| Heat | |
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 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Michael Mann |
| Written by | Michael Mann |
| Based on | L.A. Takedown by Michael Mann |
| Produced by |
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| Starring | |
| Cinematography | Dante Spinotti |
| Edited by | |
| Music by | Elliot Goldenthal |
Production companies |
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| Distributed by | Warner Bros. |
Release date |
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Running time | 170 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $60 million[1] |
| Box office | $187.4 million[2] |
Heat is a 1995 Americancrime drama film[3] written and directed byMichael Mann. It features anensemble cast led byAl Pacino andRobert De Niro, withTom Sizemore,Jon Voight, andVal Kilmer in supporting roles.[4] The film follows the conflict between aLos Angeles Police Department detective, played by Pacino, and a career thief, played by De Niro, while also depicting its effect on their professional relationships and personal lives.
Mann wrote the original script forHeat in 1979, basing it onChicago police officerChuck Adamson's pursuit of criminal Neil McCauley, after whom De Niro's character is named.[5] The script was first used for a television pilot developed by Mann, which became the 1989 television filmL.A. Takedown after the pilot did not receive a series order. In 1994, Mann revisited the script to turn it into a feature film, co-producing the project withArt Linson. The film marks De Niro and Pacino's first on-screen appearance together following a period of acclaimed performances from both. Due to their esteemed reputations, promotion centered on their involvement.
Heat was released byWarner Bros. Pictures on December 15, 1995. It grossed $187 million on a $60 million budget and received positive reviews for Mann's direction and the performances of Pacino and De Niro. The film is regarded as one of the most influential films of its genre and has inspired several other works.[6][7][8] A sequel was announced to be in development on July 20, 2022.[9]
Neil McCauley is a professional thief based inLos Angeles. He and his crew—right-hand man Chris Shiherlis, enforcer Michael Cheritto, driver Gilbert Trejo and newly hired hand Waingro—rob $1.6 million inbearer bonds from an armored car. During the heist, Waingro kills a guard without provocation, forcing the crew to eliminate the other two guards. McCauley prepares to kill Waingro in retaliation for the deaths of the guards, but he escapes.
LAPD Police Lieutenant Vincent Hanna and his team investigate the robbery. Hanna, a dedicated lawman and formerMarine, has a strained relationship with his third wife Justine, and struggles to connect with his stepdaughter Lauren. McCauley, who lives a solitary life, begins a relationship with Eady, a graphic designer. The pair bonds over their mutual isolation from society.
McCauley'sfence Nate suggests that he sell the stolen bonds to their original owner,money launderer Roger Van Zant. Van Zant pretends to agree but instead arranges an ambush. Anticipating a trap, McCauley and his crew counter-ambush and kill the hitmen. Afterward, McCauley threatens Van Zant with revenge. An LAPDinformant connects Cheritto to the robbery, and Hanna's team begins monitoring him, identifying the rest of the crew and their next target, a precious metals depository. The team stakes out the depository, and subsequently breaks in, but when a careless officer makes a noise, McCauley aborts the heist. Hanna refuses to arrest them forbreaking and entering since he thinks their charges will be dropped down to misdemeanors.
McCauley's crew agrees to one last bank robbery worth $12.2 million. Hanna tracks McCauley and pulls him over on the105 Freeway, inviting him to coffee. They discuss their dedication to their respective jobs and the limitations of their personal lives; Hanna describes his failing marriage, and McCauley confides that he is similarly isolated. Hanna tells him about a recurringnightmare he has where he sees all the dead bodies he's encountered in his career sitting around a large banquet table, and McCauley tells him about adream he has where he isdrowning. Despite their mutual respect, both men acknowledge that they will kill the other if necessary. Waingro makes a deal with Van Zant to help eliminate McCauley's crew. Trejo quits the bank robbery at the last moment, claiming that the LAPD is following him too closely. McCauley recruits an old colleague, Don Breedan, to take Trejo's place as the getaway driver, and the crew carries out the heist.
Tipped by Van Zant's associate Hugh Benny, the LAPD intercepts the crew as they leave the bank, leading to a massive shootout. Breedan and Cheritto are killed alongside many police officers, while McCauley escapes with a wounded Shiherlis, and Bosko, one of Hanna's detectives, is killed. McCauley takes Shiherlis to a doctor to treat his wounds and leaves him with Nate. Suspecting that Trejo tipped off the LAPD, McCauley arrives at his house to confront him, but finds him mortally wounded and his wife killed.
Before asking McCauley to kill him, Trejo reveals that Waingro and Van Zant forced him to divulge the bank heist plans. McCauley kills Van Zant in his mansion, while Hanna's team detains Benny. Learning of McCauley's connection to Waingro and that the latter is hiding in a hotel, Hanna uses Waingro as bait to lure McCauley. As McCauley prepares to flee the country, Eady discovers his criminal identity but agrees to go with him. Before escaping, Shiherlis attempts to reconcile with his wife Charlene after she has been forced by the LAPD to bring him in. As Shiherlis encounters Charlene at her safe house, she warns him away with a hand gesture, and he escapes.
Having separated from Justine, Hanna finds Lauren in his hotel room, having attempted suicide. He rushes her to the hospital and saves her life. Hanna reconciles with Justine, although the two agree that their marriage will never work.
McCauley drives with Eady to theLos Angeles International Airport to flee toNew Zealand via private jet. However, when Nate gives him Waingro's location, McCauley abandons his usual caution to seek revenge. McCauley infiltrates the hotel and kills Waingro in his room. However, as McCauley returns to Eady, he is spotted by Hanna and flees. Hanna chases McCauley onto the tarmac at the airport, and the two stalk each other before Hanna gets the drop on McCauley and shoots him in the chest. Hanna takes McCauley's hand as he dies of his wounds.
Additional cast members includeMartin Ferrero as a hardware salesman andHazelle Goodman as the mother of a prostitute murdered by Waingro. Featured as members of the LAPD arePaul Herman as Sergeant Heinz, Cindy Katz as forensics investigator Rachel, andDan Martin as Detective Harry Dieter. StuntmenRick Avery, Bill McIntosh, andThomas Rosales Jr. portray the armored truck guards.Patricia Healy appears as a woman in a relationship with Bosko andYvonne Zima plays the girl taken hostage by Cheritto. News reporter Claudia is portrayed byFarrah Forke.Bud Cort makes an uncredited appearance as restaurant owner Solenko.[11]
Michael Mann, forHeat (just like forCollateral andThief[12]), creates the character of Neil McCauley, played byRobert De Niro, drawing inspiration from the minimalist and detached style ofAlain Delon inLe Samouraï.[13][14][15][16] The line "I am alone, not lonely" from McCauley (De Niro inHeat) directly echoes the one from Jeff Costello (Delon inLe Samouraï) : "I never lose, never really".[17]
Heat is based on the true story of Neil McCauley, a calculating criminal and ex-Alcatraz inmate who was tracked down by DetectiveChuck Adamson in 1964.[18][19] In 1961, McCauley was transferred from Alcatraz toMcNeil Island Corrections Center, as mentioned in the film. He was released in 1962 and immediately began planning new crimes. Michael Parille and William Pinkerton used bolt cutters and drills to rob a manufacturing company of diamond drill bits, which is recreated in the film.[20]
Pacino's character is largely based on Detective Chuck Adamson, who began keeping tabs on McCauley's crew, knowing that he had begun committing crimes again. Adamson and McCauley met for coffee once, as portrayed in the film.[19] Their dialogue in the script is based on the conversation that McCauley and Adamson had.[20] The next time that the two met, guns were drawn, which is also mirrored in the movie.[19]
On March 25, 1964, McCauley and members of his regular crew followed an armored car that delivered money to aNational Tea grocery store at 4720 S. Cicero Avenue, Chicago. When the drop was made, three of the robbers entered the store. They threatened the clerks and stole money bags worth $13,137[21] (equivalent to $133,000 in 2024) before getting away after police gunfire.[19][20]
McCauley's crew was unaware that Adamson and eight other detectives had blocked off all potential exits; the getaway car turned down an alley, and the robbers saw the blockade and realized that they were trapped. All four exited the vehicle and began firing. Russell Bredon (or Breaden) and Michael Parille were slain in an alley while Miklos Polesti (on whom Chris Shiherlis is loosely based)[19] shot his way out and escaped. McCauley was shot to death on the lawn of a nearby home. He was 50 years old and the prime suspect in several burglaries.[22] Polesti was caught days later and sent to prison. Polesti was still alive in 2011.[20]
Adamson went on to a successful career as a television and film producer, and he died in 2008 at age 71.[23] Mann's 2009 filmPublic Enemies is dedicated to Adamson's memory.
The character of Nate played byJon Voight is based on criminal-turned-authorEdward Bunker, who served as a consultant to Mann on the film.[19][20][24]
In 1979, Mann wrote a 180-page draft ofHeat. He rewrote it after makingThief in 1981, hoping to find a director to make it and mentioning it publicly in a promotional interview for his 1983 filmThe Keep. In the late 1980s, he offered the film to his friend, film directorWalter Hill, who turned him down.[25] Following the success ofMiami Vice andCrime Story, Mann was to produce a new crime television show forNBC. He turned the script that would becomeHeat into a 90-minutepilot for a television series featuring the Los Angeles Police Department Robbery–Homicide division,[25] featuringScott Plank in the role of Hanna, andAlex McArthur playing the character of Neil McCauley, renamed to Patrick McLaren.[26]
The pilot was shot in nineteen days, atypical for Mann.[25] The script was shortened to almost a third of its original length, omitting many subplots that made it intoHeat. The network was unhappy with Plank as the lead actor, and asked Mann to recast Hanna's role. Mann declined and the show was canceled and the pilot aired on August 27, 1989, as atelevision film entitledL.A. Takedown,[25] which was eventually released onVHS andDVD in Europe.[27]
On April 5, 1994, Mann was reported to have abandoned his earlier plan to shoot abiopic ofJames Dean in favor of directingHeat, producing it withArt Linson. The film marks the first on-screen appearance together of Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Both actors had starred inThe Godfather Part II but, owing to the film's story structure, they are not seen in the same scene.[28] Pacino and De Niro were Mann's first choices for the roles of Hanna and McCauley, respectively, and they both immediately agreed to act.[29]
Mann assigned Janice Polley, a former collaborator onThe Last of the Mohicans, as the film's location manager, along with Lori Balton, who primarily handled scouting duties. Scouting locations lasted from August to December 1994. Mann requested locations that had not appeared on film before, in which Balton was successful—fewer than 10 of the 85 filming locations were previously used. The most challenging shooting location proved to be Los Angeles International Airport, with the film crew nearly missing the shot due to a threat to the airport by theUnabomber.[25]
To make the long shootout more realistic, they hired British ex-Special Air Service sergeantAndy McNab as a technical weapons trainer and adviser.[30] He designed a weapons-training curriculum to train the actors for three months using live ammunition before shooting with blanks for the actual take and worked with training them for the bank robbery.[31]
De Niro was the first cast member to receive the film script, showing it to Pacino, who also wanted to be part of the film. De Niro believed thatHeat was a "very good story, had a particular feel to it, a reality and authenticity".[25] In 2016, Pacino revealed that he viewed his character as having been under the influence ofcocaine throughout the film.[32]
Mann took Kilmer, Sizemore and De Niro toFolsom State Prison to interview actual career criminals to prepare for their roles. While researching her role, Judd met several former prostitutes who became housewives.[25]
Keanu Reeves was offered the role of Chris Shiherlis, but he turned it down in favor of playingHamlet at theManitoba Theatre Centre.[33] As a result, Val Kilmer was given the role.Jon Bon Jovi also auditioned.[34]
Principal photography forHeat lasted 107 days during the summer of 1995.[35] All of the shooting was done on location in and around Los Angeles due to Mann's decision not to use asoundstage.[25] Among the key filming locations were theCitigroup Center, where the bank heist and police shootout takes place, and theKate Mantilini restaurant, which serves as the location of the meeting over coffee between Pacino and De Niro's characters.
The film's cinematographer Dante Spinotti used a combination of natural and practical lighting to capture grittiness and realism for the film. The film's visual style also captures the vastness of Los Angeles and the isolation of its characters within the urban sprawl. Mann and Spinotti often use wide shots and long takes to create a sense of scale and immersion.[36]
Both Al Pacino and Robert De Niro prepared extensively for their roles. They spent time with real detectives and criminals to understand their characters in depth. The diner scene with Pacino and De Niro was shot with minimal rehearsals to maintain the spontaneity and intensity of their interaction. Mann used multiple cameras to capture the scene from different angles, focusing on close-ups to highlight the tension and subtleties of each actor's performance.[37][36]
On December 19, 1995,Warner Bros. Records released asoundtrack album oncassette andCD to accompany the film, titledHeat: Music from the Motion Picture.[38] The album is produced byMatthias Gohl. It contains a 29-minute selection of the film score composed byElliot Goldenthal, as well as songs by other artists, such asU2 andBrian Eno (collaborating asPassengers),Terje Rypdal,Moby andLisa Gerrard.
Heat uses an abridged instrumental rendition of theJoy Division song "New Dawn Fades" by Moby, which is also featured in the same form on the soundtrack album. Mann reused theEinstürzende Neubauten track "Armenia" in his 1999 filmThe Insider.[39] The film ends with Moby's "God Moving Over the Face of the Waters", a different version of which is included at the end of the soundtrack album.[40]
Mann and Goldenthal decided on an atmospheric situation for the film soundtrack. Goldenthal uses a setup consisting of multiple guitars, which he termed "guitar orchestra", and thought that it brought the film score closer to a European style.[41]
Heat was released on December 15, 1995, and opened at the box office with $8.4 million from 1,325 theaters, finishing in third place behindJumanji andToy Story.[42][43] It went on to earn a total gross of $67.4 million in United States, and $120 million in foreign box offices.[44]Heat was ranked the #25 highest-grossing film of 1995.[44]
Heat was released onVHS on November 12, 1996, byWarner Home Video.[45][46] Due to its long runtime, the film had to be released on two separate cassettes.[46] ADVD release followed on July 27, 1999.[47] A two-disc special-edition DVD was released byWarner Home Video on February 22, 2005, featuring anaudio commentary by Michael Mann,deleted scenes and numerous documentaries detailing the film's production.[48] This edition contains the original theatrical cut.[49]
The initialBlu-ray release was by Warner Home Video on November 10, 2009, featuring a high-definition film transfer, supervised by Mann.[50] Among the disc extras are Mann's audio commentary, a one-hour documentary about the making of the film, and ten minutes of scenes deleted from the film.[51] As well as approving the look of the transfer, Mann also recut two scenes slightly differently, referring to them as "new content changes".[52]
A "Director's Definitive Edition" blu-ray was released on May 9, 2017, by20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, who acquired the distribution rights to the film through their part-ownership ofRegency back in 2015. Sourced from a4K remaster of the film supervised by Mann, the two-disc set contains all the extras from the 2009 Blu-ray, with two filmmakers panels from 2015 and 2016, one of which was moderated byChristopher Nolan.[53]
A 4KUltra HD Blu-ray Ultimate Collector's Edition ofHeat that contains the Director's Definitive Edition of the film on UHD Blu-ray and Blu-ray, along with legacy bonus materials released on August 9, 2022, byWalt Disney Studios Home Entertainment (under the20th Century Studios label), was released coinciding with the release date of Mann's sequel novel.[54] Unlike the previous home media releases, the Director's Definitive Edition Blu-ray and the 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray Ultimate Collector's Edition did not feature theWarner Bros. Pictures logo at the beginning, although the in-credit closing is retained.
Heat was broadcast onNBC television on January 3, 1999, in a significantly edited version. Mann had offered the network some scenes that had been filmed but omitted from the theatrical edit with hope of having the film shown in four hours (with commercials) over two nights. Instead, NBC chose to cut nearly 40 minutes from the theatrical version so thatHeat could be shown in a three-hour time slot (with commercials). Mann toldVariety, "They cut so much out of the movie that they destroyed the narrative of the film along with its integrity.... Too much time was taken out of the film that wasn't due to language or other content." As a result, Mann had his director's credit on the TV version replaced with the pseudonym "Alan Smithee".[55]
OnRotten Tomatoes,Heat holds an approval rating of 83%, based on 150 reviews and an average rating of 7.8/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Though Al Pacino and Robert De Niro share but a handful of screen minutes together,Heat is an engrossing crime drama that draws compelling performances from its stars – and confirms Michael Mann's mastery of the genre."[3] OnMetacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 76 out of 100, based on 22 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.[56] Audiences polled byCinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on a scale of A+ to F.[57]
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three and a half stars out of four. He described Mann's script as "uncommonly literate", with a psychological insight into the symbiotic relationship between police and criminals, and the fractured intimacy between the male and female characters: "It's not just an action picture. Above all, the dialogue is complex enough to allow the characters to say what they're thinking: They are eloquent, insightful, fanciful, poetic when necessary. They're not trapped with cliches. Of the many imprisonments possible in our world, one of the worst must be to be inarticulate – to be unable to tell another person what you really feel."[58] Simon Cote ofThe Austin Chronicle called the film "one of the most intelligent crime-thrillers to come along in years", and said Pacino and De Niro's scenes together were "poignant and gripping."[59]
Kenneth Turan of theLos Angeles Times called the film a "sleek, accomplished piece of work, meticulously controlled and completely involving. The dark end of the street doesn't get much more inviting than this."[60]Todd McCarthy ofVariety wrote, "Stunningly made and incisively acted by a large and terrific cast, Michael Mann's ambitious study of the relativity of good and evil stands apart from other films of its type by virtue of its extraordinarily rich characterizations and its thoughtful, deeply melancholy take on modern life."[4]Owen Gleiberman ofEntertainment Weekly gave it a B− rating, saying that "Mann's action scenes ... have an existential, you-are-there jitteriness," but called the heist-planning and Hanna's investigation scenes "dry, talky."[61]
Rolling Stone rankedHeat #28 on its list of "The 100 Greatest Movies of the '90s",[62] andThe Guardian ranked it #22 on its list of "The Greatest Crime Films of All Time",[63] while other publications have noted its influence on numerous subsequent films.[64]
Although it did not receive any major award nominations, the film was nominated forBest Action/Adventure Film and Kilmer forBest Supporting Actor at theSaturn Awards but lost toThe Usual Suspects and12 Monkeys respectively.[65]
French gangsterRédoine Faïd told Mann at a film festival "You were my technical adviser".[66] The media described later robberies as resembling scenes fromHeat, including armored car robberies inSouth Africa,[67]Colombia,[68]Denmark, andNorway[69] and the 1997North Hollywood shootout, in which Larry Phillips Jr. and Emil Mătăsăreanu robbed the North Hollywood branch of theBank of America and, similarly to the film, were confronted by theLAPD as they left the bank. A copy ofHeat was found in the VCR at Phillips' residence.[70] This shootout is one of the longest and bloodiest events of its type in American police history. Both robbers were killed, and eleven police officers and seven civilians were injured during the shootout.[71]Heat was widely referenced during the coverage of the shootout.[72]
For his 2008 filmThe Dark Knight, directorChristopher Nolan drew inspiration in his portrayal ofGotham City fromHeat in order "to tell a very large, city story or the story of a city".[73] In 2016, a year after the 20th anniversary ofHeat, Nolan moderated a Q&A session with Michael Mann and cast and crew at theSamuel Goldwyn Theater.[74]
Heat was one of the inspirations behind the highly influential 2001 video gameGrand Theft Auto III[75] as well as the 2008 sequelGrand Theft Auto IV, notably the mission "Three Leaf Clover", which was inspired by the climactic bank robbery and police shootout,[76] and the 2013 sequelGrand Theft Auto V, notably the mission "Blitz Play" where the crew blocks and then knocks over an armored car in order to rob it.[77]
DirectorMia Hansen-Løve has said she is "obsessed" withHeat and said "the themes ofHeat, actually, are themes of my films, except in a very different way, in a very different world".[78]
On March 16, 2016, Mann announced that he was developing aHeatprequel novel, as a part of launching his company Michael Mann Books.[79] On April 27, 2017,Reed Farrel Coleman joined the project as co-author.[80] On May 15, 2020, Mann stated that the novel would function as both a prequel and a sequel, with plot taking place before and after the film's main events.[81] By January 19, 2022, it was revealed that the novel would be a collaboration between Mann andMeg Gardiner; it was subsequently released in August 2022. The title isHeat 2.[82][83]
In September 2019, Michael Mann stated that he intends to produce an adaptation of the novel, acknowledging film and television as possible mediums for release.[84] By July 5, 2022, Mann reaffirmed his plans to adapt the novel follow-up into a feature film, while stating that the principal cast from the first installment may be recast for the adaptation.[85] In April 2023, it was reported that the sequel was in development, withAdam Driver in talks to play young McCauley.[86][87]
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