Intramuros | |
|---|---|
District | |
.jpg)   .jpg) .jpg) .jpg)   Clockwise, from top left: Intramuros entrance (Anda Street),Baluarte de San Diego,Ayuntamiento de Manila,San Agustin Church,Palacio del Gobernador,Tranvía, Plaza San Luís Complex,Fort Santiago | |
| Nicknames: Old Manila; the Walled City | |
| Motto(s): Insigne y siempre leal Distinguished and ever loyal | |
 | |
_location_map.svg)  Intramuros | |
| Coordinates:14°35′29″N120°58′25″E / 14.59147°N 120.97356°E /14.59147; 120.97356 | |
| Country | Philippines |
| Region | National Capital Region |
| City | Manila |
| Congressional District | 5th District of Manila |
| Barangays | 5 |
| Settled | June 12, 1571 (1571-06-12) |
| Founded by | Miguel López de Legazpi |
| Government | |
| • Administrator of Intramuros | Atty. Joan M. Padilla |
| Area | |
• Total | 0.67 km2 (0.26 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
• Total | 6,103 |
| • Density | 9,100/km2 (24,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+08:00 (Philippine Standard Time) |
| Zip codes | 1002 |
| Area codes | 2 |
| Website | intramuros |
Intramuros (lit. 'within the walls' or'inside the walls') is the 0.67-square-kilometer (0.26 sq mi) historic walled area within the city ofManila, the capital of thePhilippines. It is administered by theIntramuros Administration with the help of the city government of Manila.[2]
Intramuros comprises a centuries-old historic district, entirely surrounded by fortifications, that was considered at the time of theSpanish Empire to be the entire City of Manila. Other towns andarrabales (suburbs) located beyond the walls that are now districts of Manila were referred to asextramuros,Spanish for "outside the walls",[3][4] and were independent towns that were only incorporated into the city of Manila during the early 20th century.
Intramuros served as the seat of government of theCaptaincy General of the Philippines, a component realm of theSpanish Empire, housing the colony's governor-general from its founding in 1571 until 1865, and theReal Audiencia of Manila until the end of Spanish rule during thePhilippine Revolution of 1898. The walled city was also considered the religious and educational center of the Spanish East Indies.[5] Intramuros was also an economic center as the Asian hub of theManila galleon trade, carrying goods to and fromAcapulco in what is nowMexico.
During the early 20th century, under the administration ofAmerican colonial authorities,land reclamation and the construction of theManila South Port subsequently moved the coastline westward and obscured the walls and fort from the bay, while the moat surrounding the fortifications was drained and turned into arecreational golf course. TheBattle of Manila in 1945 duringWorld War II entirely flattened Intramuros. Though reconstruction efforts began immediately after the war, many of its original landmarks are still lost today; under theIntramuros Administration, Intramuros is still in the process of postwar reconstruction and revival of its cultural heritage.
While Intramuros is no longer the seat of the contemporaryPhilippine government, several Philippine government agencies are headquartered in Intramuros. Moreover, Intramuros remains a significant educational center as part of the city'sUniversity Belt. Several offices of thePhilippine Catholic Church are also found in the district.
Intramuros was designated a National Historical Landmark in 1951. The fortifications of Intramuros were declaredNational Cultural Treasure by theNational Museum of the Philippines, owing to its historic and cultural significance.[6]San Agustín Church, one of fourUNESCO World Heritage Sites under the entryBaroque Churches of the Philippines, is located within the walled district. Intramuros and other historical sites in Manila are currently being proposed by the UNESCO Philippine National Commission to the country's tentative list for future UNESCOWorld Heritage Site inscription as The Walled City and Historic Monuments of Manila.[7]
The strategic location ofManila alongthe bay and at the mouth of thePasig River made it an ideal location for theTagalog tribes and kingdoms to trade with merchants from what would be today'sChina,India,Borneo, andIndonesia. The prehistoric polity ofMaynila was located where Intramuros would be built.[8]
In 1564,Spanish explorers led byMiguel López de Legazpi sailed fromNew Spain, now Mexico, and arrived on the island ofCebu in April 1565, establishing the firstSpanish capitania in the Philippines.[9] Having heard from the natives about the rich resources in Maynila, Legazpi dispatched two of his lieutenant-commanders,Martín de Goiti andJuan de Salcedo, to explore the island of Luzon.
The Spaniards arrived on the island ofLuzon in 1570. After quarrels and misunderstandings between theMuslim natives and the Spaniards, they fought for control of the land and settlements. After several months of warfare the natives were defeated, and the Spaniards made a peace pact with the councils ofRajah Sulaiman III,Lakan Dula, andRajah Matanda who handed over the city to the Spaniards.
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Legazpi declared the area of Manila as the new capital of the Spanish colony on June 24, 1571, because of its strategic location and rich resources. He also proclaimed thesovereignty of theMonarchy of Spain over thewhole archipelago.KingPhilip II of Spain delighted at the new conquest achieved by Legazpi and his men, awarding the city acoat of arms and declaring it as:Ciudad Insigne y Siempre Leal (English: "Distinguished and Ever Loyal City"). It was settled and became the political, military, and religious center of theSpanish Empire in Asia.
The city was in constant danger of natural and man-made disasters and worse, attacks from foreign invaders. In 1574, a fleet of Chinese pirates led byLimahong attacked the city and destroyed it before the Spaniards drove them away. The colony had to be rebuilt again by the survivors.[10] These attacks prompted the construction of the wall.
The city of stone began during the rule ofGovernor-GeneralSantiago de Vera.[11] The city was planned and executed by Jesuit Priest Antonio Sedeno[10] in accordance with theLaws of the Indies and was approved byKingPhilip II's Royal Ordinance that was issued inSan Lorenzo de El Escorial,Spain. The succeedinggovernor-general,Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas brought with him from Spain the royal instructions to carry into effect the said decree stating that "to enclose the city with stone and erect a suitable fort at the junction of the sea and river". Leonardo Iturriano, a Spanish military engineer specializing in fortifications, headed the project. Chinese and Filipino workers built the walls.
Fort Santiago was rebuilt and a circular fort, known as Nuestra Senora de Guia, was erected to defend the land and sea on the southwestern side of the city. Funds came from a monopoly on playing cards and fines imposed on its excessive play. Chinese goods were taxed for two years. Designed by Geronimo Tongco and Pedro Jusepe,[12] construction of the walls began on 1590 and continued under manygovernor-generals until 1872. By the middle of 1592, Dasmarinas wrote the King about the satisfactory development of the new walls and fortification.[13] Since the construction was carried on during different periods and often far apart, the walls were not built according to any uniform plan.[11]
Improvements continued during the terms of the succeeding Governor-Generals. Governor-GeneralJuan de Silva executed certain work on the fortifications in 1609 which was improved byJuan Niño de Tabora in 1626, and byDiego Fajardo Chacón in 1644. The erection of theBaluarte de San Diego was also completed that year, replacing the Nuestra Senora de Guia.[14] This bastion, shaped like an "ace of spades" is the southernmost point of the wall and the first of the large bastions added to the encircling walls, then of no great height nor of finished construction.[15]Ravelins andreductos were added to strengthen weak areas and serve as outer defenses. A moat was built around the city with the Pasig River serving as a natural barrier on one side. By the 18th century, the city was totally enclosed. The last construction works were completed by the start of the 19th century.[13]
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The main square of the city of Manila wasPlaza Mayor (later known as Plaza McKinley thenPlaza de Roma) in front of theManila Cathedral. East of the plaza was theAyuntamiento (City Hall) and facing it was thePalacio del Gobernador, the official residence of theSpanish viceroyalties to the Philippines. An earthquake on June 3, 1863, destroyed the three buildings and much of the city. The residence of the Governor-General was moved toMalacañang Palace located about 3 km (1.9 mi) up on the Pasig River. The two previous buildings were later rebuilt but not the Governor's Palace.
Inside the walls were otherRoman Catholic churches, the oldest beingSan Agustin Church (Augustinians) built in 1607. The other churches built by the differentreligious orders – San Nicolas de Tolentino Church (Recollects),San Francisco Church (Franciscans),Third Venerable Order Church (Third Order of St. Francis),Santo Domingo Church (Dominican),Lourdes Church (Capuchins), and theSan Ignacio Church (Jesuits) – has made the small walled city theCity of Churches. Intramuros was the center of large educational institutions in the Philippines.[3]
Convents and church-run schools were established by the differentreligious orders. The Dominicans established theUniversidad de Santo Tomás in 1611 and theColegio de San Juan de Letrán in 1620. The Jesuits established theUniversidad de San Ignacio in 1590, the first university in the Philippines. It closed in 1768, following theexpulsion of the Jesuits in the Philippines. After the Jesuits were allowed to return to the Philippines, they established theAteneo Municipal de Manila in 1859.[16] In the initial period of colonization, there were a total of 1,200 Spanish families living in the vicinity of Intramuros, 600 Spanish families within the walls and another 600 living in the suburbs outside Intramuros. In addition to this were about 400 Spanish soldiers garrisoned at the walled city.[17]
After the end of theSpanish–American War, Spain surrendered the Philippines and several other territories to the United States as part of the terms of theTreaty of Paris for $20 million. The American flag was raised atFort Santiago on August 13, 1898, indicating the start of American rule over the city. The Ayuntamiento became the seat of thePhilippine Commission of the United States in 1901. Fort Santiago became the headquarters of the Philippine Division of theUnited States Army.
The Americans made drastic changes to Manila, such as in 1903, when the walls from the Santo Domingo Gate up to the Almacenes Gate were removed as the wharf on the southern bank of thePasig River was improved. The stones removed were used for other construction happening around the city.
The walls were breached in four areas to ease access to the city: the southwestern end ofCalle Aduana (now Andres Soriano Jr. Ave.); the eastern end ofCalle Anda; the northeastern end ofCalle Victoria (previously known asCalle de la Escuela); and the southeastern end ofCalle Palacio (now General Luna Street). The double moats that surrounded Intramuros were deemed unsanitary and were filled in with mud dredged fromManila Bay, where the presentPort of Manila is now located. The moats were transformed into a municipal golf course by the city.
Reclamations for the construction of the Port of Manila, theManila Hotel, andRizal Park obscured the old walls and skyline of the city fromManila Bay.[18] The Americans also founded the first school under the new government, theManila High School, on June 11, 1906, along Victoria Street.[19]
In 1936, Commonwealth Act No. 171 was passed requiring that all future buildings to be constructed in Intramuros adopt Spanish colonial type architecture.
In December 1941, theImperial Japanese Armyinvaded the Philippines. The first casualties in Intramuros were the destruction ofSanto Domingo Church and the originalUniversity of Santo Tomas campus during an assault. The whole city of Manila was declared by GeneralDouglas MacArthur as anopen city as Manila was indefensible.
In January 1945, the battle for theliberation of Manila began when American troops returned. Intense urban fighting occurred between the combined American and Filipino troops under theUnited States Army andPhilippine Commonwealth Army including recognizedguerrillas, against the 30,000 Japanese defenders. As the battle continued, both sides inflicted heavy damage on the city culminating with theManila massacre by Japanese troops.[20]
The Imperial Japanese Army was pushed back, eventually retreating into the Intramuros district. General MacArthur, though opposed to the bombing of the walled city, approved heavy shelling, which resulted in deaths of over 16,665 Japanese within Intramuros.[20]Two of the eight gates of Intramuros were badly damaged by American tanks. The bombings levelled most of Intramuros, leaving only 5% of the city structures. 40% of the walls were destroyed in the bombings.[21][22] Over 100,000 Filipino men, women and children died from February 3 to March 3, 1945, during theBattle of Manila.
At the end of World War II, all of the buildings and structures in Intramuros were destroyed, with only the damagedSan Agustin Church still standing.[22][23][24]
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In 1951, Intramuros was declared a historical monument and Fort Santiago, a national shrine with Republic Act 597, with the policy of restoring, reconstructing, and urban planning of Intramuros. In 1956, Republic Act 1607 declared Intramuros a "commercial, residential and educational district", opening up the district to development disregarding the historicity of the area. The same law also repealed Commonwealth Act No. 171 and Republic Act No. 597. Several laws and decrees also followed but results were deemed unsatisfactory due to limited funds.[25]
In 1979, theIntramuros Administration (IA) was created by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 1616, signed byPresidentFerdinand Marcos on April 10 of that year.[26]
Since then, the IA has been slowly restoring the walls, the sub-features of the fortification, and the city within. The remaining five original gates have been restored or rebuilt: Isabel II Gate, Parian Gate, Real Gate, Santa Lucía Gate and the Postigo Gate. The entrances made by the Americans by breaching the walls at four locations are now spanned by walkways thereby creating a connection, seamless in design and character to the original walls. Buildings destroyed during the war were subsequently rebuilt:Manila Cathedral was rebuilt and was opened to the public in 1958,Ayuntamiento de Manila was rebuilt in 2013, while theSan Ignacio Church and Convent is currently being reconstructed as theMuseo de Intramuros.
In January 2015, duringPope Francis's visit to the Philippines, he led a mass at the Manila Cathedral that was attended by an estimated 2,000 bishops, priests and religious leaders of the Philippine Catholic Church.[27] Anthology, an annual 3-day festival about architecture and design, was first launched in June 2016 at Intramuros. Since then, it has been rentingFort Santiago as a venue where seminars and other activities were held, with guest speakers from local and international people from the field of architecture and design.[28] It is made possible through the partnership of WTA Architecture + Design Studio and the Intramuros Administration, who are also responsible for the critically acclaimed theBook Stop Intramuros located in Plaza Roma.
TheDepartment of Tourism along with theIntramuros Administration launched the first major project of the newly created Faith Sector that focuses on the historic and cultural religious wealth of the Walled City. For the 2018 lenten season, seven religious destinations can be visited. For the first time since World War II,Visita Iglesia is once again possible in Intramuros. The seven destinations are theManila Cathedral,San Agustin Church,San Ignacio Church, Guadalupe Shrine inFort Santiago, Knights of Columbus Fr. Willman Chapel,Lyceum of the Philippines University Chapel, and theMapua University Chapel. The event pays homage to the original seven churches during the prewar Intramuros.[29][30] The 2018 lenten season event draws Infinite People from both foreign and local tourists in Intramuros.[31][32] The Intramuros Administration, together with the Royal Danish Embassy in Manila, and Felta Multimedia, Inc., opened the iMake History Fortress at the Baluarte de Santa Barbara in Fort Santiago last March 19, 2018. The facility is the first history-basedLego education center in the world.[33]
TheCOVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 caused theIntramuros Administration to temporarily close several sites within Intramuros includingFort Santiago,Museo de Intramuros, andCasa Manila.[34]
The stone outline of thedefensive wall of Intramuros is irregular in shape, following the contours of Manila Bay and the curvature of the Pasig River. The Muralla walls covered an area of 64 hectares (160 acres) of land, surrounded by 8 feet (2.4 m) thick stones and high walls that rise to 22 feet (6.7 m). The walls stretched to an estimated 3-5 kilometers in length. An inner moat(foso) surrounds theperimeter of the wall and an outer moat(contrafoso) surrounds the walls that face the city.
Severalbulwarks (baluarte),ravelins (ravellin) andredoubts (reductos) are strategically located along the massive walls of Intramuros following the design of medieval fortifications. The sevenbastions (clockwise, fromFort Santiago) are the Bastions of Tenerias, Aduana, San Gabriel, San Lorenzo,San Andres,San Diego, and Plano.[35] The bastions were constructed at different periods of time, the reason for the differences in style. The oldest bastion is theBastion de San Diego, which was built in 1587.
The fortifications of Intramuros comprises several parts, the front facing the sea and the river, which were less elaborate and complex, and the three-sided land front with its corresponding bastions.Fort Santiago was built at the northwest tip where the sea and river converge, and this functioned as acitadel. Fort Santiago has significantly served as military headquarters of Spanish, British, United States and Japan during different eras throughout the Philippine history.
In Fort Santiago, there are bastions on each corner of the triangular fort. TheBaluarte de Santa Bárbara faces the bay and Pasig River;Baluarte de San Miguel, faces the bay; and theMedio Baluarte de San Francisco, which faces the Pasig River.[36]
Before the American Era, entrance to the city was througheight gates orPuertas. They were, clockwise, fromFort Santiago,Puerta Almacenes,Puerta de la Aduana,Puerta de Santo Domingo,Puerta Isabel II,Puerta del Parian,Puerta Real,Puerta Sta. Lucia, andPuerta del Postigo.[37] Three of the gates were destroyed. Two of them, the Almacenes Gate and the Santo Domingo/Customs Gate, were destroyed by American engineers when they open up the northern part of the walls to the wharves.[35]
The Banderas Gate was destroyed during an earthquake and was never rebuilt. Formerly,drawbridges were raised and the city was closed and under the watch of sentinels from 11:00 pm until 4:00 am. It continued so until 1852, when, in consequence of the earthquake of that year, it was decreed that the gates should remain open night and day.[35]
Intramuros is the only district of Manila where old Spanish-era influences are still plentiful.Fort Santiago is now a well-maintained park and popular tourist destination. Adjacent to Fort Santiago is the reconstructed Maestranza Wall, which was removed by the Americans in 1903 to widen the wharves thus opening the city to Pasig River. One of the future plans of the Intramuros Administration is to complete the perimeter walls that surround the city making it completely circumnavigable from the walkway on top of the walls.[38]
There has been minimal commercialization occurring within the district, despite restoration efforts. A few fast food establishments set up shop at the turn of the 21st century, catering mostly to the student population within Intramuros. Shipping companies have also set up offices inside the district. Concerts, tours and exhibitions are frequently held within Intramuros to draw both local and foreign tourists.
TheIntramuros Register of Styles is the mainarchitectural code of Intramuros, the historic core of the City ofManila,Philippines. It became part of Presidential Decree No. 1616, as amended, when it was gazetted by theOfficial Gazette of the Philippines on June 17, 2022.[39] TheIntramuros Administration is the agency of the Philippine Government responsible for the implementation of the Register of Styles.
Intramuros in Manila is the only locality in the Philippines where, for cultural reasons, the use, height, scale, and aesthetics of all new constructions and development are pre-determined and strictly regulated under the force of a national law. The Register of Styles, as an integral part of Presidential Decree No. 1616, is the main legal document prescribing and guiding the implementation of pre-war architectural colonial styles in Intramuros.[40][41]
The Register of Styles is the first document to detail the historical styles of Intramuros. It was authored by Rancho Arcilla, who was then the Archivist of the Intramural Administration, and under the initiative ofGuiller Asido, the former Administrator of Intramuros.[40] Being an integral part of Presidential Decree No. 1616, the Register of Styles is the only architectural stylebook in the Philippines with the force and potency of a national law.
By form, the urban landscape of Intramuros mostly lacked setbacks, with buildings that were mostlyterraced (rowhouses).Courtyards or backyards were exceptionally well adapted to the climate. By style Intramuros was described as bothvernacular and cosmopolitan. While its Church and State buildings were European in orientation, albeit adapted and localized, most of the buildings enclaved within its walls embraced tropical vernacular constructions as exemplified by theBahay na bato. Churches, fortifications, and palaces fashioned in European styles, though few, became icons and objects of popular imagination. In contrast, the vernacular Bahay na Bato, which was adopted in majority of buildings, prevailed in terms of number of constructions. Except in certain instances, the Register of Styles prescribes thaBahay na bato as the default style for new constructions in Intramuros.[41]
The Register of Styles prescribes the Bahay na bato as the default style for new constructions in Intramuros. It explicitly recognized the Bahay na Bato as the dominant architectural typology of Intramuros during the Spanish colonial era until the destruction of the Walled City in 1945 during the Second World War. Pursuant to the Intramuros Register of Styles, new constructions in Intramuros that do not follow the Bahay na Bato typology may only be allowed only in specific locations where a Non-Bahay na Bato structure (e.g. a Neoclassical building) was known to exist. Otherwise, new constructions are required to follow the Bahay na Bato type.[41]
The center of education since the colonial period, Manila — particularly Intramuros — is home to several Philippine universities and colleges as well as its oldest ones. It served as the home of theUniversity of Santo Tomas (1611),Colegio de San Juan de Letran (1620),Ateneo de Manila University (1859),Lyceum of the Philippines University andMapúa University. TheUniversity of Santo Tomas transferred to a new campus at Sampaloc in 1927, and Ateneo left Intramuros for Loyola Heights, Quezon City (while still retaining "de Manila" in its name) in 1952.
Newnon-sectarian schools were established and built over the ruins after the war. ThePamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, established in 1965 by the city government of Manila, was built at the site of the oldCuartel España (Spanish Barracks). TheLyceum of the Philippines University, a private university founded in 1952 by Philippine PresidentJose P. Laurel, was built over the lot ofSan Juan de Dios Hospital. The hospital moved out toRoxas Boulevard inPasay.
TheMapúa University, which was founded in 1925 inQuiapo, Manila moved in Intramuros after the war. Its postwar campus was built on the location of the destroyed San Francisco Church and the Third Venerable Order Church at the corner of San Francisco and Solana Streets. The three new educational institutions, along with Colegio de San Juan de Letran formed an academic cooperation called theIntramuros Consortium.
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Intramuros, as the seat of religious and political power during the colonial period, was the home to eight grand churches built by differentreligious orders. All but one of these churches were destroyed in theBattle of Manila. OnlySan Agustin Church, the oldest building in existence in Manila completed in 1607, was the only structure inside the Walled City not to be destroyed during the war. TheManila Cathedral, the seat of theRoman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila, was reconstructed in 1958.
The other religious orders reconstructed their churches outside Intramuros after the war. TheDominicans rebuiltSanto Domingo Church on Quezon Avenue in Quezon City. TheAugustinian Recollects moved to their other church, theSan Sebastian Church (now Basilica), 2.5-kilometer (1.6 mi) northeast of the Muralla, walled city. TheCapuchins moved theLourdes Church in 1951 to the corner of Kanlaon St. and Retiro St. (now Amoranto Ave.) in Quezon City. It was declared a National Shrine in 1997. The Order of Saint John of God moved to Roxas while the Order of Poor Clares in Aurora Boulevard. TheSan Ignacio Church and Convent is now currently being reconstructed asMuseo de Intramuros, an ecclesiastical museum.
World War II, along with various disasters, has led to the destruction of numerous historical monuments and statues. However, several monuments have managed to withstand and the ones that remain can still be visited today in Intramuros. Other statues and monuments have been added as a testament to the area's rich history.
| Name | Image | Location | Designers | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adolfo López Mateos Statue | Plaza Mexico 14°35′39″N120°58′28″E / 14.59417°N 120.97444°E /14.59417; 120.97444 (Plaza Mexico) | Luis A. Sanguino- Sculptor | Statue of a seatedAdolfo López Mateos was thePresident of Mexico from 1958 to 1964. | ||
| Anda Monument |  | Anda Circle | 1871 | Originally located at Plaza Maestranza near Fort Santiago. In 1957, the whole monument was transferred outside Intramuros toBonifacio Drive, where it now stands inAnda Circle. In recent years it has been painted over, with the lower level vandalized with graffiti. | |
| Benavides Monument | Plaza Santo Tomas | Tony Noël | 1889 | Replica; the undamaged original statue was transferred in 1946 to theSampaloc Campus of the University of Santo Tomas, now fronting theMain Building. Its original marble pedestal had been completely obliterated during theBattle of Manila in 1945. | |
| Carlos IV monument |  | Plaza de Roma 14°35′32″N120°58′23″E / 14.59222°N 120.97306°E /14.59222; 120.97306 (King Charles IV Monument) | Monument toCharles IV | ||
| King Philip II Statue |  | Plaza de España 14°35′36″N120°58′28″E / 14.59333°N 120.97444°E /14.59333; 120.97444 (King Philip II Statue) | Monument toPhilip II, where thePhilippines is named after | ||
| Legazpi-Urdaneta Monument |  | Bonifacio Drive opposite theManila Hotel | Agustí Querol Subirats | 1929 | In 2012, some of its metal ornaments had been stolen and unscrupulously sold as scrap metal. |
| Memorare – Manila 1945 Memorial (Shrine of Freedom) |  | Plazuela de Santa Isabel | 1995 | The inscription for the memorial was penned byNational Artist for LiteratureNick Joaquin. | |
| Queen Isabel II Statue |  | Puerta Isabel II | Ponciano Ponzano | 1860 | Formerly located atPlaza Rajah Sulayman in front ofMalate Church. The statue was transferred in 1975 at the front ofPuerta Isabel II during the visit of the thenPrince Juan Carlos of Spain. |
| Rizal Statue |  | Rizal Shrine | DepictsJose Rizal,National Hero of the Philippines | ||
| Rizal sa loob ng piitan |  | Rizal Shrine | DepictsJose Rizal,National Hero of the Philippines |
| Structure | Image | Current structure | Image | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Churches | ||||
| Lourdes Church (1892-1945) |  | El Amanecer Building |  | |
| San Francisco Church (1739-1945) |  | Mapúa University (Since 1956) |  | |
| San Ignacio Church (1899-1945) |  | Museo de Intramuros (Since 2018) | .jpg) | The church and convent is being reconstructed as theMuseo de Intramuros. |
| Recoletos Church (1739-1945) |  | Manila Bulletin Headquarters |  | |
| Santo Domingo Church (1868-1945) |  | Bank of the Philippine Islands, Benlife Building, and Tuazon Building |  | |
| Third Venerable Order Church (1733-1945) |  | Mapúa University |  | |
| Schools and Convents | ||||
| Ateneo de Manila University (1859-1932) |  | Tent |  | Transferred to its Padre Faura Campus (nowRobinsons Manila) after a fire destroyed its Intramuros Campus in 1932. The school again transferred to its Loyola Heights Campus in 1976–77. |
| Beaterio de la Compania | Light and Sound Museum | Rebuilt as the Light and Sound Museum | ||
| Beaterio-Colegio de Santa Catalina | Colegio de San Juan de Letrán Campus |  | Theschool and convent transferred to its new campus in Legarda Street,Sampaloc. Its Intramuros lot was acquired by the Colegio de San Juan de Letran to expand its postwar campus. | |
| Colegio de Santa Isabel (1632-1945) | Vacant Lot, and Plazuela de Santa Isabel | Colegio de Santa Isabel transferred to its new postwar campus on Taft Avenue just outside the city walls. | ||
| Real Colegio de Santa Potenciana |  | National Commission for Culture and the Arts,Philippine Red Cross (Manila Chapter), Philippine Veterans Building, and the Insurance Center Building | ||
| Santa Clara Monastery | Vacant Lot | |||
| University of Santo Tomas |  | BF Condominiums |  | UST transferred to its Sampaloc Campus in 1927. The College of Law remained at Intramuros. However, after the war, the university decided not to rebuild its Intramuros Campus. |
| Other Buildings | ||||
| Cuartel de España (Spanish Barracks) | University of the City of Manila |  | ||
| Hospital de San Juan de Dios | Lyceum of the Philippines University |  | ||
| Palacio de Santa Potenciana | Philippine Red Cross |  | ||
The Intramuros Administration (IA) is an agency of theDepartment of Tourism that is mandated to orderly restore, administer, and develop the historic walled area of Intramuros that is situated within the modernCity of Manila as well as to insure that the 16th to 19th century Philippine-Spanish architecture remains the general architectural style of the walled area.[42] The Intramuros Administration oversee the day-to-day administration of the district, including the issuance of building permits, traffic re-routing, among others. Its office is located atPalacio del Gobernador inPlaza Roma.[43]
Intramuros is composed of five barangays numbered 654 to 658. These five barangays only serve the welfare of the city's constituents because they neither have executive nor legislative powers.
Barangays 654, 655, and 656 are part of Zone 69 of the City of Manila, while barangays 657 and 658 are part of Zone 70.
| Barangay | Land area (km2) | Population (2020 census) |
|---|---|---|
| Zone 69 | ||
| Barangay 654 | 0.08678 | 1,042 |
| Barangay 655 | 0.2001 | 1,067 |
| Barangay 656 | 0.3210 | 364 |
| Zone 70 | ||
| Barangay 657 | 0.3264 | 982 |
| Barangay 658 | 0.2482 | 2,108 |
{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help){{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)Within the walls, there were some six hundred houses of a private nature, most of them built of stone and tile, and an equal number outside in the suburbs, or "arrabales," all occupied by Spaniards ("todos son vivienda y poblacion de los Españoles"). This gives some twelve hundred Spanish families or establishments, exclusive of the religious, who in Manila numbered at least one hundred and fifty, the garrison, at certain times, about four hundred trained Spanish soldiers who had seen service in Holland and the Low Countries, and the official classes.
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Data from Wikidata
Geographic data related toIntramuros atOpenStreetMapHistoric District ofManila | ||
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| Legislative districts | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
