Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interleukin 20 (IL20) is aprotein that is inhumans encoded by theIL20 gene which is located in close proximity to theIL-10 gene on the 1q32chromosome .[ 5] [ 6] IL-10 family .[ 5]
IL-20 subfamily also includes othercytokines , includingIL-19 , IL-20,IL-22 ,IL-24 , andIL-26 .[ 5] cytokine IL-20 subfamily form an important link betweenthe immune system andepithelial tissues because receptors for thesecytokines are highly expressed onepithelial cells and are almost exclusively produced bycells of theimmune system .[ 7]
IL-20 requires anIL-β-subunit receptor (IL-20RB ) for signaling, which can form a functional heterodimericreceptor with either theα-subunit of the IL-20 receptor (IL-20RA) or the α1-subunit of theIL-22 receptor (IL-22RA1) . Both of these receptor variants allow efficient IL-20 signaling.[ 5] skin ,lungs ,ovary ,testes , andplacenta .[ 5] myeloid cells such asmonocytes ,granulocytes , anddendritic cells but can also be produced bykeratinocytes andfibroblasts .[ 5] IL-1β ,IL-17 ,IL-22 ,TNF , andLPS .[ 5] keratinocytes ,endothelial cells , andadipocytes .[ 8] activator of transcription 3 (STAT3 ) inkeratinocytes .[ 9]
IL-20 has a broad range of functions and is involved in a variety of immune and non-immune processes in the body.[ 5] wound healing , proliferation ofepithelial cells , prevention ofapoptosis ofepithelial cells ,[ 5] differentiation ofkeratinocytes duringinflammation , the expansion ofmultipotential hematopoietic progenitor cells , and more.[ 10]
A specificreceptor for thiscytokine is highly upregulated inpsoriatic skin .[ 6] [ 11] regulation of IL-20 could lead to uncontrollablewound healing inpsoriasis , which could be a contributing factor to thepathogenesis of this disease .[ 11]
Because IL-20 is involved in the promotion ofproliferation ofepithelial cells it is also linked to the development ofcancer .Receptors for IL-20 are very often expressed ontumorous cells ofepithelial origin.[ 12] bladder cancer .[ 12] chronic inflammation which may reduce the chance of developingcancer . So the role of IL-20 incancer development is ambiguous and needs to be further explored.[ 13]
IL-20 is anangiogenesis factor and is highly expressed inartery plaques found in patients withatherosclerosis .[ 14]
In rheumatoid arthritis [ edit ] IL-20 is involved in many stages ofrheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression.[ 15] chemokines MCP-1 andIL-8 insynovial fibroblasts , which attractneutrophils andT-cells .[ 16] [ 17] TNF-α ,IL-1 , andIL-6 , which are involved in thepathogenesis ofRA .[ 15] synovial fluid ofRA patients.Serum levels of IL-20 are not different from those of healthy controls, suggesting that IL-20 is involved in thepathogenesis ofRA only at local sites ofinflammation .[ 15] synovial membranes ofRA patients.[ 15] RA , anti-IL-20 antibody is now in a clinical trial forRA .[ 15] [ 18]
Anti-IL-20monoclonal antibodies have been researched asclinical candidates for the treatment or prevention ofpsoriasis ,rheumatoid arthritis ,atherosclerosis ,osteoporosis , andstroke .[ 10] [ 17] [ 19] RA inrats , mitigate bone destruction, and more. The anti-IL-20antibody neutralizes not only IL-20 signaling but also decreasesTNF-α ,IL-1 , andIL-6 signaling in vivo.[ 15] [ 18] recombinant monoclonal antibody against IL-20 developed byNovo Nordisk Inc. now enteredthe IIb phase of aclinical trial .[ 15]
^a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000162891 –Ensembl , May 2017^a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026416 –Ensembl , May 2017^ "Human PubMed Reference:" .National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" .National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^a b c d e f g h i Rutz S, Wang X, Ouyang W (December 2014). "The IL-20 subfamily of cytokines--from host defence to tissue homeostasis".Nature Reviews. Immunology .14 (12):783– 795.doi :10.1038/nri3766 .PMID 25421700 .S2CID 29114703 . ^a b Kontogiorgis CA, Hadjipavlou-Litina DJ (January 2002). "Non steroidal anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy agents".Current Medicinal Chemistry .9 (1):89– 98.doi :10.2174/187152306778017683 .PMID 11860351 . ^ Ouyang W, Rutz S, Crellin NK, Valdez PA, Hymowitz SG (2011-04-23). "Regulation and functions of the IL-10 family of cytokines in inflammation and disease".Annual Review of Immunology .29 (1):71– 109.doi :10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101312 .PMID 21166540 . ^ Sa SM, Valdez PA, Wu J, Jung K, Zhong F, Hall L, et al. (February 2007)."The effects of IL-20 subfamily cytokines on reconstituted human epidermis suggest potential roles in cutaneous innate defense and pathogenic adaptive immunity in psoriasis" .Journal of Immunology .178 (4):2229– 2240.doi :10.4049/jimmunol.178.4.2229 PMID 17277128 .S2CID 1870754 . ^ "Entrez Gene: Interleukin 20" .^a b Kragstrup TW, Greisen SR, Nielsen MA, Rhodes C, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Hetland ML, et al. (March 2016)."The interleukin-20 receptor axis in early rheumatoid arthritis: novel links between disease-associated autoantibodies and radiographic progression" .Arthritis Research & Therapy .18 (1): 61.doi :10.1186/s13075-016-0964-7 PMC 4788924 PMID 26968800 . {{cite journal }}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link )^a b Sano S, Chan KS, Carbajal S, Clifford J, Peavey M, Kiguchi K, et al. (January 2005). "Stat3 links activated keratinocytes and immunocytes required for development of psoriasis in a novel transgenic mouse model".Nature Medicine .11 (1):43– 49.doi :10.1038/nm1162 .PMID 15592573 .S2CID 20474354 . ^a b Lee SJ, Lee EJ, Kim SK, Jeong P, Cho YH, Yun SJ, et al. (2012-09-04). Frangogiannis N (ed.)."Identification of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with muscle invasive bladder cancer; the roles of IL-5, IL-20, and IL-28A" .PLOS ONE .7 (9): e40267.Bibcode :2012PLoSO...740267L .doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0040267 PMC 3433484 PMID 22962576 . ^ Meira LB, Bugni JM, Green SL, Lee CW, Pang B, Borenshtein D, et al. (July 2008)."DNA damage induced by chronic inflammation contributes to colon carcinogenesis in mice" .The Journal of Clinical Investigation .118 (7):2516– 2525.doi :10.1172/JCI35073 .PMC 2423313 PMID 18521188 . ^ Chen WY, Cheng BC, Jiang MJ, Hsieh MY, Chang MS (September 2006)."IL-20 is expressed in atherosclerosis plaques and promotes atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice" .Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology .26 (9):2090– 2095.doi :10.1161/01.ATV.0000232502.88144.6f PMID 16778121 .S2CID 8237021 . ^a b c d e f g Hsu YH, Chang MS (June 2017). "IL-20 in rheumatoid arthritis".Drug Discovery Today .22 (6):960– 964.doi :10.1016/j.drudis.2015.08.002 .PMID 26297177 . ^ Hsu YH, Li HH, Hsieh MY, Liu MF, Huang KY, Chin LS, et al. (September 2006)."Function of interleukin-20 as a proinflammatory molecule in rheumatoid and experimental arthritis" .Arthritis and Rheumatism .54 (9):2722– 2733.doi :10.1002/art.22039 PMID 16947773 . ^a b Kragstrup TW, Otkjaer K, Holm C, Jørgensen A, Hokland M, Iversen L, Deleuran B (January 2008)."The expression of IL-20 and IL-24 and their shared receptors are increased in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthropathy" (PDF) .Cytokine .41 (1):16– 23.doi :10.1016/j.cyto.2007.10.004 .PMID 18061474 . ^a b Hsu YH, Chang MS (May 2014). "The therapeutic potential of anti-interleukin-20 monoclonal antibody".Cell Transplantation .23 (4– 5):631– 639.doi :10.3727/096368914X678319 .PMID 24816455 .S2CID 10729459 . ^ Hsu YH, Chen WY, Chan CH, Wu CH, Sun ZJ, Chang MS (August 2011)."Anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts and protects against osteoporotic bone loss" .The Journal of Experimental Medicine .208 (9):1849– 1861.doi :10.1084/jem.20102234 .PMC 3171097 PMID 21844205 .
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