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Integrated ticketing

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Transport ticketing system

Integrated ticketing enables a journey involving transfers within orbetween different modes of transportation using a single ticket that is valid for the entire journey.[1] These modes includebuses,trains,subways, andferries, among others. The purpose of integrated ticketing is to promotepublic transport use by simplifying transitions between different modes and improving service efficiency.

In many instances, integrated ticketing is facilitated throughelectronic ticketing technologies such asmagnetic stripe cards,smart cards orcontactless smart card. Some smart card systems, such as Hong Kong’sOctopus card, are also used for payments beyond transportation, including goods and services.[2] While electronic methods are prevalent, certain public transport systems still utilize paper tickets, which permit transfers within a specified area or, in some cases, allow unlimited travel during designated periods, as seen with theTransperth FamilyRider in Australia.

Countries such as Switzerland have established national integrated ticketing systems that extend beyond transportation to include access to leisure destinations, museums, and other services.[3] Other nations, such as the United Kingdom, Australia, and Sweden, have implemented similar systems within major cities and metropolitan areas.

The successful implementation of integrated ticketing requires extensive coordination and cooperation among public transport providers and technology suppliers. Political, technological, and project management challenges have contributed to significant delays in some projects. For example, the system in Sydney required a restart,[4] and in Dublin, the project faced substantial delays after its initiation in 2002, with theTFI Leap Card system launching in December 2011.[5] Similarly, the process of replacing magnetic stripe cards with smart cards in Stockholm took several years, nearing completion after a project initiated in 2002.[6]

Examples

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Examples of integrated ticketing around the world:

Asia Pacific

[edit]
AreaTransport AuthoritySystem NameTicket TypeOperational SinceTransport TypesComment
AdelaideAdelaide MetroMetroCARDSmart cardNovember 2012Buses, trains &trams
AucklandAuckland TransportAT HOP cardSmart card27 October 2012Buses, ferries & trains
Snapper cardSmart card2011[7]Buses (NZ Bus-operated services only)To be phased out from April 2013
CanberraTransport CanberraMyWaySmart cardFebruary 2011Buses,light rail
JakartaPT Jakarta Lingko IndonesiaJak LingkoSmart cardDecember 2017Commuter rail, LRT, MRT, BRT,Angkot
Kuala LumpurLand Public Transport CommissionTouch 'n GoSmart card1997Commuter rail, LRT, MRT, Monorail, BRT, Buses, Parking, Toll fare
MelbournePublic Transport VictoriamykiSmart card2009Buses,trains,trams & restrictedregional rail servicesReplaced theMetcard system in the Melbourne metro area in 2012
PerthTransperth[8]SmartRiderSmart cardJanuary 2007Buses, ferries & trainsReplaced theMultiRider magnetic stripe card system. Paper tickets are also available. SmartRider is also available for use inBunbury,Busselton,Geraldton &Kalgoorlie[9]
SingaporeLand Transport AuthorityEZ-LinkSmart card2001MRT (subway), bus, parkingCEPAS-compliant EZ-Link cards have replaced original EZ-Link cards in 2009
South East QueenslandTranslink[10]go cardSmart cardJanuary 2008[11]Buses, ferries, trams & trains
SydneyTransport for NSWOpal cardSmart cardDecember 2012Buses,ferries, light rail, trains

Europe

[edit]
AreaTransport AuthoritySystem NameTicket TypeOperational SinceTransport TypesComment
NetherlandsTrans Link Systems[12]OV-chipkaart[13]Smart card2002All public transport on the Dutch mainland (trains, metros, trams, buses, ferries, ships, etc.).[14]TheOV-chipkaart was launched in 2002[15] but only fully replaced the nationalstrippenkaart of the 1980s for buses, trams, and metro trains in 2011,[16] and the paper ticket system for rail travel in July 2014.[17] In 2022, a new system has been gradually rolled out calledOVpay, which allows travellers to also use their bank cards, smartphones and smartwatches in addition to the already existing smart card to use the public transportation system.[18]
Greater Dublin AreaNational Transport AuthorityTFI Leap Card[19]Smart card2011Buses, trains,LUAS and the futureMetro[20]* Integrated ticketing not currently available. Journeys involving change of bus or transfer from Luas/DART/Bus are charged as separate journeys
Greater LondonTfL[21]Oyster cardSmart cardJuly 2003Bus,tube,trams,DLR,London Overground & mostNational Rail services[21]
TravelcardMagnetic stripe ticket, or loaded into anOyster cardMay 1983
Greater StockholmSL[22]SL-kortSmart cardMay 2022Buses, Metro, rail, tram, ferriesReplaced theSL Access smart card system.
Lombardy (Italian region)Regione LombardiaIo Viaggio Ovunque[23]Paper ticket / Magnet-Electronic paper ticket(SBME) / Smart Card(Io Viaggio)2011for travel on the entire localpublic transport network in the region of Lombardy: urban, suburban and intercity buses, trams, subways/metro,regional trains,[24] boats (onLake Iseo only), and more1 to 7 days tickets can be purchased by anyone;[25] monthly and more long[26] have different features, and require subscription that provides / enable personal smart card.
Northern IrelandTranslink[27]SmartlinkSmart cardOctober 2009Bus In Belfast,Bus In Derry,Regional & Intercity Bus,Railways services[27]
ParisRATP/SNCFNavigo pass, Mobilis/Jeunes one-day ticketsSmart card / magnetic ticket2006Subway, commuter rail (RER and Transilien), tramway, bus
SwitzerlandSwiss Federal Railways[28]Swiss PassMagnetic stripe card1989[29]Buses, trains,ships andtramways
SuboticaSubotica-Trans[30]SuBusSmart card2012Buses

North America

[edit]
AreaTransport AuthoritySystem NameTicket TypeOperational SinceTransport TypesComment
Greater Toronto AreaMetrolinx[31]Presto cardSmart card2009Subway, commuter rail (GO Transit) tramways, buses.

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^"Integrated Ticketing". Dublin Bus. 2008-02-07. Archived fromthe original on 2009-04-24. Retrieved2009-05-07.
  2. ^"Octopus Products". Octopus Cards Limited. Archived fromthe original on 2007-02-24. Retrieved2009-05-07.
  3. ^Example of combined ticket for entry into thermal spas, Valais, Switzerland.http://www.carpostal.ch/en/pag-startseite/pag-kundenservice/pag-postauto-in-ihrer-naehe/pag-wallis/pag-sparangebote-wallis.htm
  4. ^"Tcard: here we go again". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2008-07-03. Retrieved2009-05-08.
  5. ^"Integrated ticket chaos". The Sunday Business Post Online. 2007-11-18. Retrieved2009-05-07.[permanent dead link]
  6. ^Grahn, Albin (2008-09-01)."SL sjösatte försenat biljettsystem".Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). SvD. Retrieved2009-05-08.
  7. ^"Auckland Integrated Fares System (AIFS) Programme". Auckland Regional Transport Authority. Archived fromthe original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved2009-05-07.
  8. ^"General Fare Information". Transperth. Retrieved2009-10-23.
  9. ^Regional town services Transperth
  10. ^"go card". TransLink. Archived fromthe original on April 28, 2009. Retrieved2009-05-08.
  11. ^Phipps, Julia (2008-01-29)."TransLink GoCard finally launched". couriermail.com.au. Retrieved2009-05-08.
  12. ^ons, Over."Over ons".www.translink.nl. Retrieved2024-02-05.
  13. ^"Personal OV-chipkaart - OV-Chipkaart.nl".www.ov-chipkaart.nl. Retrieved2024-02-05.
  14. ^"Personal OV-chipkaart - OV-Chipkaart.nl".www.ov-chipkaart.nl. Retrieved2024-02-05.
  15. ^Dekker, Vincent (2008-04-22)."OV-chip was in 1992 prachtidee".Trouw (in Dutch). Retrieved2024-03-05.
  16. ^janvdm (2011-11-03)."Strippenkaart disappears from all buses, trams and metros".DutchNews.nl. Retrieved2024-02-05.
  17. ^Pascoe, Robin (2014-07-09)."Paper train tickets vanish".DutchNews.nl. Retrieved2024-02-05.
  18. ^Sanou, Hanneke (2023-01-26)."OV-chipkaart out? Pay for your train trip by phone or bank card".DutchNews.nl. Retrieved2024-02-05.
  19. ^"Great Leap forward as commuter card unveiled". Independent.ie. 2011-06-11. Retrieved2011-08-13.
  20. ^"Dublin Metro North and Metro West, Republic of Ireland". Kable, a trading division of Kable Intelligence Limited. Retrieved2009-07-24.
  21. ^ab"What is Oyster?". Transport for London. Retrieved2009-05-07.
  22. ^"Travelling with SL". Storstockholms Lokaltrafik. Archived fromthe original on April 3, 2010. Retrieved2009-05-07.
  23. ^(in Italian) Io Viaggio / Io Viaggio Ovunquehttp://www.ioviaggio.regione.lombardia.it/
  24. ^"Io Viaggio Ovunque in Lombardia" tickets are valid for journeys between places inside the region Lombardy only with the follows kind of trains: Regionale Veloce "RV", Regio Express "RE", Regionale /TiLo "R" (with some limitations about journeys starting or ending inMalpensa Airport stations, see .pdf files about "MXP" limitations scheme below linked),Suburbano "S", and partially for theMalpensa Express "MXP" special train ( usually are not allowed journeys from or toMalpensa Airport stations, never allowed with 1 to 7 days tickets; see limitations scheme - in Italian language - athttp://www.trenord.it/media/1979484/avvisotrenord_2017_059_prosp_tab_mxp-mi_rl_new.pdfArchived 2020-06-05 at theWayback Machine andhttp://www.trenord.it/media/1979487/avvisotrenord_2017_060_prosp_tab_bellinz-_mxp_t2_rl.pdf[permanent dead link] linked in web pagehttp://www.trenord.it/it/circolazione-e-linee/le-linee/malpensa-express.aspxArchived 2015-01-06 at theWayback Machine).1 to 7 days tickets allows use of 1st and 2nd class (The 1st class is present on almost all of "RV" and "RE" trains, very rarely on "R" trains, never on "S" trains; 1st class is also present in the "MXP" trains, but remind that with "Io Viaggio 1-7 days" tickets "MXP" trains are accessible only for journeys that not start or end at Malpensa Airport Station. Note that trains can however display in their onboard indications 1st and 2nd class zones, but this not matter if the trains are programmed for "2nd class only" by the paper formtimetable in force). Monthly and more long subscription allows use of 2nd class only.
  25. ^"Trenord - Single Tickets - MULTI-DAY PASSES [Io Viaggio in Lombardia](Io Viaggio Ovunque in Lombardia, I.V.O.L., IVOL)". TRENORD S.r.l. Retrieved2016-11-13.
  26. ^"Trenord - Integrated Rail Passes - IO VIAGGIO OVUNQUE IN PROVINCIA/IO VIAGGIO OVUNQUE IN LOMBARDIA". TRENORD S.r.l. Archived fromthe original on 2016-11-21. Retrieved2016-11-21.
  27. ^ab"What is Oyster?".
  28. ^"Swiss Travel System". Switzerland Travel Centre. Retrieved2009-05-15.
  29. ^Furlaud, Alice (1991-09-29)."TRAVEL ADVISORY; City Rides Added To Swiss Pass".The New York Times. Retrieved2010-05-05.
  30. ^"Subotica-Trans". Subotica Trans. Archived fromthe original on 2009-09-18. Retrieved2014-07-15.
  31. ^"PRESTO Frequently Asked Questions".web.archive.org. 2019-07-16. Retrieved2025-03-22.
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