The district of Hooghly derived its name from the town of Hooghly on the west bank of theHugli River about 40 km north ofKolkata. This town was a major river port for trade in India before colonization.
The district has thousands of years of rich heritage as part of the Bengali kingdom ofBhurshut. In 1536 Portuguese traders obtained a permit from SultanMahmud Shah to trade in this area. In those days the Hooghly River was the main route for transportation and Hooghly served as an excellent trading port.
Within a few decades, the town of Hooghly turned into a major commercial centre and the largest port in Bengal. In 1579–80,Mughal EmperorAkbar gave permission to a Portuguese captain Pedro Tavares to establish a city anywhere in the Bengal province. They chose Hooghly, and it became the first European settlement in Bengal. In 1599, the Portuguese traders built aconvent and achurch inBandel. This was the first Christian church in Bengal and is known as ‘Bandel Church’ today.
Among other European powers that came to Hooghly were theDutch, theDanish, theBritish, theFrench, theBelgians and theGermans. Dutch traders centred their activities in the townChuchura which is south of Hooghly.Chandannagar became the base of the French and the city remained under their control from 1816 to 1950. Similarly, the Danish establishment in settlement inSerampore (1755). All these towns are on the west bank of theHooghly River and served as ports. Among these European countries, the British ultimately became most powerful.
Chinsurah N.S Road
Initially the British were based in and around the city of Hooghly like traders from other countries. In 1690Job Charnock decided to shift the British trading centre from Hooghly-Chinsura toCalcutta. The reason behind this decision was the strategically safe location of Calcutta and its proximity to theBay of Bengal. As a result, trade and commerce in theBengal province shifted from the town of Hooghly to Calcutta. Hooghly lost its importance as Calcutta prospered.
After theBattle of Buxar this region was brought under direct British rule until India's independence in 1947. After independence, this district merged into the state ofWest Bengal.
Though the city of Hooghly is more than 500 years old, the district of Hooghly was formed in 1795 with the city of Hooghly as its headquarters. Later the headquarters shifted to the town ofChuchura. In 1843 theHowrah district was created from the southern portion of this district. And in 1872, the south-west portion of this district was merged into theMedinipur district. The last change in area occurred in 1966.
TheTaraknath Temple, dedicated to the Hindu godShiva worshiped as Taraknath, is a major pilgrimage spot in the town ofTarakeswar. Built in 1729, the temple is an ‘atchala’ structure of Bengal temple architecture with a ‘natmandir’ in front. Close by are the shrines ofKali andLakshmi Narayan. Dudhpukur, a tank to the north of the Shiva temple is believed to fulfil the prayers of those taking a dip in it.
Pilgrims visit the temple throughout the year, especially on Mondays. Thousands of pilgrims visit Tarakeswar on the occasions ofShivaratri and ‘Gajan’, the former taking place inPhalgun (Feb-March) while the latter lasts for five days ending on the last day of Chaitra (mid-April). The month ofSravana (mid-July to mid-August) is seen to be auspicious for Shiva when celebrations are held on each Monday.
The district is flat, with no place having an elevation of more than 200 meters.[citation needed] The River Hooghly borders it to the east. Another major river is theDamodar. The district is bordered byHowrah district to the south,Purba Bardhaman District to the north, and to the east by theRiver Hooghly.Bankura District lies to the north-west, withPaschim Medinipur District to the south-west.
Hooghly is one of the most economically developed districts in West Bengal. It is the mainjute cultivation,jute industry, andjute trade hub in the state. The jute mills are along the banks of the river Hooghly inTribeni, Bhadreswar, Champdani and Sreerampur.
There are a number of industrial complexes including one of the largest car manufacturing plants in India, the Hindustan Motors plant in Uttarpara.
It was also home to theSingur Tata Nano controversy. Hindustan Motors plant was closed in 2014.Bandel Thermal power plant and Tribeni tissue plant (ITC) are running smoothly.
The district comprises four subdivisions: Chinsurah, Chandannagore, Srirampore and Arambagh.
Chinsurah subdivision consists of two municipalities (Hugli-Chuchura andBansberia) and five community development blocs: Balagarh, Chinsurah–Mogra, Dhaniakhali, Pandua and Polba–Dadpur.
Arambagh subdivision consists ofArambag municipality and six community development blocks: Arambag, Khanakul–I, Khanakul–II, Goghat–I, Goghat–II and Pursurah.[3]
Hugli-Chuchura is the district headquarters. There are 23 police stations, 18 development blocks, 12 municipalities and 207gram panchayats in this district.[3][4]
Other than municipality area, each subdivision contains community development blocks that are divided into rural areas and census towns. There are 41 urban units: 12 municipalities and 64census towns.[4][5]
Chanditala I community development block consists of rural areas only with 9 gram panchayats and 2 census towns:Masat,Gangadharpur, Aniya, Bhagabatipur, Haripur, Krishnarampur, Kumirmorah, Nawabpur, Sheakhala.
12Balagarh, Dhaniakhali, Khanakul and Goghat constituencies are reserved forScheduled Castes (SC) candidates. Along with two assembly constituencies fromHowrah district, Jangipara, Chanditala, Uttarpara, Serampore and Champdani constituencies form theSerampore (Lok Sabha constituency). Chandernagore, Singur, Haripal, Chinsurah, Bansberia, Polba and Dhaniakhali constituencies form theHooghly (Lok Sabha constituency).
Hooghly District comes under Burdwan Police Range. Hooghly Rural Police District was created on 30 June 2017, curbing out of erstwhile Hooghly district. Presently it consists of sixteen police station with jurisdiction, one women police station and one Cyber Police Station. The head quarter of Hooghly Rural Police District was shifted to Kamarkundu under Singur PS from Chinsura. Chandannagar Police Commissionerate was formed after bifurcation of the Hooghly Police District, and has nine police stations under its jurisdiction established on 30 June 2017, is a police force with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation within certain urban parts of Hooghly district. The Commissionerate is part of the West Bengal Police, and comes under the Department of Home & Hill Affairs, Government of West Bengal.
For the functioning of 23 police stations of the district, District Intelligence Branch, District Enforcement Branch and District Reserve Police Force SP, Hooghly is assisted by three additional superintendents:
HQ: Having his office at Chinsurah, he looks after the Sadar Sub-Division and District Police Force, being assisted by Dy.S.P. (HQ) and Dy.S.P. (D&T).
Industrial: He is in Serampore. He is the supervising officer for Serampore and Chandernagore Sub Divisions, assisted by SDPO: Serampore and SDPO: Chandernagore.
Rural: He is in Arambagh and is the supervising officer for Arambagh Sub Division; being assisted by SDPO: Arambagh.
According to the2011 census Hooghly district has apopulation of 5,519,145,[9] roughly equal to the nation ofDenmark[10] or the US state ofWisconsin.[11] This gives it a ranking of 16th in India (out of a total of640).[9] The district has a population density of 1,753 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,540/sq mi).[9] Itspopulation growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 9.49%.[9] Hugli has asex ratio of 958females for every 1000 males,[9] and aliteracy rate of 82.55%. 38.57% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 24.35% and 4.15% of the population respectively.[9]
At the time of the 2011 census, 87.49% of the population spokeBengali, 7.59%Hindi, 2.37%Santali and 1.72%Urdu as their first language. Hindi and Urdu speakers are predominantly found in urban areas.[14]
There are 2992 primary schools, 408 high schools, 127 higher secondary schools, 22 colleges, and 6 technical institutes in Hooghly district.The most notable institutions among them are:
This is a list of notable people from Hooghly District:
Sridhara was an Indian mathematician, Sanskrit pandit and philosopher. Sridharacharya's formula is also known as theQuadratic formula or Sridharacharya's method.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy, born inRadhanagore. He is considered as the "Father of the Indian Renaissance". He was one of the founders of the Brahmo Sabha, the precursor of the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious (Hindu) reform movement in Undivided India.
Ramakrishna was a Hindu mystic, saint, and religious leader in 19th century Bengal.
Nagendranath Basu was an archaeologist, encyclopaedist and a nationalist social historian of Bengal.
Amiya Chakravarty was a literary critic, academic, and Bengali poet. He was a close associate ofRabindranath Tagore, and edited several books of his poetry.
Ganapati Chakraborty was a magician known for his mesmerizing tricks and is considered to be the pioneer of modern magic in Bengal.
Krishna Chandra Bhattacharya was a philosopher at theUniversity of Calcutta known for his method of "constructive interpretation" through which relations and problematics of ancient Indian philosophical systems are drawn out and developed so that they can be studied like problems of modern philosophy.
Madhusudan Gupta was a translator and Ayurvedic practitioner who was also trained in Western medicine and is credited with having performed India's first human dissection at Calcutta Medical College (CMC) in 1836, almost 3,000 years after Susruta.
Nabagopal Mitra was an Indian playwright, poet, essayist, patriot and one of the founding fathers of Hindu nationalism. He founded the Hindu Mela, the pioneer institution behind the genesis of Hindu nationalism. Mitra also founded National Press, National Paper, National Society, National School, National Theatre, National Store, National Gymnasium and National Circus, earning him the sobriquet 'National Mitra'.
Barindra Kumar Ghosh was an Indian revolutionary and journalist. He was one of the founding members of "Jugantar" , a Bengali weekly, a revolutionary outfit in Bengal. Barindra Kumar Ghosh was the younger brother ofShri Aurobindo.
Manmohan Ghose was an Indian poet and one of the first from India to write poetry in English. He was a brother ofSri Aurobindo.
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