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List of governors of Texas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thegovernor of Texas is thechief executive officer of theU.S. state ofTexas and the commander in chief of the state’s military forces. The incumbent, Greg Abbott, is the forty-eighth governor to serve in the office sinceTexas' statehood in 1845.

When compared to those of other states, the governorship of Texas has been described as one of relative weakness.[1][2] In some respects, it is thelieutenant governor of Texas, who presides over theTexas Senate, who possesses greater influence to exercise their prerogatives.[1][2]

Rick Perry is the longest-serving governor, having assumed the governorship in 2000 upon the exit ofGeorge W. Bush, who resigned to take office as the 43rdpresident of the United States. Perry was elected in 2002 and he was re-elected in 2006 and 2010 serving for 14 years before choosing to retire in 2014.

Allan Shivers assumed the governorship upon the death ofBeauford Jester in July 1949 and was elected in 1950 and re-elected in 1952 and 1954, serving for7+1⁄2 years, making him the third longest serving governor before choosing to retire in 1956.Price Daniel was elected to the governorship in 1956 and re-elected in 1958 and 1960 before losing his re-election for an unprecedented fourth term in the 1962 Democratic primary, missing the runoff.John Connally was elected in 1962 and re-elected in 1964 and 1966 before choosing to retire in 1968, leaving office on January 21, 1969.Bill Clements served two non-consecutive four-year terms, having been elected in 1978 but lost re-election in 1982 before winning re-election in 1986, choosing to retire in 1990, previously held the record as the second longest-serving governor: both of Shivers and Clements' records were surpassed by Perry.

Current governorGreg Abbott was elected in 2014 and re-elected in 2018 and again in 2022. He is the second longest-serving governor and on track to serve 12 years by January 19, 2027. He is currently seeking re-election to an unprecedented fourth term in 2026, which if completed, by January 21, 2031, will make him the state's longest-serving governor, surpassing Perry's 14 years.

Governors

[edit]
For the period before annexation, seeList of Texas governors and presidents.

Texas wasannexed by theUnited States andadmitted to the Union on December 29, 1845.[3]

The governor is inaugurated on the third Tuesday of January every four years along with the lieutenant governor, and serves a term of four years. Prior to the present laws, in 1845, the state's first constitution established the office of governor, serving a term of two years, but no more than four years of every six.[4] The 1861 constitution, followingsecession from the Union, established the first Monday of November following election as the term's start.[5] Following the end of theAmerican Civil War, the 1866 constitution increased term length to four years, limiting overall service to no more than eight years of every twelve, moving the term's start to the first Thursday following organization of the legislature, or "as soon thereafter as practicable."[6] The constitution of 1869, enacted duringReconstruction, removed term limitations,[7] to this day making Texas one of sixteen states, territory or jurisdiction (including the U.S. TerritoryPuerto Rico and theDistrict of Columbia[8] with nolimit on gubernatorial terms. The present constitution of 1876 returned terms to two years,[9] but a 1972 amendment again returned them to four.[10]

In the case of a vacancy in the office, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.[11] Prior to a 1999 amendment, the lieutenant governor only acted as governor until the expiration of the term to which he succeeded.[12][13] The governor and the lieutenant governor are not officially elected on the same ticket.

Governors of the State of Texas
No.GovernorTerm in officePartyElectionLt. Governor[a]
1 J. Pinckney Henderson
(1808–1858)
[14][15]		February 19, 1846[16]
–
December 21, 1847
(did not run)[14]		Democratic[17]1845 Albert Clinton Horton[b]
2George Tyler Wood
(1795–1858)
[18][19]		December 21, 1847[20]
–
December 21, 1849
(lost election)		Democratic[17]1847John Alexander Greer
3Peter Hansborough Bell
(1810–1898)
[21][22]		December 21, 1849[23]
–
November 23, 1853
(resigned)[c]		Democratic[17]1849
1851James W. Henderson
4James W. Henderson
(1817–1880)
[25]		November 23, 1853[26]
–
December 21, 1853
(successor took office)		Democratic[17]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
5Elisha M. Pease
(1812–1883)
[27][28]		December 21, 1853[29]
–
December 21, 1857
(term-limited)[d]		Democratic[17]1853David Catchings Dickson
1855Hardin Richard Runnels
6Hardin Richard Runnels
(1820–1873)
[31][32]		December 21, 1857[33]
–
December 21, 1859
(lost election)		Democratic[17]1857Francis Lubbock
7Sam Houston
(1793–1863)
[34][35]		December 21, 1859[36]
–
March 16, 1861
(removed)[e]		Independent[17]1859Edward Clark
8Edward Clark
(1815–1880)
[37][38]		March 16, 1861[39]
–
November 7, 1861
(lost election)		Democratic[17]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
9Francis Lubbock
(1815–1905)
[40][41]		November 7, 1861[42]
–
November 5, 1863
(did not run)		Democratic[17]1861John McClannahan Crockett
10Pendleton Murrah
(d. 1865)
[43][44]		November 5, 1863[45]
–
June 17, 1865
(office vacated)[f]		Democratic[17]1863Fletcher Stockdale
11Andrew Jackson Hamilton
(1815–1875)
[51][52]		June 17, 1865[53]
–
August 9, 1866
(successor took office)		Military governor
appointed by President		Vacant
12James W. Throckmorton
(1825–1894)
[54][55]		August 9, 1866[56]
–
July 30, 1867
(removed)[g]		Democratic[17]1866George Washington Jones
13Elisha M. Pease
(1812–1883)
[27][28]		July 30, 1867[57]
–
September 30, 1869
(resigned)[h]		Installed by
military occupation		Vacant
—Vacant
[50]		September 30, 1869
–
January 8, 1870		Office vacated
after resignation
14Edmund J. Davis
(1827–1883)
[58][59]		January 8, 1870[60]
–
January 15, 1874
(lost election)		Republican[17]1869
15Richard Coke
(1829–1897)
[61][62]		January 15, 1874[63]
–
December 1, 1876
(resigned)[i]		Democratic[17]1873Richard B. Hubbard
1876
16Richard B. Hubbard
(1832–1901)
[64][65]		December 1, 1876[66]
–
January 21, 1879
(did not run)		Democratic[17]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
17Oran Milo Roberts
(1815–1898)
[67][68]		January 21, 1879[69]
–
January 16, 1883
(did not run)		Democratic[17]1878Joseph D. Sayers
1880Leonidas Jefferson Storey
18John Ireland
(1827–1896)
[70][71]		January 16, 1883[72]
–
January 18, 1887
(did not run)		Democratic[17]1882Francis Marion Martin
1884Barnett Gibbs
19Lawrence Sullivan Ross
(1838–1898)
[73][74]		January 18, 1887[75]
–
January 20, 1891
(did not run)		Democratic[17]1886Thomas Benton Wheeler
1888
20Jim Hogg
(1851–1906)
[76][77]		January 20, 1891[78]
–
January 15, 1895
(did not run)		Democratic[17]1890George C. Pendleton
1892Martin McNulty Crane
21Charles A. Culberson
(1855–1925)
[79][80]		January 15, 1895[81]
–
January 17, 1899
(did not run)		Democratic[17]1894George Taylor Jester
1896
22Joseph D. Sayers
(1841–1929)
[82][83]		January 17, 1899[84]
–
January 20, 1903
(did not run)[82]		Democratic[17]1898James Browning
1900
23S. W. T. Lanham
(1846–1908)
[85][86]		January 20, 1903[87]
–
January 15, 1907
(did not run)[85]		Democratic[17]1902George D. Neal
1904
24Thomas Mitchell Campbell
(1856–1923)
[88][89]		January 15, 1907[90]
–
January 17, 1911
(did not run)[88]		Democratic[17]1906Asbury Bascom Davidson
1908
25Oscar Branch Colquitt
(1861–1940)
[91][92]		January 17, 1911[93]
–
January 19, 1915
(did not run)[91]		Democratic[17]1910
1912William Harding Mayes
26James E. Ferguson
(1871–1944)
[94][95]		January 19, 1915[96]
–
September 22, 1917
(impeached and removed)[j]		Democratic[17]1914William P. Hobby
1916
27William P. Hobby
(1878–1964)
[98][99]		September 22, 1917[k]
–
January 18, 1921
(did not run)[98]		Democratic[17]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
1918Willard Arnold Johnson
28Pat Morris Neff
(1871–1952)
[102][103]		January 18, 1921[104]
–
January 20, 1925
(did not run)[102]		Democratic[17]1920Lynch Davidson
1922Thomas Whitfield Davidson
29Miriam A. Ferguson
(1875–1961)
[105][106]		January 20, 1925[107]
–
January 18, 1927
(lost nomination)[105]		Democratic[17]1924Barry Miller
30Dan Moody
(1893–1966)
[108][109]		January 18, 1927[110]
–
January 20, 1931
(did not run)[108]		Democratic[17]1926
1928
31Ross S. Sterling
(1875–1949)
[111][112]		January 20, 1931[113]
–
January 17, 1933
(lost nomination)[111]		Democratic[17]1930Edgar E. Witt
32Miriam A. Ferguson
(1875–1961)
[105][106]		January 17, 1933[114]
–
January 15, 1935
(did not run)[105]		Democratic[17]1932
33James Burr V Allred
(1899–1959)
[115][116]		January 15, 1935[117]
–
January 17, 1939
(did not run)[115]		Democratic[17]1934Walter Frank Woodul
1936
34W. Lee O'Daniel
(1890–1969)
[118][119]		January 17, 1939[120]
–
August 4, 1941
(resigned)[l]		Democratic[17]1938Coke R. Stevenson
1940
35Coke R. Stevenson
(1888–1975)
[121][122]		August 4, 1941[123]
–
January 21, 1947
(did not run)		Democratic[17]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
1942John Lee Smith
1944
36Beauford H. Jester
(1893–1949)
[124][125]		January 21, 1947[126]
–
July 11, 1949
(died in office)		Democratic[17]1946Allan Shivers
1948
37Allan Shivers
(1907–1985)
[127][128]		July 11, 1949[129]
–
January 15, 1957
(did not run)[127]		Democratic[17]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
1950Ben Ramsey
1952
1954
38Price Daniel
(1910–1988)
[130][131]		January 15, 1957[132]
–
January 15, 1963
(lost nomination)[130]		Democratic[17]1956
1958
1960
Vacant
39John Connally
(1917–1993)
[133][134]		January 15, 1963[135]
–
January 21, 1969
(did not run)[133]		Democratic[17]1962Preston Smith
1964
1966
40Preston Smith
(1912–2003)
[136][137]		January 21, 1969[138]
–
January 16, 1973
(lost nomination)		Democratic[17]1968Ben Barnes
1970
41Dolph Briscoe
(1923–2010)
[139][140]		January 16, 1973[141]
–
January 16, 1979
(lost nomination)[m]		Democratic[17]1972William P. Hobby Jr.
1974
42Bill Clements
(1917–2011)
[142]		January 16, 1979[143]
–
January 18, 1983
(lost election)		Republican[142]1978
43Mark White
(1940–2017)
[144]		January 18, 1983[145]
–
January 20, 1987
(lost election)		Democratic[144]1982
44Bill Clements
(1917–2011)
[142]		January 20, 1987[146]
–
January 15, 1991
(did not run)		Republican[142]1986
45Ann Richards
(1933–2006)
[147]		January 15, 1991[148]
–
January 17, 1995
(lost election)		Democratic[147]1990Bob Bullock
46George W. Bush
(b. 1946)
[149]		January 17, 1995[150]
–
December 21, 2000
(resigned)[n]		Republican[149]1994
1998Rick Perry
47Rick Perry
(b. 1950)
[151]		December 21, 2000[152]
–
January 20, 2015
(did not run)		Republican[151]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Bill Ratliff
2002David Dewhurst
2006
2010
48Greg Abbott
(b. 1957)
[153]		January 20, 2015[154]
–
Incumbent[o]		Republican[153]2014Dan Patrick
2018
2022

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  2. ^Horton acted as governor from May 19 to November 15, 1846, while Henderson was out of state commanding troops in Mexico.[17]
  3. ^Bell resigned, having beenelected to theUnited States House of Representatives.[17][24]
  4. ^Under the 1845 constitution, governors were ineligible to serve more than four years in any term of six years.[30]
  5. ^Houston refused to take the oath of allegiance to theConfederate States of America, so the secession convention declared the office vacant.[34]
  6. ^Murrah fled for Mexico around June 11, during the collapse of the Confederacy, dying there two months later.[43] Some sources list Lieutenant GovernorFletcher Stockdale as succeeding him and serving from June 11, to either June 16, whenAndrew Jackson Hamilton was appointed military governor,[46][47] or July 25, when Hamilton arrived in Austin.[48] However, some historians disagree on if the office formally transferred to Stockdale,[49] and he is noted in the 2004-2005Texas Almanac as only "having performed some duties of office."[50]
  7. ^Throckmorton was removed from office by GeneralCharles Griffin for being an "impediment toreconstruction," and Pease was installed in his place.[54]
  8. ^Pease resigned due to disagreements with GeneralJoseph J. Reynolds.[27]
  9. ^Coke resigned, having beenelected to theUnited States Senate.[61]
  10. ^Ferguson wasimpeachment and convicted for mismanagement of funds.[94] Modern sources say he resigned before the trial was complete, but contemporary news shows he still maintained his office and refused to resign.[97]
  11. ^Hobby became acting governor upon Ferguson's impeachment on August 24;[100] Ferguson was convicted and removed on September 22.[101]
  12. ^O'Daniel resigned, having beenelected to theUnited States Senate.[119]
  13. ^Briscoe lost the Democratic nomination toJohn Luke Hill.
  14. ^Bush resigned, having beenelectedPresident of the United States.
  15. ^Abbott's third term began on January 17, 2023,[155] andwill expire on January 19, 2027.

References

[edit]
General
Specific
  1. ^abSuellentrop, Chip (January 5, 2000)."Is George W. Bush a "Weak" Governor?". Slate Magazine - Explainer. RetrievedJanuary 25, 2010.
  2. ^abIvins, Molly; Lou Dubose (2000).Shrub: The Short But Happy Political Life of George W. Bush. New York: Vintage Books. pp. xii–xiii.ISBN 0-375-75714-7.
  3. ^9 Stat. 108
  4. ^1845 Const. Art V sec 4
  5. ^1861 Const. art V sec 12
  6. ^1866 Const. art V sec 4
  7. ^1869 Const. Art IV sec 4
  8. ^Executive BranchArchived 2011-06-29 at theWayback Machine retrieved 23-October-2008
  9. ^TX Const. Art IV sec 4
  10. ^Texas Politics - The Executive BranchArchived 2009-02-11 at theWayback Machine. Texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-15.
  11. ^TX Const. art IV sec 16 graf d
  12. ^Under the 1861 constitution, law provided that the lieutenant governor would be "styled Governor of those state of Republicans" in case of vacancy.
  13. ^1861 Const art V sec 12
  14. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1515.
  15. ^"James Pinckney Henderson".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  16. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the Senate. 1st general assembly,15, accessed July 9, 2023
  17. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalamanaoKallenbach 1977, pp. 570–572.
  18. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1516.
  19. ^"George T. Wood".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  20. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the Senate. 2nd Legislature,40, accessed July 9, 2023
  21. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1516–1517.
  22. ^"Peter Hansborough Bell".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  23. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the Senate. 3rd Legislature,273, accessed July 9, 2023
  24. ^"Later from Texas".The Times-Picayune. August 18, 1853. p. 2. RetrievedJuly 9, 2023.
  25. ^Kemp, L. W."Henderson, James Wilson".Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJuly 9, 2023.
  26. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the Senate. 5th Legislature,78, accessed July 9, 2023
  27. ^abcSobel 1978, p. 1517.
  28. ^ab"Elisha Marshall Pease".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  29. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the Senate. 5th Legislature, Part II,1, accessed July 9, 2023
  30. ^"1845 Texas Const. art. V, § 4".www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. RetrievedDecember 20, 2023.
  31. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1518.
  32. ^"Hardin Richard Runnels".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  33. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the Senate. 7th Legislature,244, accessed July 9, 2023
  34. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1518–1519.
  35. ^"Samuel Houston".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  36. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the Senate. 8th Legislature,169, accessed July 9, 2023
  37. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1519–1520.
  38. ^"Edward Clark".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  39. ^"Houston removed March 16".Baton Rouge Tri-Weekly Gazette and Comet. March 30, 1861. p. 8. RetrievedJuly 10, 2023.
  40. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1520–1521.
  41. ^"Francis Richard Lubbock".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  42. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the Senate. 9th Legislature,14, accessed July 9, 2023
  43. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1521.
  44. ^"Pendleton Murrah".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  45. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the Senate. 10th Legislature,47, accessed July 9, 2023
  46. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1521–1522.
  47. ^"Fletcher Summerfield Stockdale".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  48. ^"No title".The Brownsville Herald. August 8, 1941. p. 8. RetrievedJuly 10, 2023.
  49. ^Carroll, H. Bailey (1946)."Texas Collection".The Southwestern Historical Quarterly.49 (3):445–446.ISSN 0038-478X.
  50. ^abTexas Almanac, 2004-2005, p. 427, hosted byThe Portal to Texas History, accessed July 9, 2023.
  51. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1522–1523.
  52. ^"Andrew Jackson Hamilton".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  53. ^Andrew Johnson, Proclamation 139—Reorganizing a Constitutional Government in Texas Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project, accessed July 9, 2023
  54. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1523.
  55. ^"James Webb Throckmorton".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  56. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 11th Legislature,25, accessed July 9, 2023
  57. ^"Throckmorton replaced with Pease July 30".The Daily Standard. Raleigh, North Carolina: 2. August 1, 1867.
  58. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1524.
  59. ^"Edmund Jackson Davis".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  60. ^"Texas".The Times-Picayune. January 18, 1870. p. 2. RetrievedJuly 10, 2023.
  61. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1524–1525.
  62. ^"Richard Coke".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  63. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 14th Legislature,7, accessed July 9, 2023
  64. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1525–1526.
  65. ^"Richard Bennett Hubbard".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  66. ^"Resignation of Gov. Coke and Installation of His Successor".The Galveston Daily News. December 2, 1876. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 10, 2023.
  67. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1526–1527.
  68. ^"Oran Milo Roberts".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  69. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 16th Legislature,106, accessed July 9, 2023
  70. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1527.
  71. ^"John Ireland".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  72. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 18th Legislature,38, accessed July 9, 2023
  73. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1528.
  74. ^"Lawrence Sullivan Ross".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  75. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 20th Legislature,64, accessed July 9, 2023
  76. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1528–1529.
  77. ^"James Stephen Hogg".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  78. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 22nd Legislature,6, accessed July 9, 2023
  79. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1529–1530.
  80. ^"Charles Allen Culberson".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  81. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 24th Legislature,44, accessed July 9, 2023
  82. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1530.
  83. ^"Joseph Draper Sayers".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  84. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 26th Legislature,82, accessed July 9, 2023
  85. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1530–1531.
  86. ^"Samuel Willis Tucker Lanham".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  87. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 28th Legislature,104, accessed July 9, 2023
  88. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1531–1532.
  89. ^"Thomas Mitchell Campbell".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  90. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 30th Legislature,109, accessed July 9, 2023
  91. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1532.
  92. ^"Oscar Branch Colquitt".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  93. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 32nd Legislature,137, accessed July 9, 2023
  94. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1532–1533.
  95. ^"James Edward Ferguson".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  96. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 34th Legislature,125, accessed July 9, 2023
  97. ^"Ferguson Had Opportunity to Resign but He Declined".The Houston Post. September 22, 1917. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 10, 2023.
  98. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1534.
  99. ^"William Pettus Hobby".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  100. ^"Formal and Official Shift Governor's Office to W. P. Hobby".The Waco Times-Herald. Associated Press. August 25, 1917. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 10, 2023.
  101. ^"Governor Is Impeached by Vote of 27–4".El Paso Times. Associated Press. September 23, 1917. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 10, 2023.
  102. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1534–1535.
  103. ^"Pat Morris Neff".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  104. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 37th Legislature,148, accessed July 9, 2023
  105. ^abcdSobel 1978, p. 1535.
  106. ^ab"Miriam Amanda Ferguson".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  107. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 39th Legislature,98, accessed July 9, 2023
  108. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1536.
  109. ^"Daniel J. Moody".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  110. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 40th Legislature,81, accessed July 9, 2023
  111. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1536–1537.
  112. ^"Ross S. Sterling".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  113. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 42nd Legislature,74, accessed July 9, 2023
  114. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 43rd Legislature,98, accessed July 9, 2023
  115. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1537–1538.
  116. ^"James V. Allred".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  117. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 44th Legislature,93, accessed July 9, 2023
  118. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1538.
  119. ^ab"Wilbert Lee O'Daniel".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  120. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 46th Legislature,100, accessed July 9, 2023
  121. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1538–1539.
  122. ^"Coke R. Stevenson".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  123. ^"Stevenson Is New Governor of Texas".Big Spring Daily Herald. Associated Press. August 4, 1941. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 10, 2023.
  124. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1539.
  125. ^"Beauford Halbert Jester".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  126. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 50th Legislature,60, accessed July 9, 2023
  127. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1539–1540.
  128. ^"Allan Shivers".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  129. ^"Gov. Jester Found Dead in Pullman Berth at Houston".Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Associated Press. July 11, 1949. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 10, 2023.
  130. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1540–1541.
  131. ^"Price Daniel".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
  132. ^Texas Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 55th Legislature,64, accessed July 9, 2023
  133. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 1541–1542.
  134. ^"John Bowden Connally".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 5, 2023.
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