This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Morning glory" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(September 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Morning glory (also written asmorning-glory^[1]) is the common name for over 1,000species offlowering plants in the familyConvolvulaceae, whose current taxonomy and systematics are in flux. Morning glory species belong to manygenera, some of which are:

• Argyreia
• Astripomoea
• Calystegia
• Convolvulus
• Ipomoea (the largest genus)
• Lepistemon
• Merremia
• Operculina
• Rivea
• Stictocardia

As the name suggests, mostmorning glory flowers unfurl into full bloom in the early morning. The flowers usually start to fade a few hours before the corolla begins to display visible curling. They prefer full solar exposure throughout the day, andmesic soils. Some morning glories, such asIpomoea muricata,Ipomoea alba, andIpomoea macrorhiza, are night-blooming flowers.

Ipomoea nil, a species of morning glory, was first known inChina for itsmedicinal uses, due to thelaxative properties of its seeds.

AncientMesoamerican civilizations used the morning glory speciesIpomoea alba to convert thelatex from theCastilla elastica tree and also theguayule plant to produce bouncingrubber balls.^[2] Thesulfur in the morning glory's juice served tovulcanize the rubber, a process antedatingCharles Goodyear's discovery by at least 3,000 years.^[3]Aztec priests inMexico were also known to use the plant's hallucinogenic properties (seeRivea corymbosa).

In some places, such asAustralian bushland, some species of morning glories develop thick roots and tend to grow in dense thickets. They can quickly spread by way of long, creeping stems. By crowding out, blanketing, and smothering other plants, morning glory has turned into a seriousinvasiveweed problem.^[4]

In parts of the US, species such asCalystegia sepium (hedge bindweed),Ipomoea purpurea (common morning glory) andIpomoea indica (blue morning glory) have shown to be invasive. In fact, as of 2021, most non-native species ofIpomoea are currently illegal to cultivate, possess, and sell in the U.S. state ofArizona, and before 4 January 2020, this ban applied to native species, too. This is because some species of Convolvulaceae (likeConvolvulus arvensis andIpomoea × leucantha) have been known to cause problems in crops, especially in cotton fields.^[5][6]Ipomoea aquatica is a federal noxious weed, though some states, like Texas, have acknowledged its status as a vegetable and allow it to be grown.^[7][8]

In cultivation, most are treated asperennial plants in frost-free areas and asannual plants in colder climates, but some species tolerate winter cold. Some species are strictly annual (e.g.Ipomoea nil), producing many seeds, and some perennial species (e.g.I. indica) are propagated by cuttings. Somemoonflowers, which flower at night, are also in the morning glory family.

Because of their fast growth, twining habit, attractive flowers, and tolerance for poor, dry soils, some morning glories are excellent vines for creating summershade on building walls when trellised, thus keeping the building cooler and reducing heating and cooling costs.

Popular varieties in contemporary western cultivation include'Sunspots','Heavenly Blue', moonflower,cypress vine, andcardinal climber. The cypress vine is a hybrid, with the cardinal climber as one parent.

Many morning glories self-seed in the garden. They have a hard seed coat, which delays germination until late spring. Germination may be improved by soaking in warm water.^[9]

Morning glory has been a favorite flower inJapan for many a long century.^[10] The cultivation started in theNara period (8th century).^[10] The big booms of the selective breeding of the morning glory happened in theEdo era (17-19th century).^[10] The large-flowered morning glory was broadly cultivated as a hobby flower. The varied Japanese morning glory (変化朝顔 Henka-asagao or mutant morning glory) was created.^[10][11]

Stereo image
Left frame
Right frame
Parallel view ()
Cross-eye view ()
Morning glory seeds, mixed colors

Ipomoea aquatica, known as water spinach, water morning glory, water convolvulus,ong-choy, kang-kung, or swamp cabbage, is popularly used as a green vegetable, especially inEast andSoutheast Asiancuisines. In the US,I. aquatica is afederal noxious weed, and can be illegal to grow, import, possess, or sell without a permit. A market exists, though, for the plant's powerful culinary potential.^[8] As of 2005, the state of Texas has acknowledged that water spinach is a highly prized vegetable in many cultures, and has allowed it to be grown for personal consumption, in part because it is known to have been grown in Texas for more than 15 years and has not yet escaped cultivation.^[7]

The genusIpomoea also contains thesweet potato (I. batatas). Though the term "morning glory" is not usually extended toI. batatas, sometimes it may be referred to as a "tuberous morning glory" in a horticultural context. Some cultivars ofI. batatas are grown for their ornamental value, rather than for the edible tuber.

Theseeds of many species of morning glory containergolinealkaloids such as thepsychoactive and/orpsychedeliclysergamidesergine (lysergic acid amide; LSA) andisoergine (isolysergic acid amide; iso-LSA), which are closelystructurally related tolysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).^[12][13][14] Seeds ofIpomoea tricolor andTurbina corymbosa (syn.R. corymbosa) are used aspsychedelics.^[15] The seeds of morning glory can produce similar effects to LSD when ingested in sufficient numbers, often numbering into the hundreds. Though the chemicals ergine and isoergine are not legal in some countries, the seeds are found in many gardening stores; however, some claim the seeds from commercial sources can sometimes be coated in some kind of pesticide ormethylmercury (although the latter is illegal in the UK and the US).^[16] Theonset is 20 to 180 minutes and theduration is 4 to 10 hours.^[17] Previously thought to be exclusivelysynthetic compounds,methylergometrine andmethysergide have also been reported to occur inArgyreia nervosa.^[12][18]

• 
  Morning glory (Ipomoea cairica)
• 
  Blue morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea)
• 
  Blue and purple morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea)
• 
  A fully open pink morning glory (Ipomoea carnea)
• 
  Side view of a partially curledIpomoea purpurea in early afternoon
• 
  The top of partially curledIpomoea purpurea in early afternoon
• 
  The leaves of common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea)
• 
  Opening blue morning glory (Ipomoea indica)
• 
  Close-up of a blue morning glory flower (Ipomoea indica)
• 
  Close-up of a hedge bindweed flower (Calystegia sepium)
• 
  Climbing morning glory vine (Ipomoea purpurea)
• 
  Blue morning glory flower (Ipomoea indica)

• Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007).Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press.ISBN 978-0-89672-614-7.
• Furst, Peter (1990).Flesh of the Gods.ISBN 978-0-88133-477-7.
• Schultes, Richard Evans (1976).Hallucinogenic Plants. Elmer W. Smith, illustrator. New York: Golden Press.ISBN 0-307-24362-1.

Look upmorning glory in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related toConvolvulaceae.

• Texts on Wikisource:
  • "Morning Glory".Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.
  • "Morning Glory".The New Student's Reference Work. 1914.
• Morning Glory - Erowid
• Morning Glory - PsychonautWiki
• The Morning Glory Vine: A Shamanic & Psychedelic Garden Variety - Tripsitter
• Morning Glory Flowers is a book from 1854(in English and Japanese)

• 5-HT2A agonists
• Convolvulaceae
• Herbal and fungal hallucinogens
• Natural sources of lysergamides
• Plant common names
• Psychedelic drugs
• Serotonin receptor agonists

• CS1 maint: archived copy as title
• Webarchive template wayback links
• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Articles needing additional references from September 2015
• All articles needing additional references
• Commons category link is locally defined
• Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia
• Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW
• Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter
• Articles with Japanese-language sources (ja)