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Bangsa Mëranaw ماراناو | |
|---|---|
 A group of the Maranao people performing the Singkil dance | |
| Total population | |
| 1,800,130 (2020 census)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Philippines(Bangsamoro,Soccsksargen,Zamboanga Peninsula,Northern Mindanao,Manila,Cebu) | |
| Languages | |
| Native Maranao Also Filipino • Cebuano • English | |
| Religion | |
| PredominantlySunni Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Iranun,Maguindanaon,Tiruray Lumad,Tausūg,Visayan, other Moros, otherFilipinos, otherAustronesian peoples |
TheMaranao people (Maranao:BangsaMëranaw;Filipino:mgaMaranaw[2]), also spelledMeranaw,Maranaw, andMëranaw, is a predominantlyMuslimFilipinoethnic group native to the region aroundLanao Lake in the island ofMindanao. They are known for their artwork, weaving, wood, plastic and metal crafts and epic literature, theDarangen. They are ethnically and culturally closely related to theIranun people andMaguindanao people, all three groups being denoted speakingDanao languages and giving name to the island ofMindanao. They are grouped with otherMoro people due to their shared religion.
The name "Maranao" (also spelled "Mëranaw", or "Maranaw") means "people of the lake" (lanaw orranaw,archaicdanaw, means "lake" in theMaranao language). This is in reference toLake Lanao, the predominant geographic feature of the ancestral homeland of the Maranao people.[3]
The originalendonym of the ancestral Maranao is believed to be "Iranaoan".[4][5] This group later diverged, resulting in the modernMaguindanaon and theIranun people (whose names can also be translated to "people of the lake"),[6] while the ancestral Iranaoan who stayed in Lake Lanao became known as the Maranao. These three ethnic groups are still related to each other, share similar cultures and speak languages belonging to theDanao language family.[4][5]
The Maranao were the last of the Muslims of the Southern Philippines undergoingIslamization, primarily under the influence of the Arab-Malay missionaries likeSharif Kabungsuan and other fromBorneo.
Like neighboringMoros and theLumads, during the nominal occupation of the Philippines by the Spanish, and later the American and the Japanese, the Maranao had tribal leaders calleddatu. In the 16th century, upon the arrival ofIslam, they developed into kingdoms withsultans due to the influence of Muslim missionaries.
Maranao culture can be characterized by:
Maranao culture is centered around Lake Lanao, the largestlake in Mindanao, and second-largest and deepest lake in the Philippines. Lanao is the subject of various myths and legends. It supports a major fishery, and powers thehydroelectric plant installed on it; the Agus River system generates 70% of the electricity used by the people of Mindanao. A commanding view of the lake is offered by Marawi City, the provincial capital.
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Sarimanok,Papanok a"Məra" or"Marapatik" is a legendary bird of the Maranao that is a ubiquitous symbol of their art. It is depicted as aHoodhud(Arabic) with colorful wings and feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons. The head of Sarimanok is like the head of aHoopoe (Balalatoc in maranaw) and is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf and spiral motifs (okir). It is a symbol of good fortune.[9][10]
The Maranao have also developed their own adaptation of theRamayana epic, theMaharadia Lawana. They also have a traditional dance, theSingkil, which was based on another local Ramayana adaptation, theDarangən.
Traditional Maranao architecture, like elsewhere in thePhilippines and at largemaritime Southeast Asia, follows the Austronesian framework of wooden structures on piles, divided in three tiers pertaining to social class:torogan of royalty,mala a walay of lesser nobility, and the commonlawig analogous to thebahay kubo.
Maranaokulintang music is a type of agong music.Sarunaay is also found among both Muslim and non-Muslim groups of the Southern Philippines.Kobbing is a Maranao instrument andBiyula is another popular Instrument. Biyula is a string instrument. In 2005, the Darangen Epic of the Maranao people of Lake Lanao was selected byUNESCO as aMasterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
Maranao cuisine is spicier compared to most regions elsewhere in the Philippines, a trait largely shared with much of Mindanao. Traditionally cultivated spices, locally known aspalapa(Bontang, native product of Gandamatu) are a commoncondiment.[11] It is made of stewedsakurab scallion bulbs,ginger, andchillies incoconut oil.[12]
Dishes are intertwined with important cultural rituals across all aspects of Maranao culture: from birth to death.[13]
Traditionally, Maranao society is divided into two strata. Namely,mapiyatao (pure) andkasilidan (mixed blood).kasilidan is further subdivided into categories which are as follows;sarowang (non-Maranao),balbal (beast),dagamot (Sorcerer/Sorceress) andbisaya (Slave). Themapiyatao are natives entitled to ascend to thrones by pure royal bloodline. On the other hand, thekasilidan are natives suspected of mixed bloodline. However, due to the changes brought by time, these social strata are beginning to decline due to the rise of wealth of each and every Maranao families.
Maranaos number 1,800,000 in 2020, representing 1.65% of the population.[14] Along with the Iranun and Maguindanao, the Maranao are one of three, related, indigenous groups native to Mindanao. These groups share genes, linguistic and cultural ties to non-Muslim Lumad groups such as theTiruray orSubanon. Maranao royals have varied infusions of Arab, Indian, Malay, and Chinese ancestry
Maranao is anAustronesian language spoken by the Maranao people in the provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur.[15] Because of the mass influx ofCebuano migrants to Mindanao, many Maranaos are also fluent in Cebuano. Tagalog is also spoken by the Maranaos, which ranks second among its native language, along with English, and Arabic due to its importance toIslam and Maranao culture.
Ethnic groups in the Philippines
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Media related toMaranao people at Wikimedia Commons| National | |
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