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John Chapman | |
|---|---|
| Abbot of Downside | |
 | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Installed | 1929 |
| Term ended | 1933 |
| Predecessor | Leander Ramsay |
| Successor | Bruno Hicks |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Henry Chapman 25 April 1865 |
| Died | 7 November 1933 (1933-11-08) (aged 68) Downside Abbey,Stratton-on-the-Fosse,Somerset,United Kingdom |
| Buried | Downside Abbey |
| Nationality | British |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Alma mater | Christ Church, Oxford |
John ChapmanOSB (25 April 1865 – 7 November 1933) was an EnglishRoman CatholicAbbot ofDownside Abbey of theEnglish Benedictine Congregation from 1929 until his death, and aNew Testament andpatristics scholar.
He is best known for having founded one of theprivate schools inBritain:Worth, inWest Sussex.
Henry Palmer Chapman was born inAshfield, Suffolk, the son of an Anglicancanon ofEly Cathedral. Because of delicate health, Henry was, at first, educated privately at home, and then later atChrist Church, Oxford (1883–1886), where he received afirst-class degree inClassical Greats. He stayed for a subsequent year at Oxford studying theology, in which he took athird (cf. the "gentleman's C" in the U.S.).[1] It was an important year for him, however, because in this time he decided to be ordained in theChurch of England.[2]
Having trained atCuddesdon near Oxford, Chapman was ordained as adeacon in the Church of England in 1889 and began a curacy in the parish of St Pancras, London. He found himself increasingly troubled during this time about the position of the Church of England and left the parish soon after Trinity Sunday.[3]
In December 1890, Chapman was conditionally baptized in theCatholic Church atBrompton Oratory. In April 1891 he entered theJesuit novitiate at Manresa House, Roehampton (nowParkstead House), but decided to leave after eight months.[4]
He subsequently entered the BenedictineMaredsous Abbey in Belgium, where he had been preceded by a friend from Cuddesdon,Bede Camm. Chapman was given thereligious name of "John", andprofessedsimple vows on 25 March 1893. He made hissolemn vows on Whitsuntide 1895. After hispriestly ordination in 1895, he went toErdington Abbey, nearBirmingham, where he stayed until 1912, serving the community asnovice master and later asprior.[5]
Having spent nine months at Maredsous, in February 1913 Chapman was made temporary superior of the Caldey island community (now based atPrinknash Abbey), when it was received into the Roman Catholic Church in 1913–14.[5]
At the outbreak of World War I, Chapman became a Professor of Theology at Downside Abbey, joining the many monks who had fled Maredsous to England.[6] In early 1915, when these monks moved to Ireland, he became armychaplain to the British forces. After initial training, his brigade arrived in France in July 1915. He lived in the trenches in the autumn of 1915, until a persistent knee injury led to his hospitalization in November 1915. He was later stationed at Boyton Camp, Wiltshire, for several months, and then returned to France. At the end of 1917, he was transferred to Switzerland, where multilingual chaplains were needed for thePOW camps. He remained there until the armistice.[7]
In 1919 Chapman transferred his monastic stability toDownside Abbey. He spent most of 1919 to 1922 in Rome, though, working on a commission on the revision of theVulgate translation of the Bible.[8] He returned to Downside in 1922, where in 1929 the community elected him as abbot.[5]
As the fourth abbot of Downside, during his short term of four years, he helped transform Downside into a modern abbey in the mainstream of the Benedictine tradition and in 1933 became the founder of Worth Priory (which became independent of Downside in 1957 andWorth Abbey in 1965).
John Chapman not only read both Greek and Latin with facility, but also read and wrote French, Italian, and German. Many of his contributions to biblical scholarship and patristics have proved of lasting value, especially his work onCyprian,John the Presbyter, and on the priority of theGospel according to Matthew that, so Chapman argued in support of the early Church tradition, was the first Gospel account to have been written (see alsoSynoptic Problem).
Among thenovices that Chapman clothed in themonastic habit was in 1932 JohnBernard Orchard, who soon felt drawn to follow his Abbot into researching the priority of theGospel according to Matthew in the light of the patristic evidence, and eventually, after also constructing a synopsis of the four Gospel accounts in Greek and English for the easier study of the compositional sequence Matthew-Luke-Mark-John that is supported by certain early Christian writers, produced what by hindsight may be considered a synthesis of his and his mentor's insights.
In his day Chapman was a much sought-after spiritual director. He published a collection of letters under the titleSpiritual Letters.
Chapman made a number of contributions to theCatholic Encyclopedia on the Early Church Fathers and Councils.[9]
