The Democratic National Convention ended with a speech by Franklin D. Roosevelt accepting the party nomination for president. "The appearance before a National Convention of its nominee for President, to be formally notified of his selection, is unprecedented and unusual, but these are unprecedented and unusual times", he said. Roosevelt called to "resume the country's interrupted march along the path of real progress, of real justice, of real equality for all of our citizens, great and small", and pledged "anew deal for the American people."[3]
John H. Curtis was found guilty of obstructing justice in theLindbergh kidnapping case.[5] Curtis was sentenced to a year in prison but had the sentence suspended after paying a $1,000 fine.[6]
Campaigning for the July 31 Reichstag elections started in Germany. 12,000 Nazis paraded in northernMunich, while 12,000 members of theIron Front paraded in the southern part of the city.[10]
TheAnglo-Irish Trade War began when the British government voted to impose a 100% tariff on imports from theIrish Free State as retaliation for its refusal to make the semi-annual installment payments on Irish land annuities.[11]
At a Chicago hotel,Cubs shortstopBilly Jurges was shot by a scorned showgirl who intended to kill the ballplayer and then herself. Jurges suffered bullet wounds to a finger, rib and shoulder, but he only missed a few weeks of playing time and never pressed charges.[14]
TheLausanne Conference ended with an agreement that Germany would make one final payment of 3 billion gold reichsmarks and then be free ofreparations for all time.[20]
In Belgium, 2 were killed in mining towns during a day of rioting by miners striking for more pay and sympathetic labour elements.[21][22]
The British and French governments signed a pact of friendship at Lausanne.[27]
Three blocks in the west end of the famousConey Island resort in New York were destroyed by a fire, doing an estimated $5 million in damage and leaving about 2,000 homeless.[28]
Amelia Earhart completed atranscontinental flight of the United States from Los Angeles to Newark in 19 hours 14 minutes and 40 seconds, a new record for a woman.[30]
TheLeague of Nations agreed to provide Austria with a loan of 300 million schillings on the condition that Austria not enter into a political or economic agreement with Germany before 1952. This condition was very unpopular in Austria.[27]
Irish Free State premierÉamon de Valera met British Prime MinisterRamsay MacDonald for three hours in London to discuss the tariff issue, but the conversation was unproductive.[31]
Born:Tim Asch, anthropologist, photographer and filmmaker, in Southampton, New York (d. 1994);Max McGee, American football player, inOverton, Texas (d. 2007)
Rioting broke out in front of theWhite House by members of theBonus Army who still refused to leave the capital. Contrary to tradition, President Hoover did not attend the final day of the72nd Congress before adjourning until December due to safety concerns.[33]
The German government ofFranz von Papen issued a decree banning all outdoor demonstrations in the wake of Altona Bloody Sunday.[36]
Denmark and Norway took their dispute over territory in Greenland to theWorld Court.[25]
At Loch Lomond, Scotland,Kaye Don reclaimed the world water speed record with a new mark of 119.81 miles per hour (192.82 km/h) in theMiss England III.[37]
The Irish Free State struck back in theAnglo-Irish Trade War when its senate approved a bill authorizing retaliatory tariff measures against Britain.[19]
Preußenschlag: ChancellorFranz von Papen usedArticle 48 of the Weimar Constitution to dissolve the government of Prussia and insert himself in its place as a virtual dictator answerable only to PresidentHindenburg.[39]
Benito Mussolinireshuffled his cabinet in a surprise move as five ministers resigned. Mussolini kept the portfolios of Foreign Affairs and Corporations for himself and appointed new ministers for the other three.[40]
Bonus Army veterans squatting in abandoned government-owned buildings in Washington were informed by police that they would be evicted within twenty-four hours, as the buildings were in the process of being demolished to make way for a park. Enforcement of the eviction order was put off for a week to postpone a showdown when the veterans refused to leave.[43]
A diplomatic row broke out at the 28thInter-Parliamentary Union inGeneva. Italian delegateCarlo Costamagna gave a speech extolling the accomplishments of Fascism in the field of justice when French representativePierre Renaudel shouted, "What right have the Fascists, who don't know what a parliament is, to come here anyway! What right have they to talk about justice!" When the Italians demanded an apology, Renaudel responded, "What right have they got to ask me to apologize to the government that ordered the assassination ofMatteotti?" A screaming match then broke out. Mussolini threatened to have Italy quit the Union, telling theLeague of Nations that the country could not be insulted in the building of which it shared the upkeep.[45]
The Soviet Union signed non-aggression pacts withEstonia, Finland and Poland.[27]
The German Supreme Court declined Prussia's request for an injunction restraining Chancellor Franz von Papen from taking over the government.[49]
Paul Gorguloff went on trial for the assassination of French PresidentPaul Doumer, claiming he had been possessed by a demon as part of an insanity defense.[50][51]
President Hoover ordered Washington police to evict theBonus Army squatters. Some of them reacted by throwing bricks, and in one skirmish two veterans were shot.[56] Hoover now called on the military, and the Secretary of War ordered Army Chief of StaffDouglas MacArthur to "surround the affected area and clear it without delay."[43] Infantry, cavalry and tanks were deployed and by 8:00 p.m. the protestors had been pushed across theAnacostia River withtear gas. The most controversial moment of the affair ensued an hour later, as MacArthur disobeyed orders and sent the military across the bridge, driving away the veterans and setting fire to their camp. The entire episode became a public relations disaster for the Hoover Administration as the military's actions were seen as overly harsh.[43][56]
Two days before the beginning of the Summer Olympics, Finnish running starPaavo Nurmi was suspended by theIAAF for violating his amateur status by accepting remuneration in excess of his expenses to run five exhibition races in Germany during September and October 1931.[57]
In Hungary, two communist leaders were court-martialed and hanged on the same day, despite international pleas for clemency due to the speed of the trial and lack of evidence that they were plotting to overthrow the political and social order.[58]
TheNazis won theReichstag elections, although with 230 out of 608 seats they fell short of an absolute majority. TheCommunist Party also gained twelve seats as voters largely abandoned the center.[19][60]
^Pettey, Tom (July 3, 1932). "Curtis Guilty in Lindy Case, Jury's Verdict".Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
^Falzini, Mark W. (2008).Their Fifteen Minutes: Biographical Sketches of the Lindbergh Case. Bloomington, Indiana: iUniverse. p. 78.ISBN978-0-595-52253-8.
^Speck, Eugene (July 3, 1932). "Vines Blasts Way to Title at Wimbledon".Chicago Daily Tribune. p. Part 2 p. 5.
^Golden, Eve (2013).John Gilbert: The Last of the Silent Film Stars. The University Press of Kentucky. p. 235.ISBN978-0-8131-4162-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^abBernhardt, Rudolf (1981).Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals and International Arbitrations, Volume 2. North-Holland Publishing Company. pp. 83–84.ISBN978-1-4832-5702-0.
^Curran, Hugh (July 13, 1932). "Irish Turn Down Amended Bill on Oath to King".Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 10.
^"Germany Bans Parades as 13 Die in Rioting".Brooklyn Daily Eagle. July 18, 1932. p. 1.
^Knowles, Arthur; Beech, Graham (2005).The Bluebird Years: Donald Campbell and the Pursuit of Speed.Wilmslow: Sigma Press. p. 22.ISBN978-1-85058-766-8.
^Caldwell, Peter C. (1997).Popular Sovereignty and the Crisis of German Constitutional Law: The Theory & Practice of Weimar Constitutionalism. Duke University Press. p. 8.ISBN978-0-8223-1988-7.
^Steele, John (July 22, 1932). "British Empire Launches War on Depression".Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
^Olson, James S.; Mendoza, Abraham O. (2015).American Economic History: A Dictionary and Chronology. ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 193.ISBN978-1-61069-698-2.
^abcKilligrew, John. "The Army and the Bonus Incident."MacArthur and the American Century: A Reader. Ed.William M. Leary. University of Nebraska Press, 2001. p. 35–37.ISBN978-0-8032-8020-5.
^"Hoover Praises Home Loan Bill as He Signs It".Chicago Daily Tribune. July 23, 1932. p. 1.
^Allen, Jay (July 23, 1932). "French Shout, "Assassins!" at Italians; Riot".Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 5.
