Michigan Court of Appeals
Established	1 January 1965
Jurisdiction	Michigan
Location	Detroit (1st District) Troy (2nd District) Grand Rapids (3rd District) Lansing (4th District)
Composition method	election; appointment
Authorised by	MI Const. art. VI, § 1
Appeals to	Michigan Supreme Court
Judge term length	6 years
Number of positions	25
Website	Michigan Court Appeals
Chief Judge
Currently	Michael F. Gadola
Division map

TheMichigan Court of Appeals is the intermediate-levelappellate court of the state ofMichigan. It was created by theMichigan Constitution of 1963, and commenced operations in 1965. Its opinions arereported both in an official publication of the State of Michigan,Michigan Appeals Reports, as well as the unofficial, privately publishedNorth Western Reporter, published byWest. Appeals from this court's decisions go to theMichigan Supreme Court.

The court originally had only ninejudges. The number was steadily increased by theMichigan Legislature to accommodate the court's growing caseload—to 12 in 1969, to 18 in 1974, to 24 in 1988, and to 28 in 1993.^[1] In 2012, Michigan GovernorRick Snyder signed into law legislation which provided for the transition of each of the court's 4 election districts to 6 judges, which will bring the court back to 24 judges over time through attrition.^[2]

The court has 25 judges who are elected from fourelectoral districts for 6-year terms on anon-partisan ballot. Vacancies are filled by thegovernor. Judges or candidates who reach the age of 70 are not allowed to run for election.^[3] Although the judges are elected in districts, they sit as one statewide court.^[1]

Cases are heard by panels of 3 judges, similarly to theU.S. Courts of Appeals. Like most appellate courts, the Court of Appeals observes the principle ofstare decisis, where a court's reasoning in its past precedents binds its present decisions. When a panel of the court disagrees with a prior precedent, it must abide by the earlier decision in deciding the case at hand. When a panel expresses its disagreement with a prior precedent, there is a mechanism to convene a special 7-member "conflict panel" (similar to theen banc procedure in theU.S. Courts of Appeals) that resolves the conflict between the earlier decision and the expressed desire of a panel of the court's judges to depart from that precedent. Unlike the circuits of the federal courts, the Michigan Court of Appeal's precedents apply are applied statewide regardless of the district in which an opinion is handed down.^[1]

The court has four electoral districts:

• 1st District is based inDetroit
• 2nd District is based inTroy
• 3rd District is based inGrand Rapids
• 4th District is based inLansing

All four districts have offices in these locations, but the 2nd District in Troy does not have a courtroom. Due to the geographic size of the 4th District, the court will, on occasion, schedule a panel to hear cases in a northern Michigan city (such asMarquette,Petoskey, orTraverse City), for the convenience of the parties.^[1]

Each district elects six or seven judges, but the judges on the various panels are not drawn from specific districts. There are also four case filing districts based around geographic proximity to the court's physical records; because of this, the lines of the electoral districts and case filing districts do not correspond.^[4]

• Homepage of the Michigan Court of Appeals
• History of the court

• Michigan state courts
• State appellate courts of the United States
• Courts and tribunals established in 1963
• Legal history of Michigan
• 1963 establishments in Michigan

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