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National Hero of Indonesia

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National Hero of Indonesia (Indonesian:Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia) is the highest-leveltitle awarded inIndonesia.[1] It is posthumously given by theGovernment of Indonesia for actions which are deemed to be heroic, defined as "actual deeds which can be remembered and exemplified for all time by other citizens"[a] or "extraordinary service furthering the interests of the state and people".[b][2] TheMinistry of Social Affairs gives seven criteria which an individual must fulfill, as follows:[2]

  1. Have been an Indonesian citizen[c] who is deceased and, during his or her lifetime, led an armed struggle or produced a concept or product useful to the state;
  2. Have continued the struggle throughout his or her life and performed above and beyond the call of duty;
  3. Have had a wide-reaching impact through his or her actions;
  4. Have shown a high degree ofnationalism;
  5. Have been of good moral standing and respectable character;
  6. Never surrendered to his or her enemies; and
  7. Never committed an act which taints his or her legacy.[d]

Nominations undergo a four-step process and must be approved at each level. A proposal is made by the general populace in acity or regency to the mayor or regent, who must then make a request to theprovince's governor. The governor then makes a recommendation to the Ministry of Social Affairs, which forwards it to thepresident, represented by the Board of Titles (Dewan Gelar);[2] this board consists of two academics, two persons of a military background, and three persons who have previously received an award or title.[1] Those selected by the president, as represented by the Board, are awarded the title at a ceremony in the Indonesian capital ofJakarta.[2] Since 2000, the ceremony has occurred in early November, coinciding withIndonesia's Heroes' Day (Hari Pahlawan).[3]

The legal framework for the title, initially styled National Independence Hero (Pahlawan Kemerdekaan Nasional), was established with the release of Presidential Decree No. 241 of 1958. The title was first awarded on 30 August 1959 to the politician turned writerAbdul Muis, who had died the previous month.[4][5][6] This title was used for the rest ofSukarno's rule. WhenSuharto rose to power in the mid-1960s, the title was given its current name. Special titles at the level of National Hero have also been awarded. Hero of the Revolution (Pahlawan Revolusi) was given in 1965 to ten victims of the30 September Movement that resulted in end of Sukarno reign, while Sukarno and former vice-presidentMohammad Hatta were given the title Proclamation Heroes (Pahlawan Proklamasi) in 1988 for their role in reading theProclamation of Indonesian Independence.[3][4][6]

A total of 190 men and 16 women have been deemed national heroes, most recently Abdul Chalim, Ahmad Hanafiah,Bataha Santiago, Ida Dewa Agung Jambe,Mohammad Tabrani, andRatu Kalinyamat in 2023.[7] These heroes have come from all parts of theIndonesian archipelago, fromAceh in the west toPapua in the east. They represent numerousethnicities, includingnative Indonesians,ethnic Chinese,Arabs andEurasians. They includeprime ministers,guerrillas, government ministers, soldiers, royalty, journalists, and a bishop.

The following list is initially presented in alphabetical order; owing to differing cultural naming conventions, not all entries are sorted by last name. The list is further sortable by year of birth, death, and recognition. Names are standardised using theIndonesian Spelling System and thus may not reflect the original spelling.[e]


National Heroes of Indonesia

[edit]
I Gusti Ngurah Rai
A man in a military uniform, looking forward
Adnan Kapau Gani
A man in a bishop's outfit, looking forward
Albertus Sugiyapranata
A man in a military uniform speaking vividly
Bung Tomo
A woman looking forward and smiling
Fatmawati
Sam Ratulangi
A woman in a kebaya, looking right
Kartini
A man in spectacles, looking forward
Mohammad Hatta
A man in a uniform, looking right
Pakubuwono X
A man in a peci, looking forward
Sudirman
A man in a peci, looking right
Sukarno
A man, looking left
Tan Malaka
An Indonesian ulama and co-founder of Nahdatul Ulama
As'ad Syamsul Arifin
Contents
A · B · C · D · E · F · G · H · I · J · K · L · M · N · O · P · R · S · T · U · W · Y · Z
National Heroes of Indonesia
NameBornDiedElevatedNotesRef.
Abdul Chalim [id]189819722023Islamic Leader, co-founder ofNahdlatul Ulama[7]
Abdul Halim Majalengka188719622008Independence activist and Islamic scholar, Member ofBPUPK[3][8]
Abdul Haris Nasution191820002002General in theArmy, twice appointed Army Chief of Staff[3][9]
Abdul Kadir177118751999Nobleman fromMelawi, promoted economic development, fought against the colonial Dutch[3][10]
Abdul Kahar Muzakir190719632019Member ofBPUPK and first rector of theIslamic University of Indonesia[11]
Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah190819812011Islamic scholar and author[12]
Abdul Muis188319591959Politician, later author[f][4][13]
Abdul Rahman Saleh190919471974Early figure in theAir Force, killed whenhis medical flight was shot down by the Dutch[4][14]
Abdul Wahab Hasbullah188819712014Founding father ofNahdlatul Ulama, established pro-independence organizations[15][16]
Abdurrahman Baswedan190819862018Journalist who united Arab-descent people with Indonesians during the independence war[17]
Ahmad Sanusi188919502022Islamic scholar, Member ofBPUPK[18]
Ahmad Subarjo189619782009Independence activist and government minister[3][19]
Adam Malik Batubara191719841998Journalist and independence activist, thirdVice-President of Indonesia[3][20]
Adnan Kapau Gani190519682007Independence activist, smuggled weapons to support theNational Revolution[3][21]
Nyi Ageng Serang175218281974Javaneseguerrilla leader who led attacks on Dutch colonials on several occasions[3][22]
Agus Salim188419541961Minang Islamic leader, politician, independence activist[4][23]
Agustinus Adisucipto191619471974Early figure in theAir Force, killed whenhis medical flight was shot down by the Dutch[4][24]
Ahmad Dahlan186819341961Javanese Islamic leader, establishedMuhammadiyah; husband ofSiti Walidah[4][25]
Ahmad Hanafiah [id]190519472023Islamic leader, founder ofHizbullah (Indonesia)[7]
Ahmad Rifa'i178618702004Islamic thinker and writer known for his anti-Dutch stance[3][26]
Ahmad Yani192219651965Leader of theArmy, killed by the30 September Movement[4][27]
Aji Muhammad Idris [id]166717392021Monarch of theSultanate of Kutai (now part of East Kalimantan) who fought the Dutch[28][29]
Albertus Sugiyapranata189619631963Javanese Catholic bishop and nationalist[4][30]
Alexander Andries Maramis189719772019Member ofBPUPK and government minister[11]
Alimin188919641964Independence advocate, politician, andCommunist Party of Indonesia figure[4][31]
Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe191819472005Bugis nobleman, attacked Dutch forces duringNational Revolution, son ofAndi Mappanyukki[3][32]
Andi Jemma190119652002Independence activist, led attacks against Dutch forces during theNational Revolution[3][33]
Andi Mappanyukki188519672004Bugis nobleman, led attacks against Dutch forces, father ofAndi Abdullah Bau Massepe[3][34]
Antasari180918621968Fought against Dutch colonial forces in theBanjarmasin War[4][35]
Arie Frederik Lasut191819491969Geologist and educator who was executed by the Dutch[4][36]
Arnoldus Isaac Zacharias Mononutu189619832020Information minister[37]
As'ad Syamsul Arifin189719902016Islamic Leader, co-founder ofNahdlatul Ulama[38]
Sultan Baabullah15th century15832020Ruler ofSultanate of Ternate[37]
Bagindo Azizchan191019472005Mayor ofPadang, resisted Dutch forces during theNational Revolution[3][39]
Basuki Rahmat192119691969General, witness to theSupersemar[4][40]
Bataha Santiago162216752023The third king of Manganitu Kingdom inSangihe Islands who fought against Dutch colonial forces[7]
Bernard Wilhelm Lapian189219772015Nationalist, church leader, and second governor ofSulawesi[41]
Teungku Chik di Tiro183618911973Acehnese Islamic figure andguerrilla leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces[4][42]
Cilik Riwut191819871998Soldier and politician, promoted economic and cultural development inCentral Kalimantan[3][43]
Cipto Mangunkusumo188619431964Javanese politician, mentor toSukarno[4][44]
Cokroaminoto188319341961Politician, leader ofSarekat Islam, mentor toSukarno[4][45]
Ernest Douwes Dekker187919501961Indo journalist and politician who advocated Indonesian independence[g][4][46]
Depati Amir [id]180518692018Independence fighter fromBangka[17]
Andi Depu Maraddia Balanipa190719852018Female figure fromWest Sulawesi who led fighters for independence[17]
Dewi Sartika188419471966Educator, established the country's first school for girls[4][47]
Cut Nyak Dhien185019081964Acehneseguerrilla leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces; wife ofTeuku Umar[4][48]
Diponegoro178518551973Son of theSultan of Yogyakarta, fought afive-year war against Dutch colonial forces[4][49]
Donald Isaac Panjaitan192519651965General in theArmy, killed by the30 September Movement[4][50]
Fakhruddin189019291964Islamic leader, negotiated protection of Indonesianhajj pilgrims[4][51]
Fatmawati192319802000Sewedthe first national flag, social activist, a wife ofSukarno[3][52]
Ferdinand Lumbantobing189919621962Doctor and politician, fought for the rights offorced labourers[4][53]
Frans Kaisiepo192119791993Papuan nationalist who helped in the acquisition ofPapua[3][54]
Gatot Mangkupraja189619682004Independence activist and politician, suggested the formation ofDefenders of the Homeland[3][55]
Gatot Subroto190719621962General, deputy chief-of-staff of theArmy[4][56]
Halim Perdanakusuma192219471975Early figure in theAir Force, died in an accidental plane crash inPerak,Malaysia during theNational Revolution[3][57]
Hamengkubuwono I171717922006Sultan of Yogyakarta, fought against theDutch East India Company, establishedYogyakarta[3][58]
Hamengkubuwono IX191219881990Sultan of Yogyakarta, independence activist, military leader, and politician; secondVice-President of Indonesia[3][59]
Harun Thohir194719681968Bombed theHong Kong and Shanghai Bank building in Singapore during theIndonesia–Malaysia confrontation[h][4][60]
Hasan Basri192319842001Soldier during theIndonesian National Revolution, supported the integration ofKalimantan in Indonesia[3][61]
Hasanuddin163116701973Sultan of Gowa, fought against Dutch colonial forces[4][62]
Hasyim Asy'ari187519471964Islamic leader, founder ofNahdlatul Ulama[4][63]
Hazairin190619751999Legal scholar, independence activist, government minister, and educator[3][64]
Herman Johannes191219922009Engineer, made weapons for theNational Revolution, co-foundedGadjah Mada University[3][65]
Sultan Himayatuddin Muhammad Saidi [id]18th century17762019Sultan ofButon who protested against a deal with the Dutch East India Company (VOC)[11]
Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung192119992007Independence activist, diplomat, and government minister[3][66]
Ida Dewa Agung Jambe [id]185519082023[7]
Idham Chalid192120102011Leader ofNahdlatul Ulama, politician[12][67]
Ilyas Yakoub190319581999Independence activist, politician, andguerrilla fighter[3][68]
Tuanku Imam Bonjol177218641973Islamic figure fromWest Sumatra who fought against Dutch colonial forces in thePadri War[4][69]
Radin Inten II183418561986Nobleman fromLampung, led a revolution against Dutch colonists[3][70]
Iskandar Muda159316361993Sultan of Aceh, expanded the state's influence[i][3][71]
Ismail Marzuki191419582004Composer known for numerous patriotic songs[3][72]
Iswahyudi191819471975Early figure in theAir Force, killed during theNational Revolution[3][73]
Iwa Kusumasumantri189919712002Independence activist, lawyer, and politician, first Minister of Social Affairs[3][74]
Izaak Huru Doko191319852006Independence activist and educator, helped establishUdayana University[3][75]
Jamin Ginting192119742014Politician and military officer inSumatra during theNational Revolution[15]
Janatin194319681968Bombed theHong Kong and Shanghai Bank building in Singapore during theIndonesia–Malaysia confrontation[j][4][76]
Jatikusumo191719922002Member of the Pakubuwono royal family of Surakarta, general in theArmy and politician[3][77]
Johannes Abraham Dimara191620002010Papuan army officer who helped in the acquisition ofPapua[78]
Johannes Leimena190519772010Early Minister of Health, developed thePuskesmas clinic system[78]
Juanda Kartawijaya191119631963Sundanese politician, finalPrime Minister of Indonesia[4][79]
Karel Satsuit Tubun192819651965Police brigadier, killed by the30 September Movement[4][80]
Ignatius Joseph Kasimo190019862011Independence activist,Catholic Party leader[12][81]
Kasman Singodimedjo190419822018Muhammadiyah figure, who united the nation during the UUD 1945 Constitution ratification process by thePreparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence. Later served as chair of theCentral Indonesian National Committee, the precursor of thePeople's Representative Council and as Justice Undersecretary.[17]
Katamso Darmokusumo192319651965General in theArmy, killed by the30 September Movement[4][82]
I Gusti Ketut Jelantik18th century18491993Balinese leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces[3][83]
I Gusti Ketut Puja190419572011First Governor ofSunda Kecil Province[12][84]
Ki Bagus Hadikusumo [id]189019542015[41]
Ki Hajar Dewantara188919591959Educator and state minister, establishedTaman Siswa, brother ofRaden Mas Suryopranoto[4][85]
Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro190419572011Educator withBudi Utomo andTaman Siswa, government minister[12][86]
Kiras Bangun185219422005Batakguerrilla leader who fought the Dutch colonialists[3][87]
La Maddukelleng170017651998Nobleman fromPaser Sultanate, repelled Dutch forces fromWajo Kingdom[3][88]
Lafran Pane192219912017Founded theMuslim Students' Association[89]
Lambertus Nicodemus Palar190019812013Diplomat, negotiated recognition of Indonesia during theRevolution[90]
Yahya Daniel Dharma191119882009Rear Admiral in theNavy, smuggled products to fund theNational Revolution[3][91]
Mahmud Singgirei Rumagesan188519642020Monarch of Sultanate of Sekar (now in Fakfak Regency, West Papua) who advocated for integration of Western New Guinea into Indonesia[37][92]
Mahmud Badaruddin II176718521984Sultan of Palembang, fought against Dutch colonial forces[3][93]
Sultan Mahmud Riayat Syah176018122017Sultan of Riau Lingga, fought against Dutch colonial forces[89]
Malahayati15th centuryearly 16th century2017Female admiral in the navy of theAceh Sultanate, fought againstCornelis de Houtman[89]
Mangkunegara I172517951988Fought against Dutch colonists and collaborators inCentral Java[3][94]
Maria Walanda Maramis187219241969Women's rights advocate and educator[4][95]
Martha Christina Tiahahu180018181969Guerrilla fighter fromMaluku who died in Dutch custody[4][96]
Marthen Indey191219861993Nationalist and independence activist, promoted Papuan integration in Indonesia[3][97]
Mas Isman192419822015Revolutionary who commanded students paramilitaryTRI Pelajar during independence war[41]
Mas Mansur189619461964Islamic scholar,Muhammadiyah leader[4][98]
Masykur191719942019Member ofBPUPK, founder ofPETA, government minister[11]
Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono192419651965General in theArmy, killed by the30 September Movement[4][99]
Maskun Sumadireja190719862004Independence activist and politician[3][100]
Raden Mattaher187119072020[37]
Cut Nyak Meutia187019101964Acehneseguerrilla leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces[4][101]
Mohammad Hatta190219802012Independence activist,First Vice-President of Indonesia[k][102][103]
Mohammad Husni Thamrin189419411960Politician and independence activist[4][104]
Mohammad Natsir190819932008Islamic scholar and politician, fifthPrime Minister of Indonesia[3][105]
Mohammad Tabrani Soerjowitjirto190419842023Indonesian journalist and politician, major proponent of theIndonesian language as a national language.[7]
Teuku Muhammad Hasan190619972006Independence activist, first governor ofSumatra[3][106]
Muhammad Mangundiprojo190519882014[15]
Mohammad Yamin190319621973Poet turned politician and independence activist[4][107]
Muhammad Yasin192020122015Regarded as the founder of Indonesian Police'sMobile Brigade Corps[41][108]
Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid [id]189819972017Islamic scholar andNahdlatul Wathan founder[89]
Mustopo191319862007Leader during theBattle of Surabaya, established Dr. Moestopo Dental College[3][109]
Muwardi190719481964Handled security for theProclamation of Independence, established a hospital inSurakarta[4][110]
Nani Wartabone190719862003Independence activist and politician, helped put down thePermesta rebellion[3][111]
I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung187619062015Balinese fighter against the Dutch colonials[41]
I Gusti Ngurah Rai191719461975Balinese military leader duringNational Revolution[3][112]
Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin173818051995Sultan of Tidore, led several naval battles against Dutch colonial forces[3][113]
Nur Ali191419922006Islamic leader and educator, led student soldiers during theNational Revolution[3][114]
Teuku Nyak Arif189919461974Acehnese politician and resistance leader, first governor ofAceh[115]
Opu Daeng Risaju188019642006Early woman politician, fought against the Dutch during theNational Revolution[3][116]
Oto Iskandar di Nata189719451973Politician and independence activist[4][117]
Pajonga Daeng Ngalle Polobangkeng190119582006Coordinated attacks inSouth Sulawesi during theNational Revolution, promoted integration[3][118]
Paku Alam VIII191019982022Vice Governor of Yogyakarta, independence activist, and politician[18]
Pakubuwono VI180718491964Susuhunan of Surakarta, rebelled against Dutch colonial forces[4][119]
Pakubuwono X186619392011Susuhunan of Surakarta, supported various projects which furtheredNative Indonesian interests[12][120]
Pangeran Muhammad Noor190119792018Banjar Prince, guerrilla fighter, 1st Governor of Kalimantan & former Minister of Public Works[17]
Pattimura178318171973Guerrilla fromMaluku who fought against Dutch colonial forces[4][121]
Pierre Tendean193919651965Soldier in theArmy, killed by the30 September Movement[4][122]
Pong Tiku184619072002Torajan noble, fought against Dutch colonialists[3][123]
Raden Ajeng Kartini187919041964Javanese women's rights figure[4][124]
Raden Aria Wangsakara17212021Indonesian cleric and nobleman, regarded as the founder of Tangerang and defended the region from Dutch attack in the early 18th century[28][125]
Raden Eddy Martadinata192119661966Admiral in theNavy and diplomat, killed in a helicopter crash[4][126]
Raden Mas Suryopranoto187119591959Education andworkers' rights figure, brother ofKi Hajar Dewantara[4][127]
Raden Mas Tumenggung Ario Suryo189619481964First Governor ofEast Java during theNational Revolution[4][128]
Raden Panji Suroso189319811986Politician and independence activist, first Governor of Central Java[3][129]
Raden Said Sukanto Cokrodiatmojo190819932020FirstChief of the Indonesian National Police[37]
Sudirman191619501964Commander in Chief of theIndonesian Armed Forces for most of theNational Revolution[l][4][130]
Raden Suleiman Effendi Kusumahatmaja189819521965First Chief Justice of theSupreme Court of Indonesia[4][131]
Raja Ali Haji1809c. 18702004Historian and poet fromRiau[3][132]
Raja Haji Fisabilillah172717841997Warrior fromRiau who fought against Dutch colonial forces[3][133]
Rajiman Wediodiningrat187919522013First head of thePeople's Representative Council[90]
Ranggong Daeng Romo191519472001Led troops in two battles against Dutch forces during theNational Revolution[3][134]
Ratu Kalinyamat152015792023[7]
Rasuna Said191019651974Women's rights advocate and nationalist[3][135]
Rubini Natawisastra [id]190619442022Medical doctor, killed duringMandor affair[18]
Robert Wolter Mongisidi192519491973Guerrilla fighter inMakassar during theNational Revolution, executed by the Dutch[4][136]
Rohana Kudus188419722019First female journalist, activist for education and women's emancipation.[11]
Saharjo190919631963Minister of Justice, pioneered legal reform in the country[4][137]
Salahuddin bin Talabuddin [id]187419482022North Maluku politician and supporter of Indonesian independence, executed by the Dutch[18]
Sam Ratulangi189019491961Minahasa politician and supporter of Indonesian independence[4][138]
Samanhudi187819561961Businessman, establishedSarekat Islam[4][139]
Sardjito [id]188919702019First rector ofGadjah Mada University[11]
Silas Papare191819781993Fought forPapua's independence from the Dutch, promoted Papuan integration in Indonesia[3][140]
Sisingamangaraja XII184919071961Batak leader who fought a lengthyguerrilla campaign against Dutch colonial forces[4][133]
Siswondo Parman191819651965General in theArmy, killed by the30 September Movement[4][141]
Siti Hartinah192319961996Wife of presidentSuharto, active in social work, establishedTaman Mini Indonesia Indah[3][142]
Syam'un189419492018Islamic scholar, guerrilla fighter for independence.[17]
Siti Walidah187219461971Founder ofAisyiyah,Muhammadiyah figure, wife ofAhmad Dahlan,[m][4][143]
Slamet Riyadi192719502007Brigadier General in theArmy, killed while putting down a rebellion inSulawesi[3][144]
Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto192619651965Colonel in theArmy, killed by the30 September Movement[4][145]
Soeharto Sastrosoeyoso190820002022Medical doctor, founder of Indonesian Medical Association[18]
Suharso191219711973Medical pioneer inprosthetics[4][146]
Sukarjo Wiryopranoto190319621962Independence figure, diplomat, and politician[4][147]
Sukarni191619712014Youth leader and activist[15]
Sukarno190119702012FirstPresident of Indonesia, Independence activist, orator, read theProclamation of Independence[k][102][103]
Sultan Agung159116451975Sultan of Mataram, fought against encroachment by theDutch East India Company[3][148]
Andi Sultan Daeng Raja189419632006Independence activist and politician[3][149]
Supeno191619491970Government minister, killed while fighting against the Dutch during theNational Revolution[4][150]
Supomo190319581965FirstMinister of Justice, helped write theConstitution[4][151]
Suprapto192019651965General in theArmy, killed by the30 September Movement[4][152]
Supriyadi192519451975Leader of a rebellion against theJapanese occupation forces inBlitar[n][3][153]
Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution190419932020First governor ofNorth Sumatra[37]
Sutan Syahrir190919661966Politician, firstPrime Minister of Indonesia[4][154]
Sutomo188819381961Javanese educator, establishedBudi Utomo[o][4][155]
Sutomo192019812008Military officer who led troops in theBattle of Surabaya[p][3][156]
Sutoyo Siswomiharjo192219651965General in theArmy, killed by the30 September Movement[4][157]
Syafruddin Prawiranegara191119892011First governor ofBank Indonesia[12]
Syarif Kasim II189319681998Sultan of Siak, promoted integration of theEast Sumatran kingdoms[3][150]
Tahi Bonar Simatupang192019902013General who served as chief of staff from 1950 to 1954[90]
Tuanku Tambusai178418821995Islamic leader fromRiau who fought against Dutch colonial forces in thePadri War[3][158]
Tan Malaka188419491963Minang politician and communist activist[4][159]
Thaha Syaifuddin181619041977Sultan of Jambi, led an armed revolution against Dutch colonial forces[3][160]
Tirtayasa163116831970Guerrilla fromBanten who fought against the Dutch[4][161]
Tirto Adhi Suryo188019182006Early journalist, exiled for his anti-Dutch editorials[3][162]
Tengku Amir Hamzah191119461975Langkat royal family member, poet, nationalist; victim of the East Sumatra Social Revolution[3][163]
Teuku Umar185418991973Acehneseguerrilla leader, fought against Dutch colonial forces; husband ofCut Nyak Dhien[4][164]
Tombolotutu [id]185719012021Monarch of the Kingdom of Moutong who fought a guerilla campaign against Dutch colonial government from 1898–1901[28][29]
Untung Surapati166017061975Led several rebellions against theDutch East India Company[3][165]
Urip Sumoharjo189319481964Early leader ofIndonesian Armed Forces, second in command toSudirman[4][166]
Usmar Ismail192119712021Indonesian journalist and film director, regarded as the Father of Indonesian Cinema[28][167]
Wage Rudolf Supratman190319381971Composer of the national anthem "Indonesia Raya"[4][168]
Wahid Hasyim191419531964Leader ofNahdlatul Ulama, first Minister of Religion of Indonesia[4][169]
Wahidin Sudirohusodo185219171973Doctor and leader inBudi Utomo[4][170]
Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes189519521968Medical pioneer inradiology[4][171]
Yos Sudarso192519621973Navy Commodore, killed in a confrontation with the Dutch overNetherlands New Guinea[4][172]
Yusuf Tajul Khalwati162616991995Islamic leader, led aguerrilla rebellion against theDutch East India Company[3][173]
Zainal Mustafa190719441972Islamic leader who fought against theJapanese occupation forces[4][174]
Zainul Arifin190919631963Politician andguerrilla fighter, killed by an assassin targetingSukarno[4][175]

Explanatory notes

[edit]
  1. ^Original: "'... perbuatan nyata yang dapat dikenang dan diteladani sepanjang masa bagi warga masyarakat lainnya."
  2. ^Original: "... berjasa sangat luar biasa bagi kepentingan bangsa dan negara."
  3. ^Act No. 20 of 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAct_No._20_of_2009 (help) gives provisions for persons who died before Indonesia's independence in 1945, allowing those who "fought against colonialism in an area that is now part of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia" (Original: "berjuang melawan penjajahan di wilayah yang sekarang menjadi wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia") to receive the title.
  4. ^Based on the original:
    1. Warga Negara Indonesia yang telah meninggal dunia dan semasa hidupnya:
      1. Telah memimpin dan melakukan perjuangan bersenjata atau perjuangan politik/ perjuangan dalam bidang lain mencapai/ merebut /memper tahankan/mengisi kemerdekaan serta mewujudkan persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa.
      2. Telah melahirkan gagasan atau pemikiran besar yang dapat menunjang pembangunan bangsa dan negara.
      3. Telah menghasilkan karya besar yang mendatangkan manfaat bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat luas atau meningkatkan harkat dan martabat bangsa Indonesia.
    2. Pengabdian dan Perjuangan yang dilakukannya berlangsung hampir sepanjang hidupnya (tidak sesaat) dan melebihi tugas yang diembannya.
    3. Perjuangan yang dilakukan mempunyai jangkauan luas dan berdampak nasional.
    4. Memiliki konsistensi jiwa dan semangat kebangsaan/nasionalisme yang tinggi.
    5. Memiliki akhlak dan moral yang tinggi.
    6. Tidak menyerah pada lawan/musuh dalam perjuangannya.
    7. Datam riwayat hidupnya tidak pernah melakukan perbuatan tercela yang dapat merusak nilai perjuangannya.
  5. ^TheIndonesian language has undergone several spelling reforms since the country declared its independence in 1945. As of 2020, the Indonesian Spelling System, issued in 2015, is the official spelling system in Indonesia.
  6. ^Some sources give his birth year as 1886 or 1890.
  7. ^Also known by theSundanese name Danudirja Setiabudi
  8. ^Also known as Harun Tahir
  9. ^Year of birth uncertain. Some sources, such asEncyclopædia Britannica, give 1590.
  10. ^Also known as Usman bin Haji Muhammad Ali.
  11. ^ab Previously declared a Proclamation Hero in 1986
  12. ^1916 is the date recognised by the Indonesian government. The actual date may be different. Several sources, for example, give 1912 (Said 1991, p. 80).
  13. ^Generally noted as Nyai Ahmad Dahlan, meaning "wife of Ahmad Dahlan"
  14. ^Date of death uncertain; he disappeared in 1945.
  15. ^Most often referred to as Dr. Sutomo
  16. ^Also known as Bung Tomo

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^abLaw of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 of 2009.
  2. ^abcdIndonesian State Secretariat, Prosedur.
  3. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalamanaoapaqarasatauavawaxayazbabbbcbdbebfbgbhbibjbkblbmbnbobpbqbrIndonesian State Secretariat, Daftar Nama Pahlawan (2).
  4. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalamanaoapaqarasatauavawaxayazbabbbcbdbebfbgbhbibjbkblbmbnbobpbqbrbsbtbubvbwbxbybzIndonesian State Secretariat, Daftar Nama Pahlawan (1).
  5. ^JCG, Abdul Muis.
  6. ^abArtaria 2002, p. 539.
  7. ^abcdefgSafitri, Eva (10 November 2023)."Jokowi Resmi Beri Gelar Pahlawan Nasional ke 6 Tokoh".detik.com. Detik. Retrieved9 April 2024.
  8. ^Mirnawati 2012, p. 254.
  9. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 251–252.
  10. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 2–3.
  11. ^abcdefAntara, Jokowi confers National Hero titles on first UGM rector, five figures.
  12. ^abcdefgThe Jakarta Post 2011, Govt Gives.
  13. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 64–66.
  14. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 185–187.
  15. ^abcdSetneg, Presiden Jokowi Anugerahkan Gelar Pahlawan Nasional.
  16. ^Detik.com, Ini Kiprah 4 Pahlawan Nasional yang Baru Dinobatkan Tahun Ini.
  17. ^abcdefAntara, President awards title of national hero to six figures.
  18. ^abcde"President Jokowi Bestows National Hero Titles to Five Figures".Cabinet Secretariat of Republic of Indonesia. 7 November 2022. Retrieved18 November 2022.
  19. ^Mirnawati 2012, p. 264.
  20. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 227–228.
  21. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 265–266.
  22. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 20–21.
  23. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 80–81.
  24. ^Mirnawati 2012, p. 190.
  25. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 90–93.
  26. ^Mirnawati 2012, p. 255.
  27. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 206–207.
  28. ^abcdPresident Jokowi Names Four Historical Figures as National Heroes.
  29. ^abProfil Tombolotutu, Raja Asal Sulteng yang Diberi Gelar Pahlawan Nasional.
  30. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 195–196.
  31. ^Sudarmanto 2007, pp. 90–91.
  32. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 229–230.
  33. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 66–67.
  34. ^Mirnawati 2012, p. 231.
  35. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 22–23.
  36. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 158–159.
  37. ^abcdefThe Jakarta Post, Jokowi to name six historical figures as national heroes.
  38. ^Kompas.com, As'ad Syamsul Arifin Dianugerahi Gelar Pahlawan Nasional.
  39. ^Mirnawati 2012, p. 234.
  40. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 168–169.
  41. ^abcdeCNN Indonesia, Jokowi Anugerahkan Gelar Pahlawan Nasional.
  42. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 52–53.
  43. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 188–189.
  44. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 68–70.
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  46. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 71–72.
  47. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 123–124.
  48. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 4–5.
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  50. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 210–211.
  51. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 93–94.
  52. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 237–238.
  53. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 160–161.
  54. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 164–165.
  55. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 239–240.
  56. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 170–171.
  57. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 201–202.
  58. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 26–27.
  59. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 197–198.
  60. ^Mirnawati 2012, p. 178.
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  62. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 42–43.
  63. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 95–96.
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  65. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 241–242.
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  68. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 244–245.
  69. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 56–57.
  70. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 30–31.
  71. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 44–45.
  72. ^Mirnawati 2012, p. 249.
  73. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 191–192.
  74. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 276–277.
  75. ^Mirnawati 2012, p. 250.
  76. ^Mirnawati 2012, p. 187.
  77. ^Mirnawati 2012, p. 253.
  78. ^abThe Jakarta Post 2010, Doctor, Army Officer.
  79. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 86–87.
  80. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 224–225.
  81. ^Mirnawati 2012, p. 300.
  82. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 212–213.
  83. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 8–9.
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  89. ^abcdKominfo, Presiden Anugerahkan Gelar Pahlawan kepada 4 Tokoh Nasional.
  90. ^abcParlina 2013, Govt names three new national heroes.
  91. ^Mirnawati 2012, pp. 259–260.
  92. ^Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan, Pahlawan Nasional Pertama Dari Papua Barat.
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  102. ^abAritonang 2012, Sukarno, Hatta.
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Works cited

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