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Kaniv Канів | |
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 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Kaniv Location of Kaniv Show map of Cherkasy Oblast Kaniv Kaniv (Ukraine) Show map of Ukraine | |
| Coordinates:49°45′N31°28′E / 49.750°N 31.467°E /49.750; 31.467 | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Cherkasy Oblast |
| Raion | Cherkasy Raion |
| Hromada | Kaniv urban hromada |
| First mentioned | 1078 |
| City rights | 1796 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Ihor Ren'kas |
| Area | |
• Total | 17.42 km2 (6.73 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 101 m (331 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 23,172 |
| • Density | 1,300/km2 (3,400/sq mi) |
| [1] | |
| Postal code | 19000—19009 |
| Area code | +380 4736 |
| Sister cities | Viersen,Sonoma,Lambersart,Człuchów |
| Website | Official government website,City website |
Kaniv (Ukrainian:Канів,IPA:[ˈkɑniu̯]ⓘ) is a city inCherkasy Raion,Cherkasy Oblast, centralUkraine. The city rests on theDnieper River, and is one of the main inland river ports on the Dnieper. It is an urbanhromada of Ukraine.[2] Population:23,172 (2022 estimate).[1]
Kaniv is a historical town that was founded in the 11th century by Kievan princeYaroslav the Wise.[citation needed] The city is known today mostly for the burial site ofTaras Shevchenko, the great Ukrainian poet and artist.
Picturesque and ancient, Kaniv was once one of the largest cities ofKievan Rus'. At that time, it was an outpost used for diplomatic meetings betweenRuthenian princes and ambassadors of militant tribes. Later, in the 18th century, it became a popular destination for elderlyCossacks, who wanted to live out their days on the banks of the greatDnieper River[citation needed], and on the Chernecha Mountain, where, according to legend, a monastery stood in the past. The mountain remains one of Kaniv's most important places, attracting thousands of tourists to the city. Today it is most famous as a burial place of the celebrated Ukrainian poet and painterTaras Shevchenko, who is considered a founder of modernUkrainian literature, which is located onTaras Hill overlooking the Dnieper. The Kaniv reserve is the oldest historical and cultural reserve in Ukraine.
Industry in the city includesKaniv hydroelectric power plant located on theKaniv Reservoir on the Dnieper, fruit and vegetable, condiments factory, large milk and cheese factory, poultry processing.
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The city's date of establishment is unknown. It was first mentioned in thePaterikon ofCaves Monastery inKyiv of the 11th century where it is mentioned about relocation of icon painters fromConstantinople during rule ofVsevolod of Kyiv.[3] The first mentioning of Kaniv in chronicles is dated 9 June 1144 when the Grand Prince of KyivVsevolod II founded theSt. George's Cathedral (later known as the Dormition Cathedral).[3] In chronicles it is also mentioned that in 1149 the Grand Prince of KyivGeorge the Long-Armed after conquering Kyiv appointed his son Gleb as a prince in Kaniv.[3] The city was also mentioned later in chronicles often in relation to raids onto Cumans. Among the killed Ruthenian princes at the1223 battle at Kalka River, there was mentioned Prince Svyatoslav of Kaniv.[3]
Archaeological excavations indicated that earlier Slavic settlement already existed near Kaniv before the 10th century.[3] Also, some documents indicate the existence of the Holy Dormition Kaniv monastery in the 11th century.[3][4]
There is no definite information on the source and meaning of the city's name; supposedly its name is derived from the personal nickname Kanya ('buzzard').[5]Mykola Yanko [uk] in hisToponymic dictionary of Ukraine says that the name is derived from Turkish word meaning the place ofkhan. There are other hypotheses on the city's name.
From mid-12th century Kaniv became a big city and played prominent role in theKievan Rus' (Ruthenian state) where it was a center of an apanage principality within the principality of Kyiv. Until the 13th century, the central part of Kaniv was so called "Hellenic town" located at the Moskovka Mountain.[3]
According to popular historical sources, in 1239 the city was conquered and razed by the Mongols.[3]
Kaniv has been mentioned in the report ofGiovanni da Pian del Carpine after his 1245 travel to theMongol Empire. In the report, the city is mentioned as a Tatar post. In theMiddle Ages it was located on theRoad from Varangians to Greeks. Initially part of Kievan Rus', in 1362 it was annexed by theGrand Duchy of Lithuania. In the 14th century, Grand Duke of LithuaniaVytautas the Great built in Kaniv a castle that existed until 1768.[3]
In 1431, it became part of the LithuanianKyiv Voivodeship. It was sacked by theOttoman Turks in 1458. In 1569, Kaniv came under the rule ofPoland, and it was also one of the centers ofCossack culture and military life. In 1600, it received theMagdeburg Rights, but the city's prosperity was halted by successive plagues, fires, and Cossack unrest. Kaniów was aroyal city of theLesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown. DuringThe Deluge the town was captured by the forces ofBohdan Khmelnytsky in 1648.
In 1648-78, the city was the center of theKaniv Regiment, Cossack formation of which was established long before theKhmelnytsky Uprising as part of the Polishregistered Cossacks formations. In 1662, the Right-Bank forces ofYuri Khmelnytsky, supported by Polish and Crimean Tatar troops, were defeated in thebattle of Kaniv (1662) by the Russian forces ofGrigory Romodanovsky and the Left-Bank Cossacks ofYakym Somko. In 1678, the Kaniv regiment was overran by Turks and its administration was transferred toBohuslav. In 1768, it was captured by one of the leaders of theKoliyivschyna,Maksym Zalizniak. As an effect of apogrom, most of the localszlachta andJews were killed.
In 1775 Kaniv became a personal property of the King of PolandStanisław August Poniatowski who, in 1777, gave it away to his nephew S.Poniatowski.[3] In 1787, Kaniv was visited byCatherine II. She met there with Polish kingStanisław August Poniatowski. Following theSecond Partition of Poland in 1793[3] the town with large parts of other territories came under the control of theRussian Empire. In 1800, Poniatowski sold bigger portion of the city to archimandrite of the Kaniv Monastery of Saint Basil the Great B.Fizikiewicz who in his turn bequeathed his property to the local school of the Order of Saint Basil the Great.[3]
During the later stages ofthe Great War, on 11 May 1918, the town was the seat of theBattle of Kaniów, in which the forces of the 2nd Polish Corps and thePolish Legions underJózef Haller de Hallenburg failed to break through the Austro-German lines to the Russian side. During theSecond World War, Kaniv was a site of an unsuccessful drop of Sovietparatroopers.
In 1978,Oleksa Hirnyk burned himself to death, on a hill near Shevchenko's tomb in protest ofRussification. In 2007, he was honored as aHero of Ukraine.
Rebuilt in 1966–70, since 1972 the Dormition Cathedral building was housing the newly established Kaniv folk art museum. Afterdissolution of the Soviet Union, the church was passed to the Easter Orthodox community of Moscow Patriarchate, while the museum was relocated to another former religious building that used to belong to the UkrainianOrder of Saint Basil the Great.
Until 18 July 2020, Kaniv was designated as acity of oblast significance and did not belong to Kaniv Raion even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast to four, the city was merged into Cherkasy Raion.[6][7]
Distribution of the population by native language according to the2001 census:[8]
| Language | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Ukrainian | 88.43% |
| Russian | 11.24% |
| other/undecided | 0.33% |
Kaniv is theadministrative center of theKaniv Raion (district). However, the city is acity of oblast subordinance, thus being subject directly to the oblast authorities rather to the raion administration housed within the city itself.
Kaniv istwinned with:
| City | Country | Year of Signing |
|---|---|---|
| Viersen,North Rhine-Westphalia |  Germany | |
| Sonoma,California |  United States | |
| Lambersart,Nord-Pas-de-Calais |  France | |
| Człuchów |  Poland |
