Gunnersbury Triangle is a 2.57-hectare (6.4-acre)local nature reserve inChiswick, in the London boroughs ofEaling andHounslow,[2][3] immediately to the east ofGunnersbury. It was created in 1983 when, for the first time in Britain, a public inquiry ruled that a planned development of the land could not go ahead because of its value for nature. It opened as a nature reserve in 1985.
The area consists mainly of secondarybirch woodland, with some locally uncommonwillowcarr or wet woodland and a small area ofacid grassland along the track of the formerActon curve railway. The reserve supports a varied population of plants, birds, amphibians, insects and other wildlife. It is managed by theLondon Wildlife Trust.[4]
The reserve is maintained by London Wildlife Trust staff with the help of volunteers, and is open to the public. There is a varied programme of activities including wildlife walks, fungus forays, open days and talks. The reserve is used regularly by school and community groups, and for team-building work days by corporate groups. Its entrance, with a wooden five-bar gate flanked by hedges, is on the south ofBollo Lane, a few yards fromChiswick Park Underground station.
Old railway level indicator beside the former Acton Curve goods track
The area is shown on 19th-century maps as orchards and gravel quarries. The triangular area now occupied by the reserve was delineated by three railway lines, two belonging to theDistrict Railway (now the District line ofLondon Underground), and one to the now-defunctLondon and South Western Railway (LSWR). There was once a bridge into the triangle from the west, and in the 1940s it was used as railway allotments (vegetable gardens), but when London Transport'sActon Works was built, the bridge was abandoned. The area, thus disused, was colonised naturally by grasses and trees in a "secondary succession".[5][6]
Gunnersbury Triangle local nature reserve campaign, 1988, showing children by the pond
In 1981, the site was proposed for commercial development, provoking an energetic campaign by the Chiswick Wildlife Group, formed in March 1982, which became the local branch of the London Wildlife Trust.[7] The threat to the site was one of the first to be highlighted by the London Wildlife Trust on its formation in October 1981.[8] The campaign led to apublic inquiry in July 1983, which determined that the site should be devoted to nature conservation. This was the first time anywhere in the United Kingdom that a public inquiry had ruled in favour of nature in a city, and the Gunnersbury Triangle example became a test case.[7][9]
According to theNew Scientist, writing in 1985, "the celebrated Gunnersbury Triangle – an undisturbed piece of woodland surrounded by railways including the District Line ... was bought and preserved by Hounslow borough from British Rail with a GLC grant of £58 000.[a] The GLC also gave expert ecological advice when Hounslow council contested a public inquiry to save the Triangle."[10]
The London Wildlife Trust has managed the Gunnersbury Triangle on behalf of the London Borough of Hounslow since 1985.[7] The London Borough of Hounslow formally designated the Gunnersbury Triangle as a local nature reserve in 1987.[7] The London Borough of Ealing formally designated the part of the Gunnersbury Triangle that lies in Ealing as a local nature reserve in 1991.[7]
The former badger signboard, 2012
In 1993, recalling the dramatic events, the president of the London Natural History Society, David Bevan said:
On November 19th 1987,... The Gunnersbury Triangle was declared by Hounslow Council. The circumstances that led up to this important declaration are vividly described in David Goode's book.[11] This was emphatically not a rural site. It was surrounded on all three sides by railway lines and had only been in existence for a mere forty years."[12]
Bevan quoted Goode as saying "It had none of the features which, in traditional nature conservation terms, would make it a place worth preserving", going on to explain this remark as follows:
Nevertheless, the woodland that had grown up on it provided the only genuinely wild place for miles around and it was greatly cherished by local people. British Rail, who owned the site, had applied for planning permission to put up warehousing over the whole of the triangle. This was refused by Hounslow Council and a public inquiry followed in 1983. The Inspector ruled that the development should not be allowed because of the considerable local ecological value.[12]
In 2016, the Triangle's volunteers won an RE:LEAF Acorn Award for their "particular contribution to promoting or conserving trees".[13]
Gunnersbury Triangle is a classic "railway triangle", the 2.57-hectare (6.4-acre) space in between three curving railway lines. To the west is the Richmond branch of the London Overground; to the south, the District line; and to the northeast, the disused track of the London and South Western Railway (there remains the Piccadilly line a little further north, crossing Bollo lane). Much of the area is now wooded.[7] It is alocal nature reserve and aSite of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation.[4] Traces of its former uses survive in the shape of railway archaeology and garden species such asraspberry andredcurrant from the railwaymen's gardens.[14]
Compartment 5: North acid meadow (railway track acid grassland)
On the former Acton curve railway, with a substratum of gritty sand and ballast (hard acidic rock). Small fine grasses especially sheep's fescue, with fine-leaved sheep's fescue, hard fescue, squirrel-tail fescue, early hair-grass. Herbs include sheep's sorrel, mouse-eared hawkweed, cat's ear and yarrow.[15]
Main pond, dug in 1986, with seasonally fluctuating water levels. Most vegetation has colonised naturally, with among others common reed, purple loosestrife, yellow iris, water-plantain, water figwort, soft rush, gypsywort, water starwort, curled pondweed, common duckweed, water forget-me-not, water mint, brooklime.[15]
Entrance yard gardens sown with wild flowers; hedge mustard, hoary mustard and other ruderal species invading; hedges with native trees and shrubs;hops scramble up the hedges.[15]
The Gunnersbury Triangle is regularly visited by school parties, totalling some 1500 students per year, mainly in the summer when they can work outside. They study grassland, woodland and pond ecology.[16]
According to theTES magazine, "From April, holly blue, peacock and brimstone butterflies abound. Following the illustrated guide, you wind among wild cherry and rowan, under archways of hazel branches to a pond where damsel-flies dance in early summer. A sparrow-hawk nests in a silver birch, a jay comes visiting, bees and wood-mice also live here."[17] The TES continues: "There are open glades for picnics and, in autumn, blackberries to gather. The aim here is to manage the woodland as a natural piece of countryside in town, and if, from time to time, you glimpse a tube train, you hardly notice it, beyond the trees."[17]
The reserve is open to the public. The London Wildlife Trust runs guided visits such as Fungus Forays and wildlife walks every year.[18][19] On open days, staff and volunteers organise activities to enable children and adults to learn more about nature conservation in a relaxed environment.[20]
Bumblebee in Gunnersbury Triangle's wildflower demonstration meadow planted withcornflowers andpoppies
From time to time, companies provide teams of volunteers to work for a day on tasks such as clearing scrub and repairing paths and fences.[21]
The London Wildlife Trust's long-term management objective for the site is "to manage the nature reserve to conserve its natural biodiversity, and to conserve its matrix of woodland, wetland and grassland habitats through appropriate management". This includes coppicing, clearing scrub, mowing, and controlling invasion by non-native species, while "preserving the feeling of 'wilderness'".[7] Much of the work is carried out by the Trust's volunteers; the trust provides volunteers with training in the more specialised skills suchhedgelaying andtree pruning.[14]
The Mayor of London's 2002 Biodiversity Strategy comments "Over the last few decades, many exciting places have been established where city people are able to enjoy the natural world, often on sites which at the outset had seemingly little to offer. These includeCamley Street Natural Park in King's Cross, Gillespie Park in Highbury, Gunnersbury Triangle in Chiswick, ..." and explains "The important message conveyed by these projects, regardless of their size, is that significant achievements for nature conservation are possible even in the most urban of settings, and often on modest budgets, provided there exists a cocktail of goodwill, optimism, commitment and professional back-up. Moreover such projects often yield social benefits, providing a community focus."[22]
^The land was far from 'undisturbed', being entirely a secondary succession. It was not only woodland but acid grassland and other habitats. It was only partly surrounded by railways. The 'GLC' was theGreater London Council.
^"Gunnersbury Triangle". Local Nature Reserves. Natural England. 18 December 2013. Archived fromthe original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved22 January 2014.
^abBevan, David (1993)."The London Naturalist".Conserving Nature in London. London Natural History Society. pp. No. 72,9–14. Archived fromthe original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved17 January 2012.
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