New Galicia Nueva Galicia Chimalhuacán[1] | |
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| Nuevo Reino de Galicia(in Spanish) New Kingdom of Galicia | |
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| Country |  Spain |
| Viceroyalty | New Spain |
| Royal Audience | Mexico City Compostela (1548–1560) Guadalajara |
| Capital | Guadalajara |
| Established | c. 1531 |
| Dissolved | 1824 |
Nuevo Reino de Galicia (New Kingdom of Galicia;Galician:Reino de Nova Galicia) or simplyNueva Galicia (New Galicia,Nova Galicia), known inNahuatl asChimalhuacán (‘the land of shield bearers’),[1] was an autonomous kingdom of theViceroyalty of New Spain.[2] It was named afterGalicia inSpain. Nueva Galicia's territory consisted of the present-dayMexican states ofAguascalientes,Guanajuato,Colima,Jalisco,Nayarit andZacatecas.[3]
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Spanish exploration of the area began in 1531 withNuño Beltrán de Guzmán's expedition. He named the main city founded in the areaVilla de Guadalajara after his birthplace and called the area he conquered "la Conquista del Espíritu Santo de la Mayor España" ("the Conquest of the Holy Spirit of Greater Spain"). The name was not approved. Instead,Queen Joanna — at the moment the acting regent of Spain — named the area "Reino de Nueva Galicia."
Guzmán's violent conquest left Spanish control of the area unstable, and within a decade full war had reemerged between the settlers and the Native peoples of the area. TheMixtón War, which lasted from 1540–1541, pitted an alliance ofCoras,Guachichils andCaxcans against the settlers. Nine years later theChichimeca War broke out, this time pitting mostlyZacatecos against their former allies, the Caxcan, who had now allied with the Spanish.Nahuas from the Valley of Mexico moved into the region along with the Spanish as the area was settled. In the last decades of the sixteenth centuryHuichols also arrived.
Given the growing wealth of the region with the discovery of silver to the north, especially inNueva Vizcaya, Guadalajara became the seat of the second mainlandAudiencia of New Spain in 1548. TheAudiencia of Guadalajara had oversight of all the northern mainland provinces of the Viceroyalty. The Audiencia at first was subordinate to theRoyal Audiencia of Mexico but was made independent in 1572, with a separategovernor or president. This enabled New Galicia to be ruled largely separate from the rest of the Viceroyalty.[2]
There are a number of published chronicles on colonial Nueva Galicia. A 1621 account byDomingo Lázaro de Arregui,Descripción de la Nueva Galicia gives considerable information about the indigenous peoples of the area.[4][5]
In the late 18th century, as part of theBourbon Reforms, anIntendancy was established in Guadalajara. In 1824, afterMexican independence was consolidated, the kingdom was transformed into the State of Jalisco and the Territory of Colima.
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