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List of Mississippian sites

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Main article:Mississippian culture
A map showing approximate areas of various Mississippian and related cultures (c. 800-1500 CE)

This is a list of Mississippian sites. TheMississippian culture was amound-buildingNative American culture that flourished in what is now theMidwestern, inland-Eastern, andSoutheasternUnited States from approximately 800CE to 1500CE, varying regionally.[1] Its core area, along theMississippi River and its major tributaries, stretched from sites such asCahokia in modern Illinois, the largest of all the Mississippian sites, toMound Bottom in Tennessee, to theWinterville site in the state of Mississippi. The typical form were earthworkplatform mounds, with flat tops, often the sites for temples or elite residences. Other mounds were built in conical or ridge-top forms. The culture reached peoples in settlements across the continent: Temple mound complexes were constructed also in areas ranging fromAztalan in Wisconsin toCrystal River in Florida, and fromFort Ancient, now in Ohio, toSpiro in Oklahoma. Mississippian cultural influences extended as far north and west as modern North Dakota.[2]

SiteImageStateDescription
Adams siteKentuckyLocated nearHickman inFulton County, Kentucky, it consists of a 7.25-hectare (17.9-acre) village area built over the remains of aLate Woodland village with a central group of platform mounds around a central plaza and another smaller plaza area to the southwest of the largest mound, occupied during the Medley(1100 to 1300 CE) and Jackson(1300 to 1500 CE) Phases of the local chronology.[3]
Adamson Mounds SiteSouth CarolinaLocated near Camden, Kershaw County, South Carolina. It is a prehistoric Native American village site containing one large platform mound, a smaller mound, possibly a third still smaller mound, and a burial area.Lamar, Irene, orPee Dee and dates between 1400 and 1700 CE.[4]
Angel MoundsAngel MoundsIndianaA chiefdom in southernIndiana nearEvansville. The large complex along the Ohio River had thirteen mounds and a population estimated at 1,000. It was the center of associated settlements.
Annis Mound and Village SiteArtist's conception of the Annis Mound and Village SiteKentuckyA Middle Mississippian single mound and village site located on the bank of theGreen River inButler County, Kentucky, several miles northeast of present-dayMorgantown in the Big Bend region.[5]
Ashworth Archaeological SiteAshworth siteIndianaAn archaeological site of the Caborn-Welborn variant of the Mississippian culture.
Avery siteGeorgiaA multi-mound and village site, now destroyed, located inTroup County, Georgia east of theChattahoochee River.[6]
Aztalan State ParkAztalan State ParkWisconsinA small Mississippian chiefdom in Wisconsin, the northern edge of the greater Mississippian culture. The village had one mound.
Battle Mound SiteArkansasLocated inLafayette County, Arkansas in the Great Bend region of theRed River basin, it has the largestmound of theCaddoan Mississippian culture
Beasley Mounds SiteTennesseeAlso known as the Dixon Springs Mound Site, located at the confluence ofDixon Creek and theCumberland River, near the unincorporated community ofDixon Springs inSmith County, Tennessee. More examples ofMississippian stone statuary have been found at this site than any other in the Middle Tennessee area.[7]
Beaverdam Creek Archaeological SiteGeorgiaA single mound and village site, now inundated by the Richard B. Russell Reservoir inElbert County, Georgia, located approximately 0.8 km from the creek's confluence with theSavannah River. Abandoned sometime after 1300 CE.[8]
Belcher Mound SiteLouisianaA Caddoan Mississippian site located inCaddo Parish, Louisiana[9] in the Red River Valley 20 miles north ofShreveport[10] and about one-half mile east of the town ofBelcher, Louisiana.[11]
Bell Field Mound SiteGeorgiaA South Appalachian Mississippian single mound site located on the western bank of theCoosawattee River below the Coosawatee's junction with Talking Rock Creek. The site, along with the Sixtoe Mound and Little Egypt sites, were destroyed by the construction ofCarters Dam in the 1970s.[12]
Biltmore MoundNorth CarolinaA South Appalachian Mississippian platform mound site with a large settlement.
Bottle Creek Indian MoundsBottle CreekAlabamaAn island in theMobile–Tensaw River Delta inBaldwin County, Alabama, containing 18 platform mounds, constructed by thePensacola culture between 1250 and 1550 CE.[13]
Boyd Mounds SiteBoyd Mounds siteMississippiA site from the Late Woodland and later Mississippian culture located inMadison County, Mississippi nearRidgeland. It is located at mile 106.9 on the oldNatchez Trace, now theNatchez Trace Parkway.[14]
Brentwood Library SiteTennesseeAlso known as theJarman Farm Site, it is a village and associated burial area located in Brentwood, Tennessee. It was occupied during theThurston Phase of the local chronology, and artifacts from the site have been radiocarbon dated to 1298 to 1465 CE.[15]
Brick Church Mound and Village SiteTennesseeA multi-mound palisaded village site located inNashville inDavidson County, Tennessee[16]
Bussell IslandTennesseeAn island at the mouth of theLittle Tennessee River inLoudon County, Tennessee, believed to have been the location "Coste," visited by Hernando de Soto and his expedition in 1540. Designated as 40LD17. Mounds and burials were found here.
Caddoan Mounds State Historic SiteTexasAlso known as the George C. Davis Site (41CE19), a Caddoan Mississippian site located inCherokee County, Texas 26 miles west ofNacogdoches, Texas onTexas State Highway 21, near its intersection withU.S. Route 69 in thePiney Woods region of east Texas
CahokiaCahokiaIllinoisNearEast St. Louis, Illinois, Cahokia was the largest and most influential of the Mississippian culture centers and the largest Pre-Columbian settlement north of Mexico. Discoveries found at the massive site, which still has numerous mounds, include the largest Pre-Columbian earthwork in the Americas (Monks Mound), evidence of copper working (Mound 34), astronomy (Cahokia Woodhenge), andritual retainer burials (Mound 72).
Campbell Archeological SiteCampbell siteMissouriThe Campbell Archeological Site ( 23 PM 5), is a site in Southeastern Missouri occupied by the Late Mississippian PeriodNodena phase from 1350 to 1541 CE.
Carcajou Point siteWisconsinThe Carcajou Point site (47JE2, aka the Carcajou site, Carcajou village or White Crow's village) is located inJefferson County, Wisconsin, onLake Koshkonong. It is a multi-component site with prehistoricUpper MississippianOneota andHistoric components.
Castalian Springs Mound SiteCheskiki Mound siteTennesseeInCastalian Springs, Tennessee, the site was once home to a substantial Mississippian-period (1000-1400 CE) village with 12 known mounds at the site.
Chauga MoundSouth CarolinaA South Appalachian Mississippian single mound and village site located on the northern bank of theTugaloo River, 1,200 feet (370 m) north of the mouth of theChauga River inOconee County, South Carolina, now inundated byLake Hartwell.[17] Historic Cherokee were the last occupants of the village, dated to the early eighteenth century.[17]
Chucalissa Indian VillageReconstructed dwellings at the Chucalissa siteTennesseeThe site is aWalls phase Mississippian site dating to the 15th century, now located within the city ofMemphis in WestTennessee. It was occupied, abandoned, and reoccupied several times throughout its history, spanning from 1000 to 1550 CE.
Citico (Hamilton County, Tennessee)TennesseeIn theCoosa confederacy, the site of a largeMississippian mound dating back to the 15th century, located in the city ofChattanooga on Citico Creek. The town was occupied, abandoned and reoccupied several times throughout its history, spanning from 1000 (Muscogee) to 1778 CE (Cherokee).
Cloverdale archaeological siteMissouriAn important archaeological site nearSt. Joseph, Missouri. It is located at the mouth of a small valley that opens into theMissouri River. It was occupied byKansas City Hopewell (ca. 100 to 500 CE) peoples and later by Mississippian-influencedSteed-Kisker peoples (ca. 1200 CE). Because of the many Cahokia-style projectile points found at the site, it is believed to have been a trade partner or outpost of the much larger Cahokia polity.[18]
Crystal River Archaeological State ParkFlorida[2]
Denmark Mound GroupTennesseeMound and village site on a low bluff overlooking Big Black Creek, a tributary of theHatchie River nearDenmark inMadison County, Tennessee. Features include a village with over 70 structures, 2 rectangularplatform mounds, and a small conical burial mound, as well as possible evidence of a surroundingpalisade.[19]
Dickson MoundsDickson MoundsIllinoisA settlement site and burial mound complex nearLewistown, Illinois inFulton County on a low bluff overlooking theIllinois River. The site is named in honor of chiropractor Don Dickson, who began excavating it in 1927 and opened a private museum that formerly operated on the site.[20]
Dyar siteGeorgiaA single mound and village site located inGreene County, Georgia, inhabited almost continuously from 1100 to 1600 CE and now submerged underLake Oconee.[21]
Eaker siteEaker siteMississippiThe site is the largest and most intact Late MississippianNodena phase village site within the Central Mississippi Valley.[22]
Emerald Mound and Village SiteEmerald AcropolisIllinoisA Middle Mississippian period archaeological site located nearLebanon, Illinois. The platform mound is the second-largest Pre-Columbian earthwork in Illinois, after Monk's Mound at Cahokia.
Emerald Mound siteEmerald Mound siteMississippiAPlaquemine Mississippian-period archaeological site located on the Natchez Trace Parkway nearStanton, Mississippi. The site dates from the period between 1200 and 1730 CE. The platform mound is the second-largest Pre-Columbian earthwork in the country, afterMonk's Mound at Cahokia
Emmons Cemetery SiteIllinoisA Middle Mississippian culture site located inKerton Township, Fulton County, Illinois, on the edge of a bluff overlooking theIllinois River to its east. The location was a used as a cemetery and several unique and rare items were found interred with the burials.[23] The burials were in several smallburial mounds located on the lower slope. The cemetery area measures about 50 feet (15 m) square.[24]
Etowah Indian MoundsEtowah Indian MoundsGeorgiaOne of the major Mississippian chiefdoms, belonging to the South Appalachian Mississippian culture, located in northwesternGeorgia, believed by some to be a long-standing antagonist of theMoundville polity.
Fewkes Group Archaeological SiteFewkes Group Archaeological SiteTennesseeLocated in the city ofBrentwood, inWilliamson County, Tennessee. The 15-acre site consists of the remains of a Late Mississippian-culture mound complex and village roughly dating to 1050-1475 CE.[25] The site is on the western bank of theLittle Harpeth River; it has five mounds, some used for burials; others, including the largest, were ceremonial platform mounds.[26]
Fort Walton MoundFort Walton MoundFloridaThe Fort Walton Mound was built about 1300 CE byFort Walton Culture. Located inFort Walton Beach, Florida, in theFlorida Panhandle. The intersection ofState Road 85 andU.S. Route 98 is near the site.
Garden Creek siteNorth CarolinaTwoPisgah phase villages, occupied from 600 to 1200 CE, and three mounds (31Hw1-3) inHaywood County, North Carolina
Grand Village of the NatchezGrand Village of the NatchezMississippiThe main village of theNatchez people, with three mounds. A Plaquemine Mississippian-period archaeological site used and maintained into historic times
Holly Bluff siteHolly Bluff siteMississippiType site for the Lake George phase of thePlaquemine culture, on the southern margin of the Mississippian cultural advance down the Mississippi River, and on the northern edge of theCole's Creek and Plaquemine cultures of the South.
Hoojah Branch SiteGeorgiaA South Appalachian Mississippian single mound and village site located inRabun County, Georgia, about one mile east ofDillard, Georgia in theChattahoochee National Forest.
Hovey Lake-Klein Archeological SiteHovey Lake-KleinIndianaACaborn-Welborn site, located on the west bank of Hovey Lake, a backwater lake near theOhio River close to its confluence with theWabash River. The site was an extensive village, with occupation dating between 1400 and 1650 CE.
Jaketown SiteJaketown siteMississippiA site with two mounds inHumphreys County, Mississippi, dating from roughly 1100 CE to 1500 CE, located alongMississippi Highway 7 approximately seven miles north ofBelzoni. The largest platform mound at the site, Mound B, is 23 feet (7.0 m) in height with a base of 150 feet (46 m) by 200 feet (61 m). It has a projection on its eastern side that is thought to have been a ramp once used as a stairway. To its northeast is Mound C, another platform mound with a height of 15 feet (4.6 m).[27]
Jere Shine siteAlabamaASouth Appalachian Mississippian culture multi-mound and village site located near the confluence of theTallapoosa andCoosa rivers in modernMontgomery County, Alabama, and likely occupied from 1400 to 1550 CE. In addition to its Mississippian-era Shine I-phase, it is the largest settlement associated with the Shine II-phase of the lower Tallapoosa River.[28]
JoaraJoaraNorth CarolinaThe largest chiefdom inNorth Carolina at contact by SpanishJuan Pardo in 1566; also possibly the furthest northeastern Mississippian chiefdom center, nearMorganton
Joe Bell siteJoaraGeorgiaA village site occupied during the localDuvall Phase andBell Phases of the South Appalachian Mississippian period and located south of the mouth of theApalachee River on the western bank of theOconee River; it is now submerged underLake Oconee.[29]
Jordan MoundsJordan MoundsLouisianaA multi-mound site (16 MO 1) inMorehouse Parish, Louisiana nearOak Ridge, Louisiana.[30] The site was constructed during the proto-historic period between 1540 and 1685.[31]
Kincaid Mounds State Historic SiteKincaid Mounds State Historic SiteIllinoisA major Mississippian mound center in southernIllinois, across theOhio River fromPaducah, Kentucky
King Archaeological SiteKing siteGeorgiaA 5 acres (0.020 km2) proto-historic Barnett Phase village located on the western bank of theCoosa River inFloyd County, Georgia. The site was a satellite village associated with the Nixon polity, remnants of theCoosa chiefdom encountered by de Soto in 1540. It was occupied during the mid to late 1500s.[32]
Lamar Mounds and Village SiteGeorgiaType site for theLamar phase, this is located on the banks of theOcmulgee River in a swamp inBibb County, Georgia. It is a few miles to the southeast of Macon and the largeOcmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, of which it is a unit. The national monument and historic district was created in 1936 and is run by theNational Park Service.[33] Historians and archaeologists have theorized that the Lamar site may be the location of the main village of theIchisi, recorded by the Hernando de Soto expedition in 1539.[34]
Letchworth MoundsLetchworth MoundsFloridaAFort Walton CultureFlorida State Park located approximately six miles west ofMonticello, a half mile south ofU.S. 90, in northwesternFlorida. It contains the state's tallest ceremonial mound (46 feet), estimated to have been built 1100 to 1800 years ago.
Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State ParkMound 2 at Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State ParkFloridaThe site is one of the most important sites in Florida, a former chiefdom and ceremonial center of theFort Walton Culture. The complex originally included six mounds, a constructed plaza, and numerous individual village residences. Located in theFlorida Panhandle, it is in northernTallahassee, on the south shore ofLake Jackson.
Liddell Archeological SiteLiddell Archeological SiteAlabamaLocated inWilcox County, Alabama, it covers 50 acres (20 ha) and shows evidence of human occupation from 9000 BCE to 1800 CE. It is best known for its Mississippian artifacts from the Burial Urn Culture period. The Liddell, Stroud, and Hall families donated the site toAuburn University after its discovery.[35]
Little Egypt siteGeorgiaLocated inMurray County, Georgia, near the junction of theCoosawattee River and Talking Rock Creek. It was destroyed in 1972 during construction of thedam ofCarters Lake. It was situated in a flood plain between theRidge and Valley, and Piedmont sections of the state.[36]
Long Swamp SiteGeorgiaLocated inCherokee County, Georgia on the north shore of theEtowah River.St Rt 372 passes by here. The site consists of a South Appalachian Mississippian village with a palisade and a platform mound.[37]
Mandeville siteGeorgiaA multi-mound and village site located inClay County, Georgia and now submerged underWalter F. George Lake, which is a part of theChattahoochee River basin. Occupied during the MiddleWoodland period by EarlySwift Creek culture, and later by peoples of the South Appalachian Mississippian culture.[38]
Mangum Mound SiteMangum MoundMississippiA Plaquemine site inClaiborne County, Mississippi, located at milepost 45.7 on theNatchez Trace Parkway. An avian-themed,repousséMississippian copper plate was discovered there in 1936.[39]
Marshall SiteKentuckyAn Early Mississippian site located nearBardwell inCarlisle County, Kentucky, on a bluff spur overlooking the Mississippi River floodplain. It was occupied from about 900 to about 1300 CE during the James Bayou Phase of the local chronology; it was abandoned sometime during the succeeding Dorena Phase.[40] The large village site has evidence of once having had a platform mound and other earthworks.[41]
Menard–Hodges siteArkansasInArkansas, it includes two large mounds as well as several house mounds, possibly the Province ofAnilco encountered in 1540 by the Hernando de Soto Entrada.[42]
Mitchell Archaeological SiteSouth DakotaA site inDavison County, South Dakota, nearMitchell, South Dakota. Mitchell Site is the only reliably dated site (c. 1000 CE) pertaining to the Lower James River Phase (Initial Variant) of the migration of late Mississippian culture to the Middle Missouri Valley. It is distinctive for its evidence relating mortuary practices to other intra-site practices.
Mound BottomMound BottomTennesseeThe complex inCheatham County, Tennessee consists of ceremonial and burial mounds, a central plaza, and habitation areas, built between 950 and 1300 CE.
Moundville Archaeological SiteMoundville Archaeological SiteAlabamaRanked with Cahokia as one of the two most important sites at the core of the classic Mississippian culture,[43] it is located nearTuscaloosa, Alabama.
Murphy Mound Archeological SiteMurphy MoundMissouriThe Murphy Mound Archeological Site ( 23-PM-43 ), is an archaeological site in Southeastern Missouri occupied from 1350 to 1541 CE.
Nacoochee MoundNacoochee MoundGeorgiaAn earthen mound on the banks of theChattahoochee River inWhite County, in the northeast part of the state ofGeorgia. The junction of GeorgiaHighways 17 and75 is near here.
NikwasiNorth CarolinaA South Appalachian Mississippian single mound and village site that was also the site of a historicCherokee town of the same name, located along theLittle Tennessee River. Present-dayFranklin, North Carolina developed here and has protected the mound.[44]
Nodena siteNodena siteArkansasType site for a Late MississippianNodena phase, which dates from about 1400-1700 CE; believed by many archaeologists to be theprovince ofPacaha, visited by Hernando de Soto in 1542.[42]
Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical ParkOcmulgee National MonumentGeorgiaThe center of a South Appalachian Mississippian chiefdom, this 702 acres (2.84 km2) site near Macon, Georgia, has multiple ceremonial mounds, a burial mound, and defensive trenches remaining. It was also used by descendants who formed the historic the Muskogee-speakingCreek (also known as Muscogee) peoples and continued use of this site.
Old Town Archaeological SiteOld Town Archaeological SiteTennesseeVillage site along theNatchez Trace on the banks of theHarpeth River inFranklin, Tennessee. Occupancy dated from approximately 900 to 1450 CE.
Parkin Archeological State ParkParkin Archeological State ParkArkansasThe type site for the Late MississippianParkin phase, believed by many archaeologists to be the province ofCasqui visited by Hernando de Soto in 1542.[42]
Prather SitePrather siteIndianaLocated on a loess-capped upland ridge 4.9 kilometres (3.0 mi) west of theOhio River and 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi) east of Silver Creek in theFalls of the Ohio region inClark County, Indiana. It was the principal ceremonial center of the Prather Complex, the northeasternmost regional variant of the Middle Mississippian culture. It also bordered on severalUpper Mississippian cultures, including the Fort Ancient peoples of Southern Indiana, Southern Ohio and Northeastern Kentucky.[45]
Punk Rock ShelterGeorgiaA rock shelter found inPutnam County, Georgia; it is now inundated byLake Oconee. The only known site in the Oconee Valley that produced a large collection of vessels from theLamar phase andSavannah Phase.[46]
Rembert MoundsGeorgiaA South Appalachian Mississippian multi-mound and village site located inElbert County, Georgia in the area that was submerged byLake Strom Thurmond, created by damming of theSavannah River.[47]
Riverview Mounds Archaeological SiteTennesseeA Middle Mississippian multi-mound and village site located inMontgomery County, Tennessee, just south of Clarksville on theCumberland River.[48]
Rowlandton Mound SiteRowlandton MoundKentuckyLocated inPaducah inMcCracken County, Kentucky, on the edge of an old oxbow lake a little south of theOhio River. Occupied fromc. 1100 toc. 1350 CE, the 3-hectare (7.4-acre) site has a large platform mound and an associated village area.[49]
Sellars Indian MoundSellars Indian MoundTennesseeA single mound site located nearLebanon, Tennessee, occupied from about 1000 CE until 1300 CE
Shiloh Indian Mounds SiteShiloh Indian Mounds siteTennesseeShiloh Indian Mounds Site is an archaeological site of theSouth Appalachian Mississippian culture. Located beside theTennessee River, it was inhabited from around 1000 CE until it was abandoned in approximately 1450 CE. After the Civil War, theShiloh National Military Park was established around it.[50] Because it has been included within the national military park for so long, it has not been disturbed by modern farming. Remains of the original structures ofwattle and daub are still visible as low rings or mounds. It is one of the few places in the eastern U.S. where such remains are visible.[51][52]
Sixtoe MoundGeorgiaA single mound and village site located inMurray County, Georgia; it was excavated byArthur Randolph Kelly from 1962 to 1965 as a part of theCarters Dam salvage project conducted for theNational Park Service by theUniversity of Georgia. The site was inundated by a reservoir created by the dam.[53]
Slack FarmKentuckySlack Farm is a site of theCaborn-Welborn culture(a Late Mississippian variant) located nearUniontown, Kentucky, close to the confluence of theWabash andOhio rivers. The site included a single platform mound and an extensive village occupation, dating between 1400 and 1650 CE.
Spiro MoundsSpiro MoundsOklahomaLocated in eastern Oklahoma, this is a large complex with multiple mounds. It is one of the best-studied archaeological centers of Mississippian culture; a number of significant artifacts were recovered. But looters had previously attacked the mounds and stolen many artifacts.
Starr Village and Mound GroupIllinoisLocated on a bluff overlookingMacoupin Creek southwest ofCarlinville inMacoupin County, Illinois.[54]
Sugarloaf MoundMissouriThe sole remaining Mississippian platform mound inSt. Louis, Missouri. The mound covers three city blocks, measures approximately 40 feet in height, 100 feet north–south and 75 feet east/west.
Summerour Mound siteGeorgiaA South Appalachian Mississippian single mound and village site located inForsyth County, Georgia, formerly on a floodplain of theChattahoochee River in northern Georgia but now submerged underLake Lanier.[55]
Swallow Bluff Island MoundsTennesseeThe northernmost outpost of the Shiloh polity, located nearSaltillo on an island in theTennessee River inHardin County, Tennessee. The site featured two platform mounds, a plaza, and a village area.[56]
Talley MoundsAlabamaA Woodland and Mississippian settlement site on the banks of Valley Creek near present-dayBessemer, Alabama; it is thought to have supported a population of up to 1,000 inhabitants. It was occupied as early as 5000 years ago. Three earthwork mounds were constructed around 1100 CE by people of the Mississippian culture. The site was described in the 19th century and excavated in the 1930s. It has since been redeveloped.[57]
Taskigi MoundTaskigi Mound and Village siteAlabamaAlso known as theMound at Fort Toulouse – Fort Jackson Park (1EE1), this is aSouth Appalachian Mississippian culturepalisaded mound and village site on a 40 feet (12 m) bluff between theCoosa andTallapoosa rivers. It is located at their confluence forming theAlabama River, near the present-day town ofWetumpka inElmore County,Alabama.[58]
Tolu SiteKentuckyA three-mound site near the unincorporated community ofTolu,Crittenden County, Kentucky. It was built and occupied by people of the Mississippian culture between 1200 and 1450CE.[59] Tolu Site is part of theAngel Phase of the Mississippian period.
Towosahgy State Historic SiteTowosahgy State Historic SiteMissouriA Mississippian chiefdom in southeasternMissouri
Town Creek Indian MoundTown Creek Indian MoundNorth CarolinaA South Appalachian Mississippian chiefdom in North Carolina, generally attributed to the historicPee Dee people
Travellers Rest (Nashville, Tennessee)Travellers RestTennesseeIn 1799, JudgeJohn Overton (1766–1833) built this two-story structure with four rooms on his plantation. Overton originally named his property "Golgotha" because of the numerous prehistoric skulls that were unearthed while the cellar of the house was dug. Overton changed the name of his plantation to Travellers Rest in the early 19th century to reflect the restorative effect of returning to his home after the long rides on horseback that he had to undertake as a circuit judge.[60] In the late 20th century, archaeologists identified the human remains found at the Overton plantation as burials associated with a large Mississippian village site. In 1996 when a modern barn structure was built on the property, 13stone box coffins were discovered. These have also been dated to the Mississippian culture.
Turk SiteKentuckyThis multi-mound site is located near Bardwell inCarlisle County, Kentucky, on a bluff spur overlooking the Mississippi River floodplain. The 2.5-hectare (6.2-acre) site was occupied during the Dorena Phase (1100 to 1300 CE) and into the Medley Phase (1300-1500 CE) of the local chronology.[61] Its inhabitants may have come from theMarshall Site, which is located on the nearest adjacent bluff spur. The layout of the site is characteristically Mississippian, with a number of platform mounds surrounding a plaza.[62][41]
Twin Mounds SiteKentuckyAlso known as the Nolan Site, it is located nearBarlow inBallard County, Kentucky, just north of the confluence of theOhio andMississippi rivers. The site consists of two largeplatform mounds built around a centralplaza, and a large, 2 metres (6.6 ft) thickmidden area.[63]
Ware Mounds and Village SiteWare moundsIllinoisAlso known as theRunning Lake Site(11U31), this is a village site with four platform mounds located west ofWare inUnion County, Illinois.[64]
Welborn Village Archeological SiteIndianaAlso known as the Murphy's Landing Site, this is an archaeological site of the Caborn-Welborn culture.
Wickliffe MoundsWickliffe moundsKentuckyA chiefdom on a bluff top in the far westernKentucky town ofWickliffe
Wilbanks SiteGeorgiaA Late South Appalachian Mississippian single mound and village site inCherokee County, Georgia. It was located about midway between the present-day towns ofCartersville, Georgia to the west, andCanton, Georgia to the east on the south bank of theEtowah River. It was flooded and submerged by the creation ofLake Allatoona after construction of a dam on the river.[65]
Winterville siteWinterville siteMississippiThe type site for the Winterville phase of thePlaquemine Mississippian culture.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Mississippian Period: Overview".New Georgia Encyclopedia. RetrievedApril 7, 2018.
  2. ^abWaldman, Carl (2009).Atlas of the North American Indian. Facts on File. pp. 32.ISBN 978-0-8160-6858-6.
  3. ^Lewis, R. Barry (1996). "Chapter 5:Mississippian Farmers".Kentucky Archaeology. University Press of Kentucky. p. 142.ISBN 0-8131-1907-3.
  4. ^Robert L. Stephenson (March 1970)."Adamson Mounds Site"(PDF).National Register of Historic Places - Nomination and Inventory. RetrievedJune 28, 2014.
  5. ^Lewis, R. Barry (1996)."Chapter 5: Mississippian Farmers".Kentucky Archaeology. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 135–137.ISBN 0-8131-1907-3.
  6. ^Harold, Huscher (1972),The Avery Site : Archaeological Investigations in the West Point Dam Area: A Preliminary Report, vol. 1 of 2, Department of Sociology and Anthropology: University of Georgia{{citation}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  7. ^Kevin E. Smith; James V. Miller (2009).Speaking with the Ancestors-Mississippian Stone Statuary of the Tennessee-Cumberland region.University of Alabama Press. pp. 53–67.ISBN 978-0-8173-5465-7.
  8. ^Anderson, David G. (1996). "Chiefly Cycling and Large-Scale Abandonments as Viewed from the Savannah River Basin". In John F. Scarry (ed.).Political Structure and Change in the Prehistoric Southeastern United States. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. pp. 150–191.
  9. ^"Locality information for Faunmap locality Belcher Mound, LA". Archived fromthe original on August 20, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 22, 2010.
  10. ^"The Caddo Indians of Louisiana". Archived fromthe original on November 9, 2009. RetrievedFebruary 22, 2010.
  11. ^"Historical-Belcher". Archived fromthe original on February 20, 2021. RetrievedFebruary 22, 2010.
  12. ^Kelly, Arthur R,Explorations at Bell Field Mound and Village Seasons 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, University of Georgia Archaeology Laboratory Manuscript
  13. ^"Bottle Creek Site".National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived fromthe original on March 1, 2009. RetrievedOctober 13, 2007.
  14. ^"Indian Mounds of Mississippi : Boyd Mounds Site". NPS.GOV.
  15. ^Lankford, George E.; Reilly, F. Kent; Garber, James F. (January 15, 2011).Visualizing the Sacred: Cosmic Visions, Regionalism, and the Art of the Mississippian World. University of Texas Press. p. 198.ISBN 978-0-292-72308-5.
  16. ^Barker, Gary; Kuttruff, Carl (Summer 2010). Michael C. Moore (ed.)."A Summary of Exploratory and Salvage Archaeological Investigations at the Brick Church Pike Mound Site (40DV39), Davidson County, Tennessee"(PDF).Tennessee Archaeology (Editors Corner).5 (1). Tennessee Council for Professional Archaeology.
  17. ^abHally, David J. (August 1, 1998)."Chauga". In Gibbon, Guy; Kenneth M., Ames (eds.).Archaeology of Prehistoric Native America: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 143–144.ISBN 978-0-8153-0725-9.
  18. ^"Cloverdale Archaeological Site". RetrievedOctober 9, 2009.
  19. ^Scott Hadley Jr. (2013).Multi-Staged Research at the Denmark Site, A Small Early-Middle Mississippian Town (Masters thesis).University of Memphis.
  20. ^"History". State of Illinois. RetrievedOctober 21, 2009.
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  37. ^"Long Swamp site reexamined". The Society for Georgia Archaeology. October 1, 2008. Archived fromthe original on September 3, 2014. RetrievedMarch 4, 2013.
  38. ^John H. Blitz; Karl G. Lorenz (April 28, 2006).The Chattahoochee Chiefdoms. University Alabama Press. p. 55.ISBN 978-0-8173-5277-6.
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  44. ^Duncan, Barbara R.; Riggs, Brett H (2003).Cherokee Heritage Trails Guidebook. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 152–153.ISBN 0-8078-5457-3.
  45. ^Munson, Cheryl Ann; McCullough, Robert G."Topographic mapping and transect survey of the Prather Archaeological site (12-CL-4), Clark County, Indiana"(PDF). Indiana University-Bloomington.
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  54. ^Conrad, Lawrence A. (June 30, 2000)."The Middle Mississippian Cultures of the Central Illinois River Valley". InEmerson, Thomas E.; Lewis, R. Barry (eds.).Cahokia and the Hinterlands: Middle Mississippian Cultures of the Midwest.University of Illinois Press. pp. 90–100.ISBN 978-0-252-06878-2.
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  58. ^"Mound at Fort Toulouse – Fort Jackson Park".University of Alabama.
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  62. ^Lewis, R. Barry (1996). "Chapter 5:Mississippian Farmers".Kentucky Archaeology. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 128–130.ISBN 0-8131-1907-3.
  63. ^Pollack, David (2008),"Chapter 6:Mississippi Period"(PDF), in David Pollack (ed.),The Archaeology of Kentucky: An Update, Kentucky Heritage Council, p. 626, archived fromthe original(PDF) on November 17, 2010, retrievedOctober 29, 2010
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  65. ^Sears, William H. (1958),The Wilbanks Site (9CK-5), Georgia. River Basin Survey Papers 12, Washington D.C.: Bureau of American Ethnology, p. 138

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