Jennifer Beth Thompson (born February 26, 1973) is an American former competition swimmer and anesthesiologist.
She is one of the most decorated Olympians in history: twelve medals, including eight gold medals, in the1992,1996,2000, and2004 Summer Olympics.
Thompson, aMassachusetts native who callsDover, New Hampshire, her hometown, began swimming at age 7 at a summer country club called Cedardale inGroveland, Massachusetts. During the indoor season, she swam at the Danvers YMCA from ages 8 to 10, and then at the Andover-North Andover YMCA from the ages of 10 to 12. At age 12 she began swimming for Seacoast Swimming Association under coaches Amy and Mike Parratto, and moved to Dover at age 13.
She first appeared on the international scene as a 14-year-old in 1987, when she won the 50-meter freestyle and placed third in the 100-meter freestyle at thePan American Games. She won her first world championship in 1991, as part of the USA's winning 4×100-meter freestyle relay team, and held the world record in the 50-meter and 100-meter freestyle when she participated in the1992 Summer Olympics inBarcelona.
Thompson attendedStanford University, and swam for theStanford Cardinal swimming and diving team inNational Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) andPacific-10 Conference competition. She was the recipient of the 1994–95Honda Sports Award for Swimming and Diving, recognizing her as the outstanding college female swimmer of the year.[2][3]
In 2006, Thompson received a medical degree from theColumbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, completed a residency inanesthesiology at theBrigham and Women's Hospital inBoston, Massachusetts, and then a fellowship in pediatric anesthesiology at Children's Hospital of Boston.[4]
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Thought to be at the height of her competitive career at the time, Thompson was expected to win up to five gold medals at those Olympics. However, she failed to qualify for the final in the 200-meter freestyle, finished a disappointing fifth in the 50-meter, and finished second in the 100-meter, where she was beaten byZhuang Yong of China. Thompson won two gold medals as part of the 4×100-meter freestyle and 4×100-meter medley teams. Considerable controversy was raised after the 100-meter freestyle when the U.S. team speculated on the loose doping policy standards in Barcelona—at that time the event winner did not have a mandatory doping test—only the second and fourth-place finishers were tested, based on a random draw. Thompson and her teammates believed that the Olympic champion should be tested and that rule was changed a few months later when nine members of the Chinese swimming team tested positive for steroid use.
Thompson continued her career as a member of the U.S. national team and a member of theStanford University swimming team, and continued to rank among the world's best swimmers for the next four years. During Thompson's four years at Stanford, she was a member of fourNCAA championship teams, considered to be some of the most dominant collegiate teams in NCAA history. During that time, Thompson amassed nineteen individual and relay NCAA titles. She competed as a member of the USAFinswimming Team at the 8th World Championship held inHungary during August 1996.[5] Thompson had a poor performance at the 1996 Olympic Trials which kept her from qualifying in her individual events.
Thompson won Gold medals on three relay teams at the Olympics; the 4×100-meter freestyle, 4×100-meter medley, and 4×200-meter freestyle.
Between 1997 and 1999, Thompson won eight more world championship titles, including three in a row in the 100-meter freestyle.
At the2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia she won a bronze in the 100-meter freestyle and was fifth in the 100-meter butterfly. But in the relay events, she swam the anchor leg in helping the USA defend its titles in the 4×100-meter freestyle and the 4×200-meter freestyle relays. She also swam the butterfly leg in the winning 4×100-meter relays. The 4×100-meter freestyle and medley teams set new world records in the process.
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At the World Championships that year, she broke the world record in the 100-meter butterfly for the fourth time, winning a qualifying heat in a time of 56.56 en route to a gold medal in the event.Thompson seemingly retired from competition after the 2000 season with 10 Olympic medals, eight gold, one silver and one bronze, and 12 gold medals at World Championships. In 2001, Thompson moved to New York City to begin studying at theColumbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. However, while attending medical school, she made a return to competition at the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships inYokohama, Japan. Thompson won five medals in two days, setting a career-best time in winning the 50-meter freestyle. At the 2003 World Championships, she would win five medals, including two gold medals.
At age 31, Thompson was the oldest member of the 2004 U.S. Swimming and Diving team, competing in her fourth Olympics in Athens, Greece. She was the anchor member of the 400-meter freestyle relay, where she contributed to a national record of 3:36.39 and a silver medal. She earned another silver medal as a member of the 4×100-meter medley relay. During her Olympic career, Thompson won twelve medals, eight of which were relay gold; the most for any female Olympic swimmer in history.[1]
In 2006, Thompson received a medical degree from theColumbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. She did her internship at the New York CityMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and residencyanesthesiologist at theBrigham and Women's Hospital inBoston.[4] In June 2010, she was assaulted when two men attempted to steal her scooter, but she was able to fight off both of her attackers.[6][7]
Thompson married Daniel Richard Cumpelik on September 5, 2010.[8]She currently works as an anesthesiologist for the Spectrum medical group at theMaine Medical Center inPortland, Maine.[9]
Thompson has volunteered as a celebrity swimmer forSwim Across America, a charitable organization that raises money for cancer research, since 1995.[citation needed][10]
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She was the 1993 and 1998 USA Swimming Swimmer of the Year, and ranked as the 62nd greatest female athlete of all time in a 1999 poll conducted bySports Illustrated. She was named bySwimming World Magazine as theFemale World Swimmer of the Year in 1998, and as Female American Swimmer of the Year in 1993, 1998 and 1999. She was theWomen's Sports Foundation's Athlete of the Year in 2000.
Her adopted hometown ofDover, New Hampshire has a public swimming pool named in her honor.
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| Records | ||
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| Preceded by | Women's 100-meter freestyle world record-holder (long course) March 1, 1992 – September 5, 1994 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Women's 100-meter butterfly world record-holder (short course) April 19, 1997 – January 26, 2002 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Women's 50-meter butterfly world record-holder (short course) November 29, 1997 – December 10, 1999 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by Martina Moravcová Martina Moravcová | Women's 100-meter individual medley world record-holder (short course) January 16, 1999 – April 2, 1999 April 2, 1999 – November 23, 2002 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Women's 100-meter butterfly world record-holder (long course) August 23, 1999 – May 27, 2000 | Succeeded by |
| Awards and achievements | ||
| Preceded by | Swimming World World Swimmer of the Year 1998 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Swimming World American Swimmer of the Year 1993 1998–1999 | Succeeded by |
| Olympic Games | ||
| Preceded by | Most career Olympic medals by an American 2004–2008 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | ||
| Preceded by | ||
| Preceded by | Most career Olympic medals by an American woman 2000-2024 | Succeeded by |
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