José Montserrate Feliciano García (Spanish pronunciation:[xoˈsefeliˈsjano]; born September 10, 1949) is aPuerto Rican musician. He recorded many international hits, including his rendition ofthe Doors' "Light My Fire" and his self-pennedChristmas song "Feliz Navidad". Music genres he explores consist of a fusion of many styles, such as Latin, blues, jazz, soul and rock music, created primarily with the help of his signature acoustic guitar sound.[1]
In the United States, Feliciano became popular in the 1960s, particularly after his 1968 albumFeliciano! reached number 2 on the music charts.[1] Since then in his career, he has released over 50 albums worldwide in both theEnglish andSpanish languages.
José Montserrate Feliciano García was born on September 10, 1949, inLares, Puerto Rico, the fourth child of eleven sons. He was born blind as a result ofcongenital glaucoma.[2][3] He was first exposed to music at the age of three, playing on a cracker tin can while accompanying his uncle who played thecuatro.[4] When Feliciano was five, his family moved toSpanish Harlem,New York City, where he made his first public appearance at theTeatro Puerto Rico inThe Bronx.[5]
Feliciano's knack for music became apparent when at age seven, he taught himself to play theaccordion. About two years later, when he was nine years old, his father gave him his first guitar. He would play his guitar by himself in his room for up to 14 hours a day and would learn by listening to 1950srock and roll, records of classical guitarists, andjazz players.Andrés Segovia andWes Montgomery were among his favorites. As a teenager, Feliciano took classical guitar lessons with Harold Morris, a staff music teacher at The Light House School for the Blind in New York City. Morris himself had once been a student of Segovia.[6] In a 1969 interview, Feliciano mentionedsoul music in general, andRay Charles andSam Cooke in particular, as influences on his singing.[7]
At the age of 17, to help support his family, Feliciano left high school. He started frequenting the coffee houses of Greenwich Village, "passing the hat" as his "salary" in those clubs where he was invited to play. His first professional contracted performance was at The Retort, a coffee house inDetroit,Michigan.[8]
In 1963, while gaining recognition in pubs, coffee houses and clubs throughout the US and Canada, especially inGreenwich Village,New York, andVancouver, British Columbia, he was discovered while performing at Gerde's Folk City in the Village and immediately signed by Jack Somer, an executive atRCA Victor.[9] Feliciano recounts the story of doing an impression ofBob Dylan, only to find that Dylan was in the audience.[8] In 1964, he released his first single, "Everybody Do the Click" (which became a hit in thePhilippines, at No. 2, staying 14 weeks in the Top Ten Hit parade) and was invited to the 1964Newport Folk Festival.[10] In 1965 and 1966, he released his first albums:The Voice and Guitar of José Feliciano andA Bag Full of Soul, two folk-pop-soul albums that showcased his talent on radios across the US, where in July 1963 he had been described byNew York Times columnist, Robert Shelton as a"10-fingered wizard".
In 1966, Feliciano visitedMar del Plata,Argentina, to perform at theFestival de Mar del Plata. There, he so impressed theRCA Victor executives, that they wanted him to stay and record an album for them inSpanish. They were unsure how they wanted to record, so Feliciano suggested he record some of thebolero music of his parents where Feliciano then added his blues and folk influences from his experiences while playing in the Village. The result was two smash hits with the singles "Poquita Fe" ("Little Faith", also titled "Sin Fe", or "Without Faith"), and "Usted". This was the beginning of a series of successful singles, albums and gold records throughout Latin America and Hispanic communities in the United States where Feliciano revolutionized the sound of the bolero. Some of his most beloved interpretations include "La Copa Rota", "La Carcel de Sing Sing" and "Extraños en la Noche", which charted concurrently as the Spanish version ofFrank Sinatra's "Strangers in the Night".
A year later, Feliciano was scheduled to perform in theUnited Kingdom but the authorities would not allow hisguide dog, Trudy, into the country unless she was quarantined for six months. The stringent quarantine measures of those days were intended to prevent the spread ofrabies. Devastated by their actions, Feliciano wrote a song about his experience entitled "No Dogs Allowed" (becoming a Netherlands Top 10 hit in 1969), which told the story of this first visit toLondon.[11]
During his British visit on July 16, 1967, Feliciano gave a live performance on thepirate radio stations Radio 227 and Radio 355, on board the MVLaissez Faire off the British coast less than a month before the stations were due to be closed by the UK'sMarine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967. He also guested on a popular British television show withDusty Springfield and recorded a rare single for RCA in England called "My Foolish Heart / Only Once" which was played on London radio[clarification needed].
After two more successful albums, Feliciano, now a household name throughoutLatin America, moved toLos Angeles. He was introduced to RCA Victor producer, Rick Jarrard who, at the time, was also producingHarry Nilsson andJefferson Airplane. They recorded the hit albumFeliciano! together, includingthe Doors' song "Light My Fire". Feliciano's style was clearly defining itself by that time as that of an innovative crossover artist with soul, folk and rock influences, infused with a substantial Latin flair. RCA released "California Dreamin'" as the first single during the summer of 1968 with "Light My Fire" as the B-side. A DJ behind the mic at KJR-Radio inSeattle, Washington liked that song on the flip side, played it on the air, and it took off, reaching No. 3 on the US pop charts with over one million copies sold in the US market alone. The song became a No. 1 hit in many countries, including Canada, Brazil and the UK and was awarded agold disc.[12]Doors guitaristRobbie Krieger has complimented the cover.On the strength of this success, Feliciano won twoGrammy Awards in 1968 for Best New Artist of the Year and Best Pop Male Performance, bringing him worldwide recognition as an avant-garde pop star because of his unique "crossover" style from Latino music to English-language pop/rock. He is widely recognized as the first virtuoso classical guitarist to bring the sound of a nylon-string guitar into the pop/rock scene.
Feliciano's "Star-Spangled Banner"
On October 7, 1968, at the height of protests against theVietnam War, Feliciano was invited byDetroit Tigers broadcasterErnie Harwell to perform "The Star-Spangled Banner" atTiger Stadium in Detroit during Game 5 pre-game ceremonies of the1968 World Series between the Tigers and theSt. Louis Cardinals. His personalized, slow,Latin jazz performance[7] proved highly controversial and damaging to Feliciano's career in the months, even years, that followed. Some listeners thought he had "desecrated" and disrespected the national anthem but when asked about it, Feliciano explained that the reason he offered a non-traditional rendition of the anthem was to get people to pay attention to it.[13] In a November 2017 NPR broadcast, he expressed pride at being the one to open the door for artists who could later interpret the nation's anthem.[14] His World Series rendition, which features Feliciano accompanying himself on anacoustic guitar,[7] was released as a single that charted for 5 weeks on theBillboard Hot 100, peaking at number 50; the first time the United States' anthem appeared on the American music charts. That recording of the national anthem is now on permanent exhibit in theBaseball Hall of Fame inCooperstown, New York.
Feliciano trying herring in Amsterdam (1970)
In 1969, Feliciano recorded two more albums with Rick Jarrard,10 to 23 and the London Palladium double-disc LP,Alive Alive-O!, both of which were awardedgold discs.[12] It was around this time that the Seekers’ London based songwriter/producer Tom Springfield offered José his song "Adios Amor". The Seekers had reportedly declined to record it and had since disbanded. It became one of Feliciano's biggest hits in Australia, reaching the Top 10 in 1969. He also worked withQuincy Jones on theMackenna's Gold movie soundtrack, where he recorded the theme song "Old Turkey Buzzard" and appeared on numerous US television shows, performing duets withJohnny Cash,Bing Crosby,Glen Campbell,Andy Williams, andDiana Ross.
In 1970, Feliciano released an album of Christmas music, again with Rick Jarrard, originally entitledJose Feliciano, festively resembling a Christmas present in gold wrapping with a big green and red bow. Later, the album would assume the name of its most unlikely selection, that of Feliciano's composition"Feliz Navidad". During the recording process, Jarrard had suggested that Feliciano write a new Christmas song for the album. Feliciano thought it impractical but began reminiscing about his childhood in Puerto Rico, and soon "Feliz Navidad" was born. "Feliz Navidad" has been covered internationally by hundreds of artists, becoming a traditional part of the musical landscape around the world at Christmas time. Each year during the Christmas season, "Feliz Navidad" remains one of the most played and most downloaded songs of the season. "Feliz Navidad" is also recognized byASCAP as one of the 25 all-time most-playedChristmas songs in the world and it is in theGrammy Hall of Fame.[16]
In 1971, Feliciano traveled toItaly to participate in theSanremo Music Festival, singing the song "Che Sarà" inItalian, earning second place in that contest along with a standing ovation from the Italian public. Feliciano later recorded the song with Jarrard, which became a success in Italy, and in much ofEurope, including theEastern Bloc countries, as well as inAsia. They recorded it in Spanish as "Qué Será", which became a hit inCentral andSouth America, and in English as "Shake a Hand", which was a hit in theScandinavian countries.
In 1975, on his last RCA albumJust Wanna Rock'n'Roll, Feliciano released his jazz-funk-Latin instrumental composition "Affirmation", which was re-released a year later by jazz guitaristGeorge Benson on his hit albumBreezin.
In 1979, Feliciano recorded a spontaneous version of his 1968 hit "Light My Fire" as a duet withrhythm and blues/pop singerMinnie Riperton. The duet was included on Riperton's final studio album forCapitol Records. Riperton died of cancer two months after its release. Feliciano recalls that the duet was unplanned, which is why he is not heard until the second half of the song. He and Riperton were friends and he just happened to be working in an adjoining studio while she was recording and popped in to say hello.
During the 1980s, after a brief stay on Motown with two English-language albums produced byBerry Gordy in 1981 andRick Jarrard in 1983, Feliciano was a guest on the 1983 NBC television showMotown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever. Also during this time period, Jose Feliciano's manager Burl Hechtman and promoters Gary Mason and Leonardo Schultz met with President of Motown Records Jay Lasker and convinced him to record a Spanish album. They promised Lasker "big sales" and a Grammy nomination. The album would be produced by Leonardo Schultz and Exec Produced by Mason under the watchful eye of Hechtman. The album entitledEscenas de Amor was a big hit in the Latin market and garnered a Grammy nomination for Best Latin Pop Performance. A second album was green-lighted by Lasker, entitledMe Enamore with the same production team, which was an even bigger hit, and received a Grammy for Best Latin Pop Performance. During this time period, Mason and Schultz also arranged for Feliciano to perform at theFestival Internacional de la Canción de Viña del Mar. Feliciano left Motown and released a number of successful records for that market, including theMotown albumsEscenas de Amor andMe Enamoré, as well as others fromRCA,EMI, andCapitol, garnering 4 moreGrammy Awards for best Latin Performer. He recorded a duet calledPor Ella with the most popular Mexican singer at the time,José José, which became a Latin hit. In the 1980s and into the 1990s, José recorded duets withNatalie Cole ("More Than the Stars" on her 1987 albumEverlasting),Gloria Estefan (Tengo Que Decirte Algo on her 2000 albumAlma Caribeña),Chamaco Rivera (Consuelo on his 1984 albumPor Fin), jazz singerDiane Schuur ("By Design" and "The American Wedding Song" on her 1985 albumSchuur Thing), andPaul Simon ("Born in Puerto Rico" on his 1997 albumSongs from The Capeman). In 1982, Feliciano played guitar on the DeBarge recordAll This Love. In 1987, Feliciano gave two concerts in East Germany: One in Leipzig and another in East Berlin with theBerliner Sinfonie-Orchester.
Walk of Fame
Feliciano received his star on theHollywood Walk of Fame on December 1, 1987. Feliciano was honored by theCity of New York, which renamed Public School 155 as the José Feliciano Performing Arts School. His hands were cast onMadame Tussauds Museum's Wall of Fame and he has a star on the Walk of Fame of his native Puerto Rico. He also had a hit in 1987 in Austria with the song "The Sound of Vienna", which reached number 1 there for 4 weeks, and recorded with theVienna Symphony Orchestra. The Orchestra also performed with him live on national television atDanube Park in Vienna before more than 60,000 people.
When Jose Feliciano became a father in 1988, in 1991 and again in 1995, he enjoyed staying closer to home. Always loving radio and wanting to one day be a disc jockey, Jose teamed up with Mark Graham, the owner/programmer/DJ of radio station WMMM inWestport, Connecticut, where they co-hosted a weekly live radio broadcast calledSpeaking of Music. Here the comical duo would chat about the music of all kinds and Jose shared his vast knowledge of the music industry. Jose would play live on air, take questions from callers and interview guest artists. He enjoyed that post for over a year and says he learned a lot from the experience.
Feliciano released a cover version ofRichard Marx's "Right Here Waiting" in early 1990, and in 1994, he recorded a dance record in English entitled "Goin' Krazy" (MJM Records) under the pseudonym JF?.[17] Latinodisk jockeys around the world supported the record, helping the 12-inch dance record chart on Billboard and earning him new and younger fans.[18][citation needed]
In 1996, he made a cameo appearance as himself in the filmFargo, performing as a lounge singer.
Feliciano was also an inaugural member of the Independent Music Awards' judging panel to support independent artists.[19]
In 2000,Guitarra Mía, a special tribute to Feliciano, was produced by theBanco Popular de Puerto Rico and aired both in Puerto Rico and in the US. This television special (and its soundtrack) featured Feliciano and many Puerto Rican and international stars singing some of his most famous songs, along with his personal favorites from other artists. It was first aired in December 2000, just 2 days after his mother died unexpectedly from a heart attack. The special's final scenes featured her giving her son a standing ovation, recorded for the occasion a month before.
On May 10, 2010, Feliciano performed his rendition of "The Star-Spangled Banner" atComerica Park inDetroit. This was part of the remembrance of Detroit Tigers radio announcerErnie Harwell, who had recently died on May 4. Requested to perform it by Harwell himself, before he died, Jose played it the way he had in 1968 with his acoustic guitar and his slow tempo, Latin jazz style.
On December 15, 2010, Feliciano appeared as the featured guest on the 37th episode ofDaryl Hall's Webbie-Award-winning webcastLive From Daryl's House. Feliciano and Hall took turns on several numbers, including Feliciano's version ofLight My Fire. On November 9, 2011, Feliciano received theLatin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award from theLatin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences.
In 2011, Feliciano signed with manager Howard Perl[21] and MBM Entertainment who immediately brought him to The Agency Group.[22] In January 2012, he was a guest inMemphis for the celebration ofElvis Presley's birthday, where he announced the release (on August 7, 2012) of his new albumThe King, a tribute to Presley produced in collaboration with Presley's best friend, radio personalityGeorge Klein and released by Johnny Phillips'Select-O-Hits label. On September 19, 2012, in honor ofHispanic Heritage Month, he was invited to singGod Bless America for the seventh-inning stretch of theNew York Yankees game atYankee Stadium. Additionally, less than a month later, on October 14, 2012, Feliciano returned to baseball's post-season, and on national television, once again rendered his stylized version of theStar-Spangled Banner inSan Francisco before the first game of the National League's Championship Series against theSt. Louis Cardinals. Soon Feliciano appeared on a song with reggaeton artist Farruko calledSu hija me gusta, where a young man tells a fatherI like your daughter.[23] He also began recording sessions[24] with Producers Howard Perl,[25] Jon Guggenheim, Juan Cristobal Losada,Wyclef Jean,Plácido Domingo,Billy Ray Cyrus, and Frank Licari.
In 2017, Feliciano performed a cover of Sting’s 'Every Breath You Take'.[26]
In November 2017, Feliciano released a jazz and R&B album with UK musicianJools Holland and sold out a 33-date tour throughout the UK and Ireland. The album became a hit and reached number 24 in the UK charts,[27] the first time for an LP by Feliciano after his 1970 LPFireworks.
2018–present: Feliciano celebrates his golden anniversary
The year 2018 marked the 50th anniversary of Feliciano's entry onto the international music scene with hisRCA recording ofFeliciano!, which featured "Light My Fire". Feliciano's golden anniversary year was highlighted in May with his return to his homeland ofPuerto Rico. The event was held at the Luis A. Ferré Performing Arts Center,Centro de Bellas Artes, and was calledJosé Feliciano: Transcendental 50th Aniversario de Oro y su Legado. To a full house, Feliciano and his homeland public shared his 50 years of musical celebrity in the two-hour spectacle.
OnFlag Day, June 14, 2018, Feliciano was the keynote address speaker for theSmithsonian National Museum of American History inWashington, D.C. where 19 new citizens pledged their allegiance to the United States. The event was held in Flag Hall, where the actual banner that flew overFort McHenry in 1814, inspiringFrancis Scott Key to write the poem which would become "The Star-Spangled Banner" is exhibited. At this same event, a donation ceremony was held where Feliciano presented to the Smithsonian Museum his Candelas guitar with which he first rendered "The Star-Spangled Banner", causing a national furor in 1968, along with other personal objects for the Smithsonian's permanent collection.[28]
On September 8, 2018, Feliciano was invited by theDetroit Tigers baseball team to return to their field and perform the "Star-Spangled Banner" again as he had in 1968. The Tigers were facing theSt. Louis Cardinals again and they wanted Feliciano to recapture the moment reminiscent of their own 50th anniversary of winning theWorld Series. This time around, the performance was met not with undertones of the hatred and hostility of 1968 but rather, with the uproarious cheers of an enthusiastically grateful crowd. Fifty years later, José "Feliciano was finally at peace with his being the first artist to stylize theNational Anthem publicly."
Feliciano's golden anniversary year culminated with a Christmas performance at theVatican to perform in their annual Christmas celebration,Concerto di Natale, 2018. During their time in Rome, Feliciano and his son, Jonnie, were invited to attend a private audience withPope Francis.
In January 2019, Feliciano was invited to appear onThe Tonight Show withJimmy Fallon where they took their show on the road toPuerto Rico with composer, actor and producerLin-Manuel Miranda to show the world that "The spirit and soul of Puerto Rico and her people are alive and well and that the Island, ravaged byHurricane Maria in 2017, is indeed, 'Open for Business.' " José was joined onstage with Puerto Rico's hottestreggaeton andLatin trap singer,Ozuna, where together they performed their Island's sentimental anthem, "En Mi Viejo San Juan". A studio version of the song was subsequently recorded forAnthem Records and released on June 7, 2019, on all of the major digital platforms around the world. Twenty percent of its proceeds are going to Miranda's Flamboyan Arts Fund, which supports all facets of the arts including music, theater, visual arts, dance, literature and arts education programs for youth and thus ensures that arts and culture continue to flourish during the reconstruction of Puerto Rico.
On the same weekend in New York City, Feliciano was honored during the 62nd Puerto Rican Day Parade, Inc. with a Lifetime Achievement Award, honoring him for his contributions to the world of music, while celebrating his roots and love for his island home.
During May and June 2019, Feliciano was recording an album forAnthem Records in bothNashville andConnecticut with his long-time producer, Rick Jarrard. The album is calledBehind This Guitar and was released on January 31, 2020.
TheCuban Revolution exerted strict ideological control over cultural expression, leading to the censorship and banning of numerous musicians and artists, in the 1960s and 1970s, who were deemed counter-revolutionary or too closely associated with capitalist influences. Notable figures such asthe Beatles,Santana,Julio Iglesias andCelia Cruz fell under this ban.[29] Among those affected was José Feliciano, who faced restrictions following comments he made about Puerto Rico's independence.[30]
José Feliciano has been married twice. He and his first wife, Janna (née Hilda Pérez, 1954–2018), divorced in 1978.[31]
In 1971,Ernie Harwell introduced Feliciano to Susan Omillian (b.c. 1954) a youngDetroit art student. Harwell and Omillian originally met during Feliciano's controversial rendition of the national anthem in 1968.[32][33]
Feliciano and Omillian dated for 11 years before marrying in 1982. The couple has two sons and one daughter and resides inWeston,Connecticut.[32]
In December 2009, a parody of "Feliz Navidad" titled "The Illegal Alien Christmas Song" was created by radio producers Matt Fox and A. J. Rice and posted on the website forHuman Events, an American conservative political website. The parody, sung in English, played on theracial stereotype ofMexican immigrants as heavy drinkers and that illegal immigrants were going to "spreadbubonic plague".
Feliciano released a statement on December 23 on his official website:
This song has always been a bridge to the cultures that are so dear to me, never as a vehicle for a political platform of racism and hate. It's disgusting and my only wish that my song and I are distanced from the whole affair as soon as possible.[34]
In a statement to theAssociated Press the same day,Jed Babbin,Human Events site editor, apologized for "any offense that Mr. Feliciano may have taken from this parody" and removed it from the site.[35]