Ingush is not divided into dialects with the exception ofGalanchoz [ru] (native name: Галай-Чӏож/Галайн-Чӏаж), which is considered to be transitional betweenChechen and Ingush.[6]
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It is possible that during the period of 8–12th century, when the Temples likeTkhaba-Yerdy emerged in Ingushetia, a writing system based on aGeorgian script emerged. This is attested by the fact that a non-Georgian name, 'Enola', was found written on the arc of Tkhaba-Yerdy.[9] Furthermore, Georgian text was found on archaeological items in Ingushetia that could not be deciphered.[10]
^The choice of-azh vs.-ii is lexically determined for the nominative, but other cases are predictable.
^-uo is the only productive form.-z appears with personal names, kin terms, and other nouns referring to humans.-aa occurs with some declensions and is increasingly unproductive in colloquial use.
Like many Northeast Caucasian languages, Ingush uses avigesimal system, where numbers lower than twenty are counted as in a base-ten system, but higher decads are base-twenty.
Orthography
Phonetic
Value
Composition
cwa
[t͡sʕʌ]
1
shi
[ʃɪ]
2
qo
[qo]
3
d.i'1
[dɪʔ]
4
pxi
[pxɪ]
5
jaalx
[jalx]
6
vorh
[vʷor̥]
7
baarh
[bar̥]
8
iis
[is]
9
itt
[itː]
10
cwaitt
[t͡sʕɛtː]
11
1+10
shiitt
[ʃitː]
12
2+10
qoitt
[qoitː]
13
3+10
d.iitt1
[ditː]
14
4+10
pxiitt
[pxitː]
15
5+10
jalxett
[jʌlxɛtː]
16
6+10
vuriit
[vʷʊritː]
17
7+10
bareitt
[bʌreitː]
18
8+10
tq'iesta
[tqʼiːestə̆]
19
tq'o
[tqʼo]
20
tq'ea itt
[tqʼɛ̯æjitː]
30
20+10
shouztq'a
[ʃouztqʼə̆]
40
2×20
shouztq'aj itt
[ʃouztqʼetː]
50
2×20+10
bwea
[bʕɛ̯æ]
100
shi bwea
[ʃɪ bʕɛ̯æ]
200
2×100
ezar
[ɛzər]
1000
loan from Persian
Note that "four" and its derivatives begin with noun-class marker.d- is merely the default value.
In Ingush, "for main clauses, other than episode-initial and other all-new ones,verb-second order is most common. The verb, or the finite part of a compound verb or analytic tense form (i.e. the light verb or the auxiliary), follows the first word or phrase in the clause".[15]
^ab"Ингушский язык" [The Ingush language].minlang.iling-ran.ru. Minority languages of Russia: A project of the Institute of Linguistics (Russian Academy of Sciences). RetrievedAugust 4, 2024.
Chentieva, Maryam (1958). Oshaev, Khalid (ed.).История Чечено-Ингушской письменности [The History of Checheno-Ingush writing] (in Russian). Grozny: Checheno-Ingush Book Publishing House. pp. 1–86.
