Julebukking (Gå julebukk) is aChristmas tradition ofScandinavian origin.[1]
Between Christmas andNew Year's Day, people wearing face masks and costumes (Julebukkers) would go door to door, whereneighbors receiving them attempt to identify who is under the disguise. In one version of Julebukking, people go from door to door singing Christmas songs. After they have sung, they are usually awarded with candy. Another tradition requires that at least one person from the visited household join the band of Julebukkers and continue to the next household.[2]
In certain aspects, the custom resembled the modern-day tradition ofHalloween trick-or-treating.[3][4] Julebukkers will often disguise their voices and body language to further themasquerade. Offering people holiday treats and something to drink is customary. Once identities are known and the food is eaten, the Julebukkers continue to the next home.[5]
During theYule holiday, they would disguise their appearance by dressing in a goatskin and go from house to house carrying a goat head.[6]
Christian missionaries modified the tradition and divorced its meaning from Paganism. TheYule Goat became one of the oldest Scandinavian and Northern European Yule and Christmas symbols and traditions. In Scandinavia, the figure of the Yule Goat remains a common Christmas ornament. It is often made out of straw, has a red ribbon around its neck, and is found under the Christmas tree.[7]
German and Scandinavian immigrants brought this tradition to America.[8] Though the practice of Julebukking may be dying out in Europe, it can still be observed on occasion in rural communities in America with large populations of people ofScandinavian descent, such as inPetersburg, Alaska,Ketchikan, Alaska andRushford, Minnesota.[9][10] The tradition previously existed in all theNordics.[11]