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| Developer | IPK Minavtoproma, DEMOS Co-operative |
|---|---|
| OS family | Version 6 Unix |
| Working state | Discontinued |
| Initial release | 1983; 42 years ago (1983) |
| Final release | RL 1.2 / 1986; 39 years ago (1986) |
| Kernel type | Monolithic |
MNOS (MobilNaya Operatsionnaya Sistema,МобильНая Операционная Система (МНОС), orPortable Operating System) is aUnix-likeoperating system developed in theSoviet Union.
The system is derived fromVersion 6 Unix and then modified to incorporate features ofBerkeley Software Distribution (BSD) Unix. From 1983 until 1986, it enjoyed popularity in the Soviet Union and otherEastern Bloc countries, due to its small size and faster performance than that of otherVersion 7 Unix (and later BSD Unix-based) alternatives.[citation needed]
Its development began in the IPK Minavtoproma[1] inMoscow in 1981, and continued in cooperation with other institutes, includingKurchatov Institute.MNOS and its alternative,DEMOS version 1.x, were gradually merged from 1986 until 1990 resulting in the joint OS,DEMOS version 2.x.MNOS became the first fully bilingual version of Unix, and uses a proprietary 8-bitCyrillic script character set, U-code, which was dropped in favor ofKOI-8 in the process of merging withDEMOS.
The origin of the version qualifierRL isRabochaya Loshadka (The working horsy)[citation needed]
At that time, the IPK department of the Ministry of Automotive Industry (under the leadership of Davidov) was developing a competing version - MNOS
