 1-Pentene | |
 cis-2-Pentene | |
 trans-2-Pentene | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC names Pent-1-ene cis-Pent-2-ene trans-Pent-2-ene | |
| Other names amylene,n-amylene,n-pentene, beta-n-amylene,sym-methylethylethylene | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
|
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.042.636 |
| EC Number |
|
| UNII |
|
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C5H10 | |
| Molar mass | 70.135 g·mol−1 |
| Density | 0.64 g/cm3 (1-pentene)[1] |
| Melting point | −165.2 °C (−265.4 °F; 108.0 K) (1-pentene)[1] |
| Boiling point | 30 °C (86 °F; 303 K) (1-pentene)[1] |
| −53.7·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | MSDS |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Pentenes arealkenes with thechemical formulaC
5H
10. Each molecule contains onedouble bond within its molecular structure. Six different compounds are in this class, differing from each other by whether thecarbon atoms are attached linearly or in a branched structure and whether thedouble bond has acis ortrans form.
1-Pentene is analpha-olefin. Most often, 1-pentene is made as a byproduct ofcatalytic orthermal cracking ofpetroleum or during the production ofethylene andpropylene via thermal cracking of hydrocarbon fractions.
As of 2010s, the only commercial manufacturer of 1-pentene wasSasol Ltd., where it is separated from crude by theFischer-Tropsch process.[2]
2-Pentene has two geometric isomers:cis-2-pentene andtrans-2-pentene.Cis-2-Pentene is used inolefin metathesis.
The branched isomers are 2-methylbut-1-ene, 3-methylbut-1-ene (isopentene), and2-methylbut-2-ene (isoamylene).
Isoamylene is one of the three main byproducts ofdeep catalytic cracking (DCC), which is very similar to the operation offluid catalytic cracking (FCC). The DCC usesvacuum gas oil (VGO) as a feedstock to produce primarilypropylene,isobutylene, and isoamylene. The rise in demand forpolypropylene has encouraged the growth of the DCC, which is operated very much like the FCC. Isobutylene and isoamylene feedstocks are necessary for the production of the much debated gasoline blending componentsmethyltert-butyl ether andtert-amyl methyl ether.
Propylene, isobutene, and amylenes are feedstocks in thealkylation units of refineries. Using isobutane, blendstocks are generated with high branching for good combustion characteristics. Amylenes are valued as precursors to fuels, especially aviation fuels of relatively low volatility, as required by various regulations.[3]
