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The termjilbāb (alsojilbaab,jubbah orjilaabah) (Arabic:جِلْبَاب) refers to any long and loose-fit coat or outergarment worn byMuslim women. Wearers believe that this definition ofjilbāb fulfills theQuranic choice for ahijab. Thejilbāb is also known aschador byPersian speakers inIran andAfghanistan. The modernjilbāb covers the entire body except the face and hands. Some women will also cover the hands with gloves and the face along with aniqāb.[1]
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A mention of the plural term ofjilbāb,jalabib, is found in theQur'an, verse 33:59 (SurahAl-Ahzab). A popular translation byYusuf Ali of the transliterated Arabic goes:
Yā 'ay-yuha n-Nabiy-yu qul li'azwājika wabanātika wa nisā'i l-mu'minīna yudnīna 'alayhin-na min jalābībihin-na; dhālika adnā an yu'rafna falā yu'dhayn. Wakāna l-lāhu Ghafūra(n) r-Rahīmā(n)
O Prophet! Tell thy wives and daughters, and the believing women, that they should cast their [jalabib](Jilbabs) over their persons (when abroad): that is most convenient, that they should be known (as such) and not molested. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
A number ofhadith commenting on the above verse of the Qur'an (33:59) mention thejilbāb.
Narrated Umm Salamah, Ummul Mu'minin: When the verse "That they should cast their outer garments over their persons" was revealed, the women of Ansar came out as if they had crows over their heads by wearing outer garments.
— Sunan Abi Dawud, Book 33, Number #4090 (Classified as 'Sahih' by Al-Albani)
Narrated Umm Atiyya: We were ordered to bring out our menstruating women and screened women to the religious gatherings and invocation of the Muslims on the two Eid festivals. These menstruating women were to keep away from the musalla. A woman asked, "O Messenger of Allah! What about one who does not have ajilbab?". He said, "Let her borrow thejilbab of her companion".
— Sahih Bukhari, Book 8, #347
Since there are no pictures of 7th-centuryjilbāb, nor any surviving garments, it is not at all clear if the modernjilbāb is the same garment as that referred to in theQur'an.
The root of the word "Jilbab" itself is [جلب]. According toMu'jam Maqayees Al-Lugha byIbn Faris, the root has two meanings:
[Two meanings]: One of them is the arrival with something from place to place, and the other is something that covers something...[2]
Al-Shawkani was of the view that a woman must cover her face with a Jilbab in front ofnon-Mahram men, and he takes this from a Hadith about pilgrimage and comments about its meaning. He also provides the views of bothAhmad ibn Hanbal andAl-Shafi'i:
...[A'isha said:] "The caravan would pass by us while we were with the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, in a state of consecration (i.e., during the pilgrimage). When they came close to us, one of us would lower her jilbab from her head over her face, and when they passed by us, we would uncover it."...
A type of athleticjilbāb was developed by Nike in 2006,[3] allowing women to play volleyball while still respecting a traditional clothing style.[4]
InIndonesia, the termjilbāb refers to a headscarf rather than a long and loose overgarment.[5][better source needed]
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