Mehta Basti Ram | |
|---|---|
 Zorawar Fort in Ladakh, where Basti Ram was the firstQiladar (commandant) | |
| Governor of Leh | |
| In office 1847–1861 | |
| Preceded by | Zorawar Singh |
| Succeeded by | Mehta Mangal (son) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Early 19th century Kishtwar, Jammu, Sikh Empire |
| Died | Late 19th century Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir,British Raj |
| Nationality | Dogra |
| Spouse | Unknown |
| Children |
|
| Occupation | Military officer, Governor |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Jammu and Kashmir |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Unit | Fateh Shibji Battalion |
| Battles/wars | Dogra invasion of Ladakh,Dogra–Tibetan War |
Mehta Basti Ram was aDogra officer and commander of the Fateh Shibji battalion under RajaGulab Singh ofJammu (later Maharaja ofJammu and Kashmir). Basti Ram later served as the governor (thanadar) ofLeh inLadakh between 1847 and 1861.[1] Basti Ram joined the service of Raja Gulab Singh in 1821 and became an officer under GeneralZorawar Singh during his conquest of Ladakh between 1834 and 1841. After holding positions such as the governor ofTaklakot (briefly) and thanadar ofZanskar, he became thesecond governor of Leh under Maharaja Gulab Singh.
In 1821, whenGulab Singh, the Raja of Jammu under theSikh Empire, conqueredKishtwar, Basti Ram joined his service and was soon under GeneralZorawar Singh.[2] At a rank of Colonel, he led Zorawar Singh'sJangi Fauj, later reorganised and renamed as the Fateh Shibji force[a] from 1834 to 1841.[4] Fateh Shibji went on to become the 4th Battalion of theJammu and Kashmir Rifles Regiment (it retains the historic name Fateh Shibji).[4] Major GeneralG. D. Bakshi wrote in 2002 that Basti Ram was a "tactician par excellence" and that he "should be a role model for Indian battalion commanders".[5]
Basti Ram was one of the main officers ofZorawar's force and played a crucial role at multiple locations of the conquest ofLadakh which started in 1834. He led an attack that resulted in the capture of the Fort of Sod/Soth (inKargil) and subsequently theGyalpo.[7] The assault included crossing theIndus River on inflated goatskins.[8] During the conquest of Baltistan, which started during the end of 1840, he found a way to cross a river that had caused Zorawar's army to halt for over a month in the cold and snow.[9] For this innovation, Zorawar Singh gifted Basti Ram Rs. 500 and a pair of gold bangles.[b][11] Basti Ram was also present during the capture ofSkardu.[12]
After Zorawar Singh's forces captured Western Tibet, Basti Ram was appointed the governor ofTaklakot (Burang).[13] Soon afterwards, the Tibetans launched a counterattack during winter. Zorawar Singh was killed on 12 December 1941 and his army defeated.[14] The men stationed at Taklakot fled to the British province ofKumaon.[15] Basti Ram escaped toAlmora where the British commissioner gave him shelter.[16] By the autumn of 1846, Basti Ram was appointed thethanadar ofZanskar and "one of the confidential servants of Maharaja Gulab Sing.[17]
Basti Ram provided one of the earliest written accounts of the Dogra conquest of Ladakh and beyond, twelve years after the events. While the original version was lost,Alexander Cunningham had re-written Basti Ram's account based on a dictation by Basti Ram himself.[1][18]August Hermann Francke notes that Basti Ram may have exaggerated the enemy numbers at certain locations.[19]
Basti Ram was appointed the thanadar of Leh between 1847 and 1861.[20] At the time there were four thanadars for Ladakh, in Zanskar, Kargil, Dras and Nubra.[20] All the thanadars had military and civil authority in their districts and were accountable directly to the Maharaja.[20]Alexander Cunningham estimated that Basti Ram's income would have been a "respectable" Rs.18,000 annually, (roughly £1,800 a year).[21] Lieutenant ColonelHenry Torrens, who passed through Ladakh in 1862, noted that Basti Ram had retired to his home in Kishtawar on account of old age, and a successor had not yet been appointed by the Maharaja".[22] Instead, Torrens met theKahlon[c] of Leh, the "nominal governor", who got little respect from the Sikhs [Dogras].[24]
Basti Ram was born in the Mehta family fromKishtwar. His grandfather had been in charge of military affairs under the last Kishtwar ruler Mohammad Teg Singh.[2][25] Basti Ram's sonMehta Mangal succeeded him as Governor of Ladakh.[26]
Basti Ram's great-granddaughter wasKrishna Mehta, who went on to become the first woman member of parliament from Jammu and Kashmir. Krishna Mehta had been married to Duni Chand Mehta who was appointed as thewazir-e-wazarat ofMuzaffarabad. In October 1947, Duni Chand was killed byPashtun tribal militias,[27] and Krishna Mehta was taken prisoner and eventually repatriated by Pakistan. Krishna Mehta's brother Om Mehta served as aMinister of State for Home Affairs inIndira Gandhi's government in 1976. Another younger brother Ved Mehta was at one time the president of Chamber of Commerce and Industry Jammu.[28] Other family members and descendants include Mehta Jagat Ram, RS Mehta, SS Mehta, KS Mehta, Kusum Mehta, Sarla Mehta and Anil Mehta. Mehta Jagat Ram was a respected forest officer and later a Forest Lessee in Kishtwar along with his son Krishan Mehta. RS Mehta was a renowned lawyer who did his law from Gawyer Hall Delhi University. SS Mehta was a renowned economist from Delhi School of Economics and was a visiting professor at Harvard. He later retired as Director IIFT.
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