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Hepatopancreas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Digestive gland of molluscs, arthropods and fishes
Photo of a 5-mm-long juvenile ofHaliotis asinina (with the shell removed) shows the yellow hepatopancreas on the left.
Drawing shows that themantle (in grey) covers the majority of the dorsal surface of the animal.[1] The gills (g), digestive gland (dg), adductor muscle (am), epipodialtentacles (ept), right mantle lobe (rml), eyespot (es), cephalic tentacles (ct) and left mantle lobe (lml) are indicated.

Thehepatopancreas,digestive gland ormidgut gland is an organ of thedigestive tract ofarthropods andmolluscs. It provides the functions which inmammals are provided separately by theliver andpancreas, including the production of digestiveenzymes, and absorption of digested food.[2]

Arthropods

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Arthropods, especiallydetritivores in the OrderIsopoda, Suborder Oniscidea (woodlice), have been shown to be able to storeheavy metals in their hepatopancreas.[3] This could lead tobioaccumulation through thefood chain and implications forfood web destruction, if the accumulation gets high enough in polluted areas; for example, high metal concentrations are seen inspiders of the genusDysdera which feed onwoodlice, including their hepatopancreas, the major metal storage organ of isopods inpolluted sites.[4]

Molluscs

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3D reconstruction of the general anatomy ofPseudunela cornuta shows the digestive gland (dg) in green color
3D reconstruction of the digestive system ofPseudunela cornuta shows the digestive gland (dg) more clearly
Histology section of hepatopancreas ofslugDeroceras laeve
Dorsal view of an anesthetized individual ofPlakobranchus ocellatus with spreadparapodia.Stomach and branched parapodialdigestive glands are visible. The tissue region in the red square was dissected and used for DNA extraction in the study by Maeda T. et al. (2012).[5]

The hepatopancreas is a centre forlipid metabolism and for storage of lipids ingastropods.[6]

Some species in the genusPhyllodesmium contains activezooxanthellae of the genusSymbiodinium in the hepatopancreas.[7]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Daniel J. Jackson; Carmel McDougall; Kathryn Green; Fiona Simpson; Gert Wörheide; Bernard M Degnan (2006)."A rapidly evolving secretome builds and patterns a sea shell".BMC Biology.4: 40.doi:10.1186/1741-7007-4-40.PMC 1676022.PMID 17121673.
  2. ^"Blue Crab Anatomy". Archived fromthe original on 2019-01-27. Retrieved2011-05-19.
  3. ^Claus Svendsen; Graeme Paton; Jason M. Weeks (2002)."Soil biomarkers (invertebrates and microbes) for assessing site toxicity". In G. I. Sunahara; A. Y. Renoux; C. Thellen; C. L. Gaudet; A. Pilon (eds.).Environmental Analysis of Contaminated Sites.John Wiley and Sons. pp. 95–134.ISBN 978-0-471-98669-0.
  4. ^S. P. Hopkin; M. H. Martin (1985)."Assimilation of zinc, cadmium, lead, copper and iron by the spiderDysdera crocata, a predator of woodlice"(PDF).Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.34 (2):183–187.Bibcode:1985BuECT..34..183H.doi:10.1007/bf01609722.PMID 3978257.S2CID 39086273. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2011-07-22.
  5. ^Maeda T., Hirose E., Chikaraishi Y., Kawato M., Takishita K. et al. (2012). "Algivore or Phototroph?Plakobranchus ocellatus (Gastropoda) Continuously Acquires Kleptoplasts and Nutrition from Multiple Algal Species in Nature".PLoS ONE7(7): e42024.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042024
  6. ^Böer M., Graeve M. & Kattner G. (2006). "Exceptional long-term starvation ability and sites of lipid storage of the Arctic pteropodClione limacina".Polar Biology30(5): 571-580.doi:10.1007/s00300-006-0214-6.
  7. ^Ingo Burghardt; Heike Wägele (2004)."A new solar powered species of the genusPhyllodesmium Ehrenberg, 1831 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Aeolidoidea) from Indonesia with analysis of its photosynthetic activity and notes on biology"(PDF).Zootaxa.596:1–18.doi:10.11646/zootaxa.596.1.1.
Cephalopod anatomy
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