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Foreign relations of Cyprus

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Cyprus is a member of theUnited Nations[1] along with most of its agencies as well as theCommonwealth of Nations,World Bank,International Monetary Fund andCouncil of Europe. In addition, the country has signed theGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Agreement (MIGA). Cyprus has been a member of theEuropean Union since 2004 and in the second half of 2012 it held thePresidency of the Council of the European Union.[2]

Historical non-alignment

[edit]
See also:Cyprus and the Non-Aligned Movement andCyprus–NATO relations

Cyprus has historically followed anon-aligned foreign policy, although it increasingly identifies with the West in its cultural affinities and trade patterns, and maintains close relations with theEuropean Union, Greece, Armenia, Lebanon, Israel and the United States.

Cyprus former PresidentMakarios III at a state visit inMunich with the German Chancellor in 1962

The prime originator of Cypriot non-alignment was Archbishop of CyprusMakarios III, the firstPresident (1960–1977) of the independent republic of Cyprus. Prior to independence, Makarios - by virtue of his post asArchbishop of Cyprus and head of theCypriot Orthodox Church - was theGreek Cypriot Ethnarch, orde facto leader of the community. A highly influential figure well before independence, he participated in the 1955Bandung Conference. After independence, Makarios took part in the1961 founding meeting of theNon-Aligned Movement inBelgrade.

Cyprus representations abroad
  resident embassy
  non-resident embassy
  diplomatic relations only, but no mission

  states that don't recognise theRepublic of Cyprus

Reasons for this neutrality may lie in the extreme pressures exerted on the infant Republic by its larger neighbours, Turkey and Greece.Intercommunal rivalries and movements forunion with Greece or partial union with Turkey may have persuaded Makarios to steer clear of close affiliation with either side. In any case Cyprus became a high-profile member of the Non-Aligned Movement and retained its membership until its entry into theEuropean Union in 2004. At the non-governmental level, Cyprus has also been a member of the popular extension of the Non-Aligned Movement, theAfro-Asian Peoples' Solidarity Organisation hosting several high-level meetings.

Immediately after the 1974 Greek-sponsoredcoup d'état and theTurkish invasion, Makarios secured international recognition of his administration as the legitimate government of the whole island. This was disputed only byTurkey, which currently recognizes only theTurkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, established in 1983.

Since the 1974 crisis, the chief aim of the foreign policy of the Republic of Cyprus has been to secure the withdrawal of Turkish forces and the reunification of the island under the most favorable constitutional and territorial settlement possible. This campaign has been pursued primarily through international forums such as theUnited Nations and theNon-Aligned Movement, and in recent years through the European Union.

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Cyprus maintains diplomatic relations with:

#CountryDate[3]
1 France16 August 1960[4]
2 Greece16 August 1960[5]
— Turkey (suspended)16 August 1960[5]
3 United Kingdom16 August 1960[5][6]
4 United States16 August 1960[7]
5 Israel17 August 1960[8]
6 Russia18 August 1960[9]
7 Germany20 August 1960[10]
8 Lebanon20 September 1960[11]
9 Netherlands24 September 1960[12]
10 Serbia7 October 1960[13]
11 Hungary18 October 1960[14]
12 Egypt25 October 1960[15]
13 Syria25 October 1960[15]
14 Bulgaria30 October 1960[16]
15 Denmark2 November 1960[17]
16 Romania13 November 1960[18]
17 Cuba22 November 1960[19]
19 Sweden12 December 1960[20]
20 Czech Republic22 December 1960[21]
20 Belgium1960[22]
21 Poland15 January 1961[23]
22 Canada14 August 1961[24]
23 Finland2 September 1961[25]
24 Italy12 September 1961[26]
25 Malaysia1961[27]
26 Pakistan1961[28]
27 Saudi Arabia1961[29]
28 India10 February 1962[30]
29 Jordan26 February 1962[31]
30 Japan15 June 1962[32]
31 Chile26 June 1962[33]
32 Austria25 October 1962[34]
33 Sudan24 January 1963[35]
34 Norway22 March 1963[36]
35  Switzerland3 December 1963[37]
36 Ivory Coast25 January 1964[38]
37 Brazil21 July 1964[39]
38 Uruguay24 November 1965[40]
39 Colombia11 February 1966[41]
40 Peru12 September 1966[42]
41 Spain12 December 1967[43]
42 Argentina20 May 1968[44]
43 Luxembourg3 March 1970[45]
44 Nigeria1970[46]
45 Panama11 February 1971[42]
46 China14 December 1971[47]
47 Guyana11 February 1972[48]
48 Barbados27 February 1972[49]
49 Trinidad and Tobago25 May 1972[50]
50 Jamaica31 August 1972[51]
51 Malta13 September 1972[52]
52 Kenya1972[53]
– Holy See31 January 1973[54]
53 Iraq22 June 1973[55]
54 Libya8 November 1973[56]
55 Mongolia19 December 1973[57]
56 Australia1973[58]
57 Mexico21 February 1974[59]
58 Cameroon1974[60]
59 Portugal5 March 1975[61]
60 Vietnam1 December 1975[62]
61 Bahamas1975[63]
62 Seychelles1 July 1976[64]
63 Zambia10 December 1976[65]
64 Uganda1 February 1977[66]
65 Papua New Guinea31 March 1978[67]
66 New Zealand9 May 1978[68]
67 Algeria9 November 1978[69]
68 Ecuador14 February 1979[70]
69 Iceland4 September 1979[71]
70 Morocco1979[72]
71 Tanzania1979[73]
72 Sri Lanka4 March 1980[74]
73 Philippines6 March 1980[75]
74 Singapore26 April 1980[76]
75 Grenada29 April 1980
76 Thailand5 May 1980[77]
77 Saint Lucia24 July 1980
78 Suriname25 July 1980
79   Nepal18 August 1980[78]
80 Dominican Republic7 May 1981[79]
81 Costa Rica17 November 1981[39]
82 Bahrain14 January 1982[80]
83 Oman27 January 1982[81]
84 Nicaragua26 May 1982
85 Venezuela10 December 1982[82]
86 Bangladesh11 January 1983[83]
87 Bolivia3 March 1983[84]
88 Yemen8 November 1983[85]
89 Ireland23 November 1984[86]
90 Myanmar15 July 1985[87]
91 Maldives1 November 1987[88]
92 Indonesia4 December 1987[89]
93 Afghanistan1987[90]
94 Gabon21 October 1988[91]
95 Iran2 February 1989[92]
96 Zimbabwe13 February 1989[93]
97 Ghana5 May 1989[94]
98 Mali26 January 1990[95]
99 Rwanda31 March 1990[96]
100 Albania29 August 1991
101 Marshall Islands17 November 1991
102 North Korea23 December 1991
103 Ukraine19 February 1992
104 Kyrgyzstan20 February 1992
105 Moldova21 February 1992
106 Tajikistan27 February 1992
107 Armenia18 March 1992
108 Kazakhstan2 April 1992
109 Belarus9 April 1992
110 Federated States of Micronesia5 May 1992
111 Georgia9 July 1992
112 San Marino20 October 1992[97]
113 Lithuania3 December 1992
114 Slovenia10 December 1992[98]
115 Guatemala17 December 1992
116 Estonia20 December 1992
117 Latvia20 December 1992
118 Slovakia1 January 1993[99]
119 South Africa10 December 1993
120 Croatia4 April 1993[100]
121 Andorra29 June 1995
122 Burundi3 October 1995[101]
123 South Korea28 December 1995
124 Liechtenstein2 October 1996[102]
125 Brunei6 November 1996[103]
126 Uzbekistan30 May 1997
127 El Salvador5 November 1999
128 Bosnia and Herzegovina7 February 2000
129 Nauru23 March 2000
130 Cambodia16 May 2000
131 Samoa24 May 2000
132 Cape Verde31 May 2000
133 Angola1 June 2000
134 Democratic Republic of the Congo20 June 2000[104]
135 Malawi22 June 2000
136 Laos29 June 2000
137 Belize21 July 2000
138 São Tomé and Príncipe7 November 2000
139 Sierra Leone22 November 2000
140 Liberia30 November 2000
141 Gambia8 December 2000
142 Mauritius1 February 2001
143 Ethiopia15 February 2001[105]
144 Qatar21 February 2001
145 Burkina Faso13 June 2001
146 Dominica13 June 2001
147 Eritrea6 August 2001
148 Paraguay8 October 2001
149 Timor-Leste12 June 2002[106]
150 Niger17 September 2002[107]
151 Chad18 September 2002
152 Lesotho25 February 2004
153 Antigua and Barbuda22 July 2004
154 Comoros10 November 2004[108]
155 Honduras7 February 2005
156 Botswana22 February 2005
157 Madagascar4 March 2005[109]
158 Kuwait3 May 2005
159 Mauritania6 May 2005[110]
160 Guinea20 December 2005[111]
161 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines2 August 2006
162 Montenegro12 March 2007[112]
163 United Arab Emirates6 June 2007
164 Namibia4 September 2007[113]
165 Turkmenistan13 November 2007
166 Equatorial Guinea29 February 2008
167 Guinea-Bissau20 May 2008
168 Tonga22 June 2009[114]
169 Solomon Islands5 May 2010
170 Monaco23 February 2011[115]
— Sovereign Military Order of Malta6 June 2012[116]
171 Fiji15 March 2013
— State of Palestine9 February 2013[117][118]
172 Tuvalu2 July 2013
173 Palau10 August 2015
174 Togo24 September 2015
175 Saint Kitts and Nevis8 March 2016[119]
176 North Macedonia30 August 2019
177 South Sudan24 September 2021
178 Benin10 October 2023
179 EswatiniUnknown (before December 2002)[120]
180 MozambiqueUnknown (before October 2006)[117]
181 SenegalUnknown (before October 2006)[117]
182 SomaliaUnknown (before October 2006)[117]
183 TunisiaUnknown (before October 2006)[117]
184 VanuatuUnknown (before November 2005)[121]

Bilateral relations

[edit]

Multilateral

[edit]
OrganizationFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Council of EuropeCyprus joined theCouncil of Europe as a full member on 24 May 1961.
 European UnionSeeCyprus in the European Union
Cyprus joined theEuropean Union as a full member on 1 May 2004.
 NATOSeeCyprus–NATO relations
Cyprus is not a member ofNATO.

Africa

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
 Algeria3 April 1979SeeAlgeria–Cyprus relations
 Burundi
 ComorosCyprus is represented in Comoros by its embassy inPretoria.[127]
 Egypt30 September 1960, severed diplomatic relations 21 February 1978, restored 30 May 1984SeeCyprus–Egypt relations
Egypt is a close ally of Cyprus as both countries share an oilfield. Egypt conquered Cyprus many times in ancient, medieval and modern eras and it was ruled by Egyptians which added Egyptian culture to the local culture and supported increasing the relationship between both countries. The relationship between the two countries was strained in February 1978 whenCypriot National Guardsmen shot dead Egyptian Commandos atLarnaca International Airport when the commandos attempted to intervene in a hostage situation.
  • Cyprus has an embassy inCairo.
  • Egypt has an embassy in Nicosia.
 Eswatini
 Lesotho25 February 2004
 Libya8 November 1973SeeCyprus–Libya relations
 Madagascar
 Malawi22 June 2000
 Mauritania
  • Cyprus is represented in Mauritania by its embassy inTripoli.[136]
  • Mauritania is represented in Cyprus by its embassy inRome.[137]
 MauritiusFebruary 1, 2001[138]
 Morocco1979
 Namibia
 Seychelles1 July 1976
 South AfricaDecember 10, 1993
 Togo24 September 2015Cyprus is represented in Togo by its embassy in Paris, France.[148]
 Tunisia5 November 1999
 Uganda1 February 1977Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 February 1977 when accredited first High Commissioner of Cyprus to Uganda with residence in Nairobi Mr. F. A. Grammenopoulos[149]
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations and have signed an Agreement for Cooperation in the Field of Tourism.[150]
  • Both countries are full members of theCommonwealth of Nations.
 Zambia

Americas

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
 Argentina20 May 1968 and 3 June 1968
 Belize21 July 2000
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 21, 2000.[157]
  • Cyprus is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.[128]
  • Both countries are members of theCommonwealth of Nations.
 BrazilJuly 21, 1964
 CanadaSeeCanada–Cyprus relations

Canadian bilateral political relations with Cyprus stemmed initially from Cypriot Commonwealth membership at independence in 1960 (that had followed a guerrilla struggle with Britain). These relations quickly expanded in 1964 when Canada became a major troop contributor toUNFICYP. The participation lasted for the next 29 years, during which 50,000 Canadian soldiers served and 28 were killed. In large measure Canadian relations with Cyprus continue to revolve around support for the ongoing efforts of theUnited Nations,G8 and others to resolve the Island's divided status. Contacts with Cyprus on other issues also take place in international organizations such as the UN, theOrganization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and theCommonwealth of Nations.

  • Canada is accredited to Cyprus from its embassy inAthens,Greece and an honorary consulate in Nicosia.[161]
  • Cyprus has a High Commission inOttawa and an honorary consulate inVancouver.[162]
 Colombia25 January 1966 and 14 May 1970
  • Colombia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Cyprus is represented in Colombia through its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.
  • In 2010, both Ministers of Foreign Affairs signed a cooperation agreement regarding tourism and the war on drugs.[163]
 Dominica13 June 2001Both countries are members of theCommonwealth of Nations. A Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic ofCyprus and the Commonwealth of Dominica was signed on the 13 June 2001 inNew York[164]
 Guyana11 February 1972
 Mexico20 February 1974SeeCyprus–Mexico relations
  • Cyprus does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to Cyprus from its embassy inAthens,Greece and maintains an honorary consulate in Nicosia.[166]
 Peru19 September 1966
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1966.[167]
  • Cyprus is represented in Peru through its embassy inBrasília,Brazil.[133]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines2 August 2006
 Trinidad and Tobago
 United States16 August 1960SeeCyprus–United States relations
Cyprus presidentDimitris Christofias and Cyprus first lady with U.S. PresidentBarack Obama andMichelle Obama

Asia

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
 Armenia18 March 1992SeeArmenia–Cyprus relations
 China14 December 1971SeeChina–Cyprus relations
 Georgia9 July 1992See Cyprus–Georgia relations
 India10 February 1962SeeCyprus–India relations
 Indonesia4 December 1987SeeCyprus–Indonesia relations
  • Diplomatic relations were established on December 4, 1987[177][178]
  • Cyprus reopened its embassy in Jakarta in October 2023.[179]
  • Indonesia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy inRome,Italy.[180]
 Iran1960s
 Israel17 August 1960SeeCyprus–Israel relations

In the case of Israel, Cyprus has occasionally outwardly backed thePalestinians in theArab–Israeli conflict, to the annoyance of some in the Israeli government. Cyprus, like over 100 other countries, officially recognizes Palestine as a de facto state.

The island is also host to a number of Palestinian and Lebanese refugees.

Relations between the two countries continued to suffer when Cypriot first ladyAntroulla Vasiliou, the wife of the then PresidentGeorge Vasiliou, was declaredpersona non grata in Israel when a delegation she was leading attempted to meet withYasser Arafat, who was under house arrest.

Controversy and public outcry arose in the early 2000s, when members of the Cypriot branch of theGreek Orthodox Church were accused of selling church-owned land in theWest Bank to Israeli developers, putting Cypriot commitment to the Palestinian cause at question.

The expulsion of two alleged Israeli spies from the island in 1998 also caused tension between the two governments.

The two countries now appear to be on improving terms, there has been coopertation on numerous areas but mostly on agriculture, military and tourism. The Cypriot government has also been reported to be making deals with both Israel and Egypt in exploring for oil off the southern Cyprus coast.

Israeli foreign ministerAvigdor Lieberman visited Cyprus at the invitation of his Cypriot counterpart when Netanyahu was in Washington for the direct talks with the Palestinian leader. Lieberman and Cypriot foreign minister Kyprianou have met several times this year in an effort to strengthen relations between their countries.

 Japan11 May 1962
 Jordan11 January 1962
 Kazakhstan2 April 1992
 Kyrgyzstan20 February 1992
 Kuwait3 May 2005SeeCyprus–Kuwait relations
  • Cyprus has an embassy inKuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Nicosia.
 Lebanon20 September 1960
 Maldives1 November 1987
 Mongolia19 December 1973 and 19 December 1979
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on December 19, 1973.[190][191]
  • Cyprus is represented in Mongolia through its embassy inBeijing,China.[133]
  • Mongolia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy inSofia,Bulgaria[192]
 Oman1978
 Palestine1988SeeCyprus–Palestine relations
 Qatar21 February 2001SeeCyprus–Qatar relations
 Saudi ArabiaSee Cyprus–Saudi Arabia relations
  • Cyprus is represented through its honorary consulate inJeddah.
  • Saudi Arabia is represented through its embassy inNicosia.
  • Both countries are members of theUnited Nations.
  • [1]
 Sri LankaMarch 1981
 SyriaSeeCyprus–Syria relations
 Tajikistan27 February 1992
 Thailand5 May 1980
 TurkeySuspendedTurkey does not recognize the government of the Republic of Cyprus, stating that the Republic—as established by the Constitution of 1960—ceased to exist when the intercommunal violence that commenced in December 1963 ended Turkish Cypriot participation in the Cypriot government. The attempted coup in July 1974—engineered by Greek Military Junta—was responded to by Turkey by a full military invasion, which resulted in the northern third of the island being occupied by Turkish military forces. This portion of Cyprus unilaterally declared independence in November 1983 as theTurkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), which only Turkey recognizes. Turkey refers to the Republic of Cyprus government as the "Greek Administration of Southern Cyprus".[199]

Cyprus takes the view that the TRNC government is a puppet administration, and thus prefers to negotiate with Turkey over the resolution of the Cyprus Problem. Turkey insists that the TRNC government is the institution that the RoC government must refer to in negotiations.

Cyprus' accession to the European Union has had a negative impact on Turkey in regards to its own accession negotiations. The refusal of Turkey to allow Cypriot-flagged ships to access Turkish ports has resulted in a partial suspension of its accession negotiations.

 United Arab Emirates12 April 1978 and 6 June 2007SeeCyprus–United Arab Emirates relations
 Vietnam29 November 1975Cyprus is represented in Vietnam through its embassy inNew Delhi,India. Vietnam is represented in Cyprus through its embassy inTripoli,Libya.

Europe

[edit]
See also:Cyprus in the European Union
Cyprus embassy inStockholm
Cyprus embassy inMoscow

Cyprus' 1990 application for fullEU membership caused a storm in the Turkish Cypriot community, which argued that the move required their consent. Following the December 1997 EU Summit decisions onEU enlargement, accession negotiations began 31 March 1998. Cyprus joined the European Union on 1 May 2004. To fulfil its commitment as a member of the European Union, Cyprus withdrew from the Non-Aligned Movement on accession, retaining observer status.

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
 Albania28 August 1991
 AustriaSeeAustria–Cyprus relations
  • Austria has an embassy inNicosia.
  • Cyprus has an embassy inVienna.
  • Austria joined theEuropean Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Cyprus joined on 1 May 2004.
 Belgium1960
 Bulgaria30 October 1960SeeBulgaria–Cyprus relations
 Croatia4 February 1993SeeCroatia–Cyprus relations
 Czech Republic1 February 1961 and 1 January 1993SeeCyprus–Czech Republic relations
 Denmark2 November 1960SeeCyprus–Denmark relations
 Estonia20 December 1991
 Finland29 September 1961See Cyprus–Finland relations
 France16 August 1960SeeCyprus–France relations
 Germany20 August 1960SeeCyprus–Germany relations
 Greece16 August 1960
  • SeeCyprus–Greece relations
  • Cyprus has an embassy inAthens and a consulate-general inThessaloniki.
  • Greece has an embassy in Nicosia.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union and of theCouncil of Europe.
  • The Greek Cypriot majority in Cyprus and the ethnic Greek population of Greece share a common ethnicity, heritage, language, and religion, leading to an exceptionally close relationship between the two countries.
 Hungary18 October 1960
IcelandIceland4 September 1979
Republic of IrelandIreland23 November 1984SeeCyprus–Ireland relations
 Italy1960
 Latvia
  • Cyprus is represented in Latvia through its embassy inStockholm (Sweden).
  • Latvia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy inAthens (Greece). and an honorary consulates inLimassol.
  • Both countries became members of theEuropean Union on 1 May 2004.
 Lithuania3 December 1992
 Luxembourg
  • Cyprus is represented to Luxembourg through its accredited embassy inThe Hague (Netherlands).
  • Luxembourg is represented to Cyprus through its accredited embassy inAthens (Greece).
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union.
 Malta13 September 1972SeeCyprus–Malta relations
 Moldova21 February 1992
 Monaco24 February 2011
 Montenegro12 March 2007SeeCyprus–Montenegro relations
 Netherlands1960SeeCyprus–Netherlands relations
 Norway22 March 1963SeeCyprus–Norway relations

Cyprus–Norway relations are foreign relations between Cyprus andNorway. Diplomatic relations were established on 22 March 1963.[220] The government in Cyprus considers that "bilateral relations between Cyprus and Norway are excellent in all fields".[221]

Neither country has resident ambassadors. Cyprus is represented in Norway through its embassy inStockholm, Sweden, and 2 honorary consulates, one inOslo and the second inKristiansand. Norway is represented in Cyprus through its embassy inAthens, Greece, and an honorary consulate in Nicosia.[222] Both countries are full members of theCouncil of Europe. Diplomatic relations were established on 22 March 1963.[221]

On 21 August 1951, there was a Consular Convention and an Exchange of Letters relating to establishing diplomatic relations. On 2 May 1951, there was aConvention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income. On 17 May 1962, there was an Exchange of Letters constituting anAgreement on the Abolition of Visa Requirement inNicosia. On 5 March 1963, there was an Agreement on Commercial Scheduled Air Transport signed inLondon.[223]

The taxation levels in Cyprus are considerably lower than in Norway, and Cyprus has actively courted Norwegians to move to Cyprus.[224] Among the Norwegians who moved to Cyprus is the shipping billionaireJohn Fredriksen, who was the richest man in Norway.[225][226][227]

In 1996 tax rules in Norway were changed to keep shipping companies competitive and under the Norwegian flag. By 2008 changes to thetonnage tax regime to harmonize them with theEuropean Union forced some companies to register in Cyprus.[228] NorwegianService rig companyProsafe moved their headquarters to Cyprus.[229]

Several Norwegian retirees also moved to Cyprus; this too is largely to benefit from the lower tax rate on Cyprus and the minimal crime.[230]

 Poland15 January 1961SeeCyprus–Poland relations
 Portugal5 March 1975
 Romania15 November 1960
 Russia18 August 1960SeeCyprus–Russia relations
Presidents ofRussia and Cyprus meet at least once every year.
  • TheUSSR established diplomatic relations with the newly independent Republic of Cyprus on 18 August 1960.
  • Cooperation between both countries has increased since the 1990s and the fall of the USSR.
  • Cyprus has anembassy in Moscow and consulates-general inKrasnodar,Saint Petersburg,Samara and inYekaterinburg.
  • Russia has an embassy in Nicosia.
 Serbia7 October 1960SeeCyprus–Serbia relations
 Slovakia1 January 1993
 Slovenia10 December 1992SeeCyprus–Slovenia relations
 Spain25 December 1967SeeCyprus–Spain relations
 Sweden12 December 1960SeeCyprus–Sweden relations
  Switzerland
  • Cyprus is represented in Switzerland through its embassy inRome (Italy).
  • Switzerland has an embassy inNicosia.
 Ukraine19 February 1992
 United Kingdom16 August 1960SeeCyprus–United Kingdom relations
Cyprus establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 16 August 1960. The UK is a "guarantor power" of Cyprus's independence.

The UK governedCyprus from 1878 until 1960, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of theCommonwealth, theCouncil of Europe,European Court of Human Rights, theInternational Criminal Court, theOSCE, and theWorld Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.[244]

Oceania

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
 Australia
  • Australia has a High Commission in Nicosia.[245]
  • Cyprus has a High Commission inCanberra.[246]
 Fiji1978
 New Zealand
 Papua New Guinea31 March 1978
 Solomon IslandsMay 5, 2010
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 5, 2010.[248]
  • Cyprus is represented in the Solomon Islands via parallel accreditation of its High Commission inCanberra,Australia.[128]
  • Both countries are full members of theCommonwealth of Nations.
 Vanuatu26 February 1990

Multilateral relations

[edit]

International disputes

[edit]
Condoleezza Rice by US ambassadors inLarnaca International Airport, Cyprus

The 1974 invasion of the Turkish army divided theisland nation into two. The internationally recognised Republic of Cyprus currently has effective control in the south of the island (59% of the island's land area) while its area not under its effective control makes up 37% of the island. Turkey utilising the territory occupied during theinvasion recognizes a declaredseparatist[249]UDI of Turkish Cypriots in 1983, contrary to multiple United Nations Security Council Resolutions. The two territories of the Republic are separated by aUnited Nations Buffer Zone (4% of the island); there are twoUK sovereign base areas mostly within the Greek Cypriot portion of the island.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"UN Security Council Resolution 155 (1960)"(PDF). United Nations. August 23, 1960. RetrievedJanuary 29, 2007.[permanent dead link]
  2. ^"Cyprus Presidency of the Council of the European Union 2012". European Union. Archived fromthe original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved19 February 2015.
  3. ^"Diplomatic relations between Cyprus and ..."United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved12 November 2021.
  4. ^Gruel-Dieudé, Magali (2007).Chypre et l'Union européenne: mutations diplomatiques et politiques (in French).Harmattan. p. 91.
  5. ^abcYitzhak Oron.Middle East Record Volume 1, 1960 Volume 1. Published for The Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center by George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Limited. p. 229.
  6. ^Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. (1970).The Diplomatic Service List. H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 136–149.
  7. ^"A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Cyprus". Retrieved12 November 2021.
  8. ^Yitzhak, Oron.Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961, issue 2. The Moshe Dayan Center. p. 326.
  9. ^"Relations between Cyprus and Russia". Retrieved12 November 2021.
  10. ^"Steckbrief".Deutsche Botschaft Nikosia (in German). Retrieved12 November 2021.
  11. ^"History". Archived fromthe original on 13 July 2024. Retrieved24 July 2023.
  12. ^"Inventaris van het archief van het Nederlandse Gezantschap, later de Ambassade op Cyprus, 1955- 1964" (in Dutch). p. 8. Retrieved13 November 2021.
  13. ^"Cyprus". Retrieved12 November 2021.
  14. ^"Ciprus - Hasznos Információk" (in Hungarian). Retrieved12 November 2021.
  15. ^abDaily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts 206-210. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1960. p. 17.
  16. ^"Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian).
  17. ^"Bilateral Relations between Cyprus and Denmark". Retrieved12 November 2021.
  18. ^"Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Archived fromthe original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved12 November 2021.
  19. ^"THE PRESIDENT OF CYPRUS RECEIVES THE CREDENTIAL LETTERS OF THE CUBAN AMBASSADOR". 8 February 2018. Archived fromthe original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved13 November 2021.
  20. ^"Bilateral agreements". Retrieved12 November 2021.
  21. ^Petruf, Pavol.Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 (in Slovak). p. 105.
  22. ^"The President of the Republic received the credentials of the Ambassador of Belgium". 6 February 2020. Retrieved14 November 2021.
  23. ^"60th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between Poland and Cyprus". 15 January 2021. Retrieved12 November 2021.
  24. ^Linwood, DeLong (January 2020)."A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Retrieved26 June 2023.
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