Hunchun 珲春市 · 훈춘시 | |
|---|---|
 A street in Hunchun, with signage in Chinese, Korean, and Russian | |
 Hunchun in Yanbian | |
  Hunchun Location of the city center in Jilin | |
| Coordinates:42°51′47″N130°21′58″E / 42.863°N 130.366°E /42.863; 130.366 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Jilin |
| Prefecture | Yanbian |
| Seat | Xin'an Subdistrict |
| Area | |
| 5,145.4 km2 (1,986.7 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 125.39 km2 (48.41 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 41 m (135 ft) |
| Population (2017)[1] | |
| 271,000 | |
| • Density | 53/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 216,300 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 133300 |
| Hunchun | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 珲春市 | ||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 琿春市 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Chinese Korean name | |||||||
| Chosŏn'gŭl | 훈춘시 | ||||||
| |||||||
| South Korean name | |||||||
| Hangul | 혼춘시 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Russian name | |||||||
| Russian | Хуньчунь | ||||||
Hunchun[a] is acounty-level city in theYanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture withinJilin province to the far east. It bordersNorth Hamgyong Province inNorth Korea andPrimorsky Krai inRussia, has over 250,000 inhabitants, and covers 5,145 square kilometers.[2][3] The site of the eastern capital of theBalhae Kingdom between 785 and 793,Donggyeong, was located here.
The city's name Hunchun comes fromHuncun in Manchu language (Manchu:ᡥᡠᠨᠴᡠᠨ, Möllendorff:huncun, Abkai:hunqun).[4] The city and the villageFangchuan is located near thepoint of junction of the borders of China, Russia, and North Korea; provided with an observation platform, it is a popular tourist attraction.[5]
Hunchun has foursubdistricts, fourtowns, and fivetownships.[6]
Subdistricts:
Towns:
Townships:
| Climate data for Hunchun, elevation 43 m (141 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 9.2 (48.6) | 12.4 (54.3) | 20.3 (68.5) | 33.6 (92.5) | 33.4 (92.1) | 36.9 (98.4) | 35.6 (96.1) | 36.2 (97.2) | 31.3 (88.3) | 27.3 (81.1) | 19.3 (66.7) | 9.9 (49.8) | 36.9 (98.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −5.1 (22.8) | −0.5 (31.1) | 6.2 (43.2) | 14.6 (58.3) | 19.7 (67.5) | 22.8 (73.0) | 25.8 (78.4) | 26.8 (80.2) | 23.1 (73.6) | 15.8 (60.4) | 4.8 (40.6) | −3.4 (25.9) | 12.6 (54.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −10.5 (13.1) | −6.5 (20.3) | 0.2 (32.4) | 7.7 (45.9) | 13.1 (55.6) | 17.3 (63.1) | 21.2 (70.2) | 22.0 (71.6) | 16.8 (62.2) | 9.1 (48.4) | −0.6 (30.9) | −8.2 (17.2) | 6.8 (44.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −15.2 (4.6) | −12.1 (10.2) | −5.3 (22.5) | 1.6 (34.9) | 7.8 (46.0) | 13.4 (56.1) | 17.8 (64.0) | 18.3 (64.9) | 11.6 (52.9) | 3.3 (37.9) | −5.1 (22.8) | −12.5 (9.5) | 2.0 (35.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −27.7 (−17.9) | −27.9 (−18.2) | −24.1 (−11.4) | −7.3 (18.9) | −0.8 (30.6) | 5.6 (42.1) | 8.9 (48.0) | 8.7 (47.7) | −1.7 (28.9) | −9.2 (15.4) | −21.2 (−6.2) | −23.4 (−10.1) | −27.9 (−18.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 8.9 (0.35) | 8.4 (0.33) | 14.2 (0.56) | 31.5 (1.24) | 76.4 (3.01) | 83.6 (3.29) | 136.5 (5.37) | 122.9 (4.84) | 76.3 (3.00) | 37.3 (1.47) | 21.8 (0.86) | 8.8 (0.35) | 626.6 (24.67) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.3 | 3.1 | 4.8 | 7.0 | 13.4 | 14.4 | 15.1 | 14.2 | 9.5 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 3.7 | 98.9 |
| Average snowy days | 3.8 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 25.7 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 53 | 52 | 54 | 58 | 69 | 80 | 84 | 81 | 75 | 64 | 59 | 56 | 65 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 189.9 | 197.2 | 230.6 | 220.5 | 213.6 | 179.3 | 161.4 | 178.8 | 217.3 | 212.5 | 169.5 | 169.1 | 2,339.7 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 65 | 66 | 62 | 55 | 47 | 39 | 35 | 42 | 59 | 63 | 59 | 61 | 54 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[7][8] | |||||||||||||
Since the early 1990s, the Chinese government invested significantly in transforming Hunchun into a regional economic center, thanks in large part to the influence of the formerJilingovernorWang Zhongyu, whose work withZhu Rongji allowed him to become the first head of China'sState Economic and Trade Commission.[9] On 9 March 1992 the Chinese parliament approved to set up Hunchun Border Economic Cooperation Zone. The national government and Jilin provincial government have invested in succession over four billion yuan in Hunchun through the 1990s.[10]
On 16 March 2013, a joint agreement to export textiles to North Korea was announced.[11][12] The textiles would be made into up to 8,000 shirts in North Korea and exported back to China.[11][12]
Hunchun Border Economic Cooperation Zone was approved to be national-level border economic cooperation zone in 1992, with a planning area of 24 km2 (9.3 sq mi). In 2002 and 2001, Hunchun Export Processing Zone and Hunchun Sino-Russia Trade Zone was set up in it. Being located in the junction of China, Russia, and Korea, it enjoys a strategic location. The city focuses on the development of sea food processing, electronic product manufacture, bio-pharmacy, textile industry and other industries.[13]
Hunchun Export Processing Zone is located in 5 km2 (1.9 sq mi) area in Hunchun Border Economic Cooperation Zone. Its planned area is 2.44 km2 (0.94 sq mi). It enjoys good infrastructure and policies as its parent zone does.[14]
In the early 1990s,Jilin province government constructed a railway and improved the highway to Hunchun. TheTumen River Bridge connects between Hunchun and the North Korean village of Wonjeong (원정) inSonbong. The bridge was built during the Japanese occupation in 1938. In 2010 the bridge was renovated as part of an agreement between North Korea and China to modernize theRason port in North Korea.[15] In addition, a new railway line was constructed which links Hunchun andMakhalino (a station on theUssuriysk-Khasan line, 41 km (25 mi) before Khasan) in Russia and began operating in February 2000.[16] Hunchun port is 42 km (26 mi) fromPosyet and 63 km (39 mi) fromZarubino port towns of Russia.
TheJilin–Hunchun intercity railway, a 250-km/h high-speed passenger rail line from Jilin to Hunchun via Tumen (吉图珲铁路客运专线), began construction work in January 2011, and was scheduled and finished at the end of September 2015.[17][18] The railway has been described as "Dongbei's most beautiful railway" (due to the terrain it runs through) and "the fastest way toVladivostok" (4 hours by train from Shenyang to Hunchun, plus four hours by bus from Hunchun to Vladivostok).[19] Reflecting the border location of the city, the train station has its sign in four languages: Chinese, Korean, Russian, and English.[5]
