List of deities of the Celtic peoples
TheCeltic deities are known from a variety of sources such as writtenCeltic mythology , ancient places of worship, statues, engravings, religious objects, as well as place and personal names.
Celtic deities can belong to two categories: general and local. General deities were known by theCelts throughout large regions, and are the gods and goddesses called upon for protection, healing, luck, and honour. The local deities fromCeltic nature worship were the spirits of a particular feature of the landscape, such as mountains, trees, or rivers, and thus were generally only known by the locals in the surrounding areas.
AfterCeltic lands becameChristianised , there were attempts by Christian writers toeuhemerize or evendemonize most of the pre-Christian deities, while a few others became Saints in the church. TheTuatha Dé Danann ofIrish mythology , who were commonly interpreted as divinities or deified ancestors, were downgraded in Christian writings to, at best "fallen angels", or mere mortals, or even portrayed as demons.
Ancient Gaulish and Brittonic deities [ edit ] TheGauls inhabited the region corresponding to modern-day France, Belgium, Switzerland, southern and western Germany, Luxembourg and northern Italy. They spokeGaulish . TheCeltic Britons inhabited most of the island of Great Britain and spokeCommon Brittonic or British.
Abnoba - Gaulish goddess worshipped in the Black ForestAcionna - Gaulish goddess of the riverEssonne [ 1] Adsagsona - Gallic goddess of magic named on theLarzac tablet [ 2] Adsullata - goddess of theRiver Sava Agronā - hypothetical Brittonic goddess of theRiver Ayr Alantedoba - a goddess inVal Camonica [ 3] Ancamna - Gallic goddess in theMoselle Valley Ancasta - Brittonic goddess ofClausentum Andarta - Gallic goddessAndrasta - Brittonic goddess of victoryAnnea Clivana - Gallic goddess of theCenomani Apadeva - a water goddess[ 4] Arduinna - Gallic goddess of theArdennes Forest Arnemetia - Brittonic goddess ofnemetons Artio - Gallic goddess of the bearAxona - Gallic goddess of the riverAisne [ 5] Beira - seeCailleach Belisama - Gallic and Brittonic goddessBergusia - Gallic goddess ofAlesia , companion ofUcuetis Bormana - Gallic goddess of mineral springs, companion ofBormanos Bricta (Brixta) - Gallic goddess ofLuxeuil mineral springs, companion of LuxoviosBrigantia - Brittonic goddess of theBrigantes Cailleach - goddess of landscape and weather, particularly important in Scotland; also known as BeiraCarpundia - a river goddess[ 1] Carvonia - a goddess inNoricum [ 6] Cathubodua - Gallic war goddessCaticatona - Gallic water goddess inRauranum [ 7] Cissonia - Gallic goddess of trade, companion ofCissonius [ 4] Clota - hypothetical Brittonic goddess of theRiver Clyde [ 1] Coventina - Brittonic goddess of wells and springsDamona - Gallic goddess of mineral springs, consort of Apollo Borvo and ofApollo Moritasgus Dea Latis - Brittonic goddess of bogs and pools,[ 8] Dea Matrona - "divine mother goddess" and goddess of theRiver Marne in GaulDivona [ 9] Epona - fertility goddess, protector of horsesErecura - goddess of death and fertilityHafren - Brittonic goddess of theRiver Severn , also known as SabrinaIcauna - Gallic goddess of the riverYonne Icovellauna - Gallic goddess in theMoselle Valley Imona - a Gallic well goddess inRauranum [ 10] Inciona - Gallic goddess of theTreveri Lerina - Gallic patron goddess ofLérins Islands , companion of LeroLitavis - Gallic earth goddessMaiabus - Gallic goddess inMetz [ 11] Matronae Dervonnae - Gallic mother goddesses inCisalpine Gaul [ 12] [ 13] Matronae Vediantiae (Deae Vediantiae) - Gallic mother goddesses inAlpes Maritimae [ 12] Maximia - fountain goddess inAmélie-les-Bains [ 14] Nemetona - Celtic goddess with roots in north-eastern Gaul.Nehalennia - sea goddess inZeeland Nantosuelta - Gallic goddess, companion ofSucellos Pritona - seeRitona below Rhiannon - late Celtic goddess associated with horses, fertility, rebirth, the moon, mercy, and justice; also known as the goddess of forgiveness and understanding; a major figure in Welsh mythologyRicagambeda - Brittonic goddessRitona (Pritona) - Gallic goddess of theTreveri Rosmerta - Gallic goddess of fertility and abundanceSabrina - seeHafren above Seixomniai Leuciticai - a Celtic goddess, equated withDiana [ 15] Senuna - Brittonic goddessSequana - Gallic goddess of theRiver Seine Setlocenia - North Brittonic goddess of long life Silgina - goddess of springs Sirona - Gallic goddess of healingSuleviae -triune mother goddessSulis - Brittonic goddess of the healing spring atAquae Sulis (Bath )Tamesis - Brittonic goddess of theRiver Thames Veica Noriceia - a goddess attested inNoricum [ 15] Verbeia - Brittonic goddess of theRiver Wharfe Vesunna - Gallic goddess of thePetrocorii [ 1] Vibēs - a goddess inNoricum [ 16] Iberian Celtic deities [ edit ] TheCeltiberians andGallaecians were ancient Celtic peoples inIberia . They spokeHispano-Celtic languages .
Gaelic deities and characters [ edit ] TheGaels inhabited Ireland and parts of western Scotland. They spokeGoidelic languages .
Achtland Aibell Aimend Aífe Áine - goddess of summer, wealth and sovereigntyAirmed - goddess of healing and herbalism[ 41] Anu - probable goddess of the earth and fertility,[ 42] Cormac's Glossary [ 43] Bec Bébinn (Béfind)Bé Chuille Bodhmall Boann - goddess of theRiver Boyne , called Bouvinda byPtolemy [ 44] Brigid (Brigit) - called a "goddess of poets" inCormac's Glossary [ 43] [ 45] Caillech (Beira ,Biróg ) - an ancestral creator and weather goddessCanola Carman Cethlenn - wife of Balor of the FomoriansClídna [ 1] Clothru Danand (Danu )Deirdre - the foremost tragic heroine in Irish legendDuibne - attested asDovinia inArchaic Irish and preserved in the name of theCorcu Duibne [ 44] Ériu ,Banba &Fódla - tutelary triumvirate of goddesses, sisters, eponymous for Ireland (mainly Ériu)Ernmas Étaín - the heroine ofTochmarc Étaíne Ethniu (Ethliu) - the daughter of the Fomorian leader Balor and the mother of LughFand Finnabair [ 19] Flidais Fuamnach Gráinne Grian Lí Ban Loígde - attested asLogiddea inArchaic Irish and preserved in the name of theCorcu Loígde [ 44] Macha Medb (Medb Lethderg )Mongfind The Morrígan ,Badb ,Nemain - also known as "The Thee Morrígna"Mór Muman (Mugain )Niamh Sadhbh Tailtiu Tlachtga Brythonic deities and characters [ edit ] The Brythonic peoples, descendants of theCeltic Britons , inhabited western Britain (mainly Scotland Strathclyde,Wales ,Cumbria andCornwall ) andBrittany . They spoke theBrythonic languages .
^a b c d e MacCulloch. ^ Mees 68. ^a b c d Murley 90. ^a b c Adkins and Adkins, 283. ^ Anwyl 38. ^ de Bernardo Stempel; Kos. ^ Nicholson132 . ^a b Adkins294 . ^ Nicholson137 . ^ Nicholson xvi. ^a b Olivares Pedreño 635. ^a b Murley 87. ^ Anwyl 41. ^ Nicholson160 . ^a b c d e f g Murley v. ^a b c Tabbernee. ^ Anwyl 39. ^ CIL XIII, 06572 ,CIL XIII, 04507 ,CIL XIII, 06455 ^a b c d Freeman 4. ^ Dimitz 15. ^ Koch 849. ^ Roymans and Derks 134. ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Arenas-Esteban 110. ^a b c d e f g h i Olivares Pedreño 610. ^a b Arenas-Esteban 112. ^ Olivares Pedreño 614. ^ Olivares Pedreño 611. ^ Rankin 263. ^a b c d e f g h i j Arenas-Esteban 111. ^ Simón. ^ Olivares Pedreño 638. ^a b c Olivares Pedreño 609. ^ Olivares Pedreño 612. ^ Dorsey 59. ^ Olivares Pedreño 636. ^ Olivares Pedreño 626. ^ Olivares Pedreño 627. ^ Olivares Pedreño 607. ^ Olivares Pedreño 632. ^ Olivares Pedreño 631. ^ Coulter and Turner 151. ^ Lurker13 . ^a b c d Koch 1693-1697. ^a b c Williams 28. ^ MacCulloch 101. ^ Green18 . ^ Williams 81 ^ Coulter and Turner 155. ^ Williams 18. ^ Coulter and Turner 165. Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy A. (2004).Handbook to life in ancient Rome 283 .ISBN 0-8160-5026-0 Anwyl, Edward (1906).Celtic Religion in Pre-Christian Times . Andover-Harvard Theological Library. Arenas-Esteban, J. Alberto (2010).Celtic religion across space and time: fontes epigraphici religionvm celticarvm antiqvarvm . Toledo: Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha.ISBN 978-84-7788-589-4 de Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia (2003). "Die sprachliche Analyse keltischer Theonyme".Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie .53 (1):41– 69.doi :10.1515/ZCPH.2003.41 .S2CID 201278751 .Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (2000).Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities . Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn.ISBN 1-57958-270-2 Dimitz, August.History of Carniola . Vol. I. Dorcey, Peter F. (1992).The cult of Silvanus: a study in Roman folk religion . Leiden: Brill.ISBN 90-04-09601-9 Freeman, Philip (2017).Celtic Mythology: Tales of Gods, Goddesses, and Heroes . Oxford UP.ISBN 978-0-19-046047-1 "Greek & Roman Mythology - Tools".http://www.classics.upenn.edu/myth/php/tools/dictionary.php?regexp=RHEA&method=standard . Green, Miranda Jane (1993).Celtic myths . Austin: U of Texas P.ISBN 0-292-72754-2 Keating, Geoffrey (1857).The History of Ireland from the Earliest Period to the English Invasion . P. M. Haverty. Koch, John T. (2006).Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO.ISBN 1-85109-440-7 Kos, Marjeta Šašel (2008). "Dedicanti e Cultores nelle Reliogione Celtiche: A cura di Antonio Sartori" [Celtic divinities from Celeia and its territory: who were the dedicators?]. Quaderni di Acme.104 . CISALPINO: Istituto Editoriale Universitario. Milano:284– 86. {{cite journal }}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help ) Lurker, Manfred (2004).The Routledge dictionary of gods, goddesses, devils and demons ISBN 0-415-34018-7 MacCulloch, J. A. (1911).The Religion of the Ancient Celts ISBN 9780524009307 {{cite book }}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help ) Mees, Bernard (2009).Celtic Curses . Boydell.ISBN 9781843834571 Murley, Joseph Clyde (1922).The Cults of Cisalpine Gaul as Seen in the Inscriptions . The Collegiate Press. Nicholson, Edward Williams Byron (1904).Keltic researches: Studies in the History and Distribution of the Ancient Goidelic Language and Peoples . Oxford UP. Olivares Olivares Pedreño, Juan Carlos (2005)."Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula" .E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies .6 :607– 649. Rankin, David (1998).Celts and the classical world . London: Routledge.ISBN 0-415-15090-6 Roymans, Nico; Derks, Ton, eds. (2009).Ethnic Constructs in Antiquity: The Role of Power and Tradition . Amsterdam: Amsterdam UP.ISBN 978-90-8964-078-9 Williams, Mark Andrew (2016).Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth . Princeton UP.ISBN 9780691157313
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