 3 parking lots. Due to its design, the stadium's tribunes have the ability to empty within 7 minutes.
Competition Area
Designed by the Spanish architectSantiago Calatrava, the roof cost €256.2 million. The two giant arcs have a total span of 304m and a maximum height of 72m. The roof has a total weight of 18,700 tons coverering by 5,000 polycarbonate panels which covers an area of 25,000 square metres. The west arc was assembled 72m from its final position and the east 65m - both later slid into place. The roof is designed to withstand winds up to 120 km/h and earthquakes up to magnitude 8.[18]
Access by:
Car - Exit the city centre to the north via Kifissias Avenue and just follow the road signs to "OAKA". If you come from the Attiki Odos ring road, use exit 11 ("Kifissias - Ol. Stadium").
Bus - Use E14 from Syntagma Square in central Athens. It will take you directly to the Olympic Stadium in at least 30 minutes.
Metro - It is a 25-minute ride from the city centre. UseLine 1 and get off at "Irini" or "Neratziotissa". From there, it is a 10-minute walk from the Olympic Complex to the stadium.
| Date | Winners | Result | Runners-up | Round | Attendance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 May 1983 |  Hamburger SV | 1–0 |  Juventus | 1983 European Cup final | 73,500 |
| 13 May 1987 |  Ajax | 1–0 |  Lokomotive Leipzig | 1987 European Cup Winners' Cup final | 35,000 |
| 18 May 1994 | Milan | 4–0 |  Barcelona | 1994 UEFA Champions League final | 70,000 |
| 23 May 2007 | Milan | 2–1 |  Liverpool | 2007 UEFA Champions League final | 63,000 |
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| Events and tenants | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | European Athletics Championships Main venue 1982 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | European Cup Final venue 1983 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | European Cup Winners' Cup Final venue 1987 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | UEFA Champions League Final venue 1994 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | IAAF World Championships in Athletics Main venue 1997 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Summer Olympics Opening and closing ceremonies (Olympic Stadium) 2004 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by Sydney Olympic Stadium Sydney | Summer Olympics Olympic athletics competitions Main venue 2004 | Succeeded by Beijing National Stadium Beijing |
| Preceded by Sydney Olympic Stadium Sydney | Summer Olympics Men's football final 2004 | Succeeded by Beijing National Stadium Beijing |
| Preceded by | UEFA Champions League Final venue 2007 | Succeeded by |
