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Govia Thameslink Railway

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
British train operating company
This article is about the current train operating company. For other uses of the name, seeThameslink (disambiguation).
Not to be confused withThames Trains.

Govia Thameslink Railway
A ThameslinkClass 700 at Shepreth Branch Junction, south ofCambridge in 2019
Overview
Franchise(s)
Main region(s)
  • South East England
  • Greater London
  • East of England
Stations operated238
Parent company
Reporting markGN, GX, SN, TL
Other
Websitegtrailway.com

Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR) is a Britishtrain operating company that operates theTSGN rail franchise. Within the franchise, GTR runs trains under the sub-brands:Thameslink,Great Northern,Southern, andGatwick Express. GTR is a subsidiary ofGovia, which is itself ajoint venture between the BritishGo-Ahead Group (65%) and French companyKeolis (35%).

The franchise was awarded, after repeated delays, to Govia Thameslink Railway on 23 May 2014. On 14 September 2014, GTR took over operations for the prior franchiseeFirst Capital Connect; during July 2015, both Southern and Gatwick Express operations were integrated into GTR. This change made it the largest rail franchise in terms of passengers, staff and fleet in the UK. The franchise has an unusual structure involving a management contract that sees all fare revenues going straight to theDepartment for Transport (DfT), which in turn pays GTR fixed amounts that add up to £8.9 billion across its first seven years of operation.

GTR introduced several fleets of new trains, including theClass 387,Class 700, andClass 717. In terms of infrastructure, Govia planned to invest £50 million into the 239 stations it manages to improve accessibility, replace information systems, and increase staffing hours, alongside general redevelopment work. Various measures at increasing capacity and improving service were also planned, such as the doubling of overnight Thameslink services, half-hourly King's Lynn to London services, and extending theOyster card network.

As early as June 2016, GTR was facing public criticism from officials over its performance, including calls from theMayor of LondonSadiq Khan for it to be stripped of the franchise. In May 2018, the company introduced a new timetable which included the first regular services through theCanal Tunnels and to other new destinations previously not served by Thameslink; however, aninterim timetable that ran fewer trains had to be adopted due to frequent service issues. In response to the significant decline of passenger travel amid theCOVID-19 pandemic, GTR considerably curtailed its services by mid-2020. GTR is one of several train operators that experienced severe disruption of services due to the2022–2024 United Kingdom railway strikes.

History

[edit]

Background

[edit]

During 2006, theThameslink andGreat Northern services were merged into a single franchise due to the upcomingThameslink Programme. In 2012, the British government announced that services ofFirst Capital Connect,Southern (withGatwick Express) and someSoutheastern routes would be merged into a singleThameslink, Southern and Great Northern franchise (TSGN).[2] The Invitation to Tender was to have been issued in October 2012, with the successful bidder announced during Spring 2013 and TSGN originally due to start in September 2013. However, following the collapse of theInterCity West Coast re-franchising process, it was decided to enact a temporary freeze on all franchising competitions until January 2013.[3]

In January 2013, the government announced that it would extend the existing contract through to March 2014, and that it intended to negotiate withFirstGroup to operate the franchise under a management contract for up to two years.[4] In March 2013, theSecretary of State for Transport announced that the franchise would be extended again to run up to 13 September 2014, and that the future franchise would be a management-style contract due to the level of investment and change on the route.[5] During September 2013, a revised invitation to tender was issued.[6] On 23 May 2014, it was announced that Govia Thameslink Railway had been awarded the franchise.[7][8][9]

On 14 September 2014, Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR) took over services fromFirst Capital Connect; at the commencement of operations, it served 122 stations and operated a fleet of 226 trains.[10] The separateThameslink andGreat Northern brands were maintained upon the GTR takeover. During December 2014, full control was taken of the Sevenoaks Thameslink service, previously operated jointly withSoutheastern. During July 2015, both Southern and Gatwick Express became a part of GTR, making it the largest rail franchise in terms of passengers, staff and fleet in the UK.[11][12]

The franchise has an unusual structure: it is a management contract where fare income does not go to GTR. Under their original contract, theDepartment for Transport pays GTR £8.9 billion over the first seven-year period and receives all revenue.[13] Consequently, the company carries less revenue risk. This form of franchise was chosen because of long-term engineering works anticipated around London, which would be a significant challenge to organise within the normal form of franchise.[14][15]

Changes and disruptions

[edit]

During December 2015, GTR announced that the majority of its ticket prices would be frozen, and that the average fare rise for the coming year would be only 0.8%.[16]

In June 2016, amongst criticism of the performance of its services, Go-Ahead warned of lower than anticipated profits on the franchises, leading to 18% drop in the Go-Ahead share price. Passengers had previously rated its Thameslink service as the worst in the country. Only 20% of Southern trains arrived on time in the year from April 2015 to March 2016, and there was an ongoing industrial dispute overdriver-only operated trains.[17][18][19] On 12 July 2016, after 15% of Southern services were cancelled for a period of weeks to improve service reliability,Mayor of LondonSadiq Khan called for GTR to be stripped of the franchise.[20] On 15 July 2016, citing the issues, Rail MinisterClaire Perry resigned from her position.[21]

In response to the significant decline of passenger travel amid theCOVID-19 pandemic, GTR considerably curtailed its services by mid-2020.[22][23] Between 30 March 2020 and 3 April 2022, Gatwick Express services were suspended.[24][25]

In March 2022, following changes made due to COVID-19, the DfT gave GTR a direct-award contract expiring on 1 April 2025, with the option for the government to extend this until 1 April 2028 at the latest.[1]

GTR is one of several train operators impacted by the2022–2024 United Kingdom railway strikes, which are the first national rail strikes in the UK for three decades.[26] Its workers are amongst those who have voted in favour of takingindustrial action due to a dispute over pay and working conditions.[27] GTR is only capable of operating a very minimal timetable on any of the planned dates for the strikes due to the number of staff involved.[28][29]

Thameslink and Great Northern services

[edit]
Main articles:Thameslink andGreat Northern route

Govia Thameslink Railway has operated Thameslink and Great Northern services since 14 September 2014.Thameslink is a 68-station main-line route running 225 km (140 miles) north to south through London fromBedford toBrighton, serving bothLondon Gatwick Airport andLondon Luton Airport, with a suburban loop servingSutton,Mitcham andWimbledon and on weekdays a suburban line viaCatford andBromley South toSevenoaks. Great Northern is the name of the suburban rail services run on the southern end of Britain'sEast Coast Main Line and associated branches. Services operate to or fromLondon King's Cross andMoorgate. Destinations includeHertford North,Welwyn Garden City,Stevenage,Peterborough,Cambridge andKing's Lynn.

In May 2018, the company introduced a new timetable which included the first regular services through theCanal Tunnels and to other new destinations previously not served by Thameslink. However, due to frequent disruption of services on the whole network, Govia decided to create a new interim timetable with a reduced number of trains; this came into operation in July 2018.[30]

Thameslink service pattern

[edit]

Off-peak

[edit]

The Monday–Friday off-peak service pattern, with frequencies intrains per hour (tph), includes:

Thameslink Monday–Friday off-peak service pattern
RoutetphCalling at
Bedford toBrighton[31][32]2
Bedford to Three Bridges via Redhill[31][33]2
  • In the evening, this service only runs between Luton and Three Bridges
Peterborough toHorsham viaRedhill[34][35]2
Cambridge toBrighton[34][32]2
London Blackfriars toSevenoaks via Catford and Otford[36]2
Luton toRainham via Greenwich[36][37]2
  • In the evening, this service only runs between Kentish Town and Rainham
St Albans City toSutton viaWimbledon (loop)[31][38]2
  • Services then continue to/from St Albans City via Mitcham Junction (see below)
St Albans City to Sutton viaMitcham Junction (loop)[31][38]2
  • Radlett
  • Elstree & Borehamwood
  • Mill Hill Broadway
  • Hendon
  • Brent Cross West
  • Cricklewood
  • West Hampstead Thameslink
  • Kentish Town
  • London St Pancras International
  • Farringdon
  • City Thameslink
  • London Blackfriars
  • Elephant & Castle
  • Loughborough Junction
  • Herne Hill
  • Tulse Hill
  • Streatham
  • Mitcham Eastfields
  • Mitcham Junction
  • Hackbridge
  • Carshalton
  • Services then continue to/from St Albans City via Wimbledon (see above)


Peak hours

[edit]

During peak hours, the two trains per hour London Blackfriars to Sevenoaks service (from the table above) is extended through the 'core section' to/fromWelwyn Garden City (though a few services originate at Finsbury Park), with extra calls at City Thameslink, Farringdon, St Pancras International, Finsbury Park,New Southgate,Oakleigh Park,New Barnet,Potters Bar andHatfield only.[36][39]

As well as these services, during peak hours, several trains in each direction (approximately two trains per hour) run to/fromOrpington (originating/terminating at either London Blackfriars, Luton, West Hampstead Thameslink or Kentish Town), all calling atPetts Wood in lieu of stations from St Mary Cray to Bat & Ball.[36]

In addition, there are seven trains per day in each direction that operate to/fromEast Grinstead (originating/terminating at either Bedford, West Hampstead Thameslink, St Pancras International or London Bridge), which, after calling at South Croydon, call atSanderstead,Riddlesdown,Upper Warlingham,Woldingham,Oxted,Hurst Green,Lingfield andDormans.[40]

There are also three extra trains throughout the evening peak hours that operate from Gatwick Airport to Bedford in that direction only, calling at various stations.[41]


Great Northern service pattern

[edit]

Since the introduction of regular services through the Canal Tunnels during May 2018, many GTR services on theEast Coast Main Line were rebranded fromGreat Northern toThameslink. Most of these services have been extended through central London and incorporated into theThameslink network (as per above), although as of October 2019 some services are yet to be extended. The only services to retain theGreat Northern brand are those on theNorthern City Line, the stopping services to/from Cambridge and Letchworth Garden City and the express services to/from Cambridge, Ely and King's Lynn, as well as Peterborough at peak times.[42]

The Great Northern Monday-Friday off-peak service pattern, as of December 2024, with frequencies intrains per hour (tph), consists of the following:[43]

RoutetphCalling at
London King's Cross toEly1
London King's Cross toKing's Lynn1
London King's Cross toLetchworth Garden City1Finsbury Park,Alexandra Palace,Potters Bar,Hatfield,Welwyn Garden City,Welwyn North,Knebworth,Stevenage,Hitchin
London King's Cross to Cambridge1Finsbury Park, Alexandra Palace, Potters Bar, Hatfield, Welwyn Garden City, Welwyn North, Knebworth, Stevenage, Hitchin, Letchworth Garden City,Baldock,Royston,Meldreth,Shepreth,Foxton
Moorgate to Welwyn Garden City2
Moorgate to Stevenage viaHertford North2


Southern and Gatwick Express services

[edit]
SouthernClass 377 atWatford Junction
Main articles:Southern (Govia Thameslink Railway) andGatwick Express

The Southern and Gatwick Express brands joined Govia Thameslink Railway on 26 July 2015. Southern routes run from London Victoria and London Bridge through the South London suburbs ofBattersea,Norbury,Peckham,Sydenham,Crystal Palace, Norwood,Croydon,Streatham,Purley andSutton to towns surrounding London includingCaterham,Epsom andTadworth. Further afield, Southern also serveRedhill,Tonbridge,Uckfield,East Grinstead,Gatwick Airport,Brighton,Ashford (Kent),Worthing,Hastings,Portsmouth,Eastbourne,Horsham,Southampton,Littlehampton andBognor Regis. Additionally, Southern run West London route services fromMilton Keynes toSouth Croydon viaWatford andClapham Junction. Since 2008, Southern has operated the Gatwick Express service from London Victoria to Gatwick Airport and Brighton.[44][45]

Gatwick Express

[edit]

Gatwick Express operates an express commuter and airport transfer service betweenLondon Victoria,Gatwick Airport,Haywards Heath andBrighton. Between 6:00 am and 9:00 am on weekdays, northbound services call additionally atPreston Park,Hassocks andBurgess Hill. Services stop additionally at the same stations in the southbound direction between 5:00 pm and 8:00 pm.[46]

As of May 2023, the off-peak Monday-Saturday, with frequencies in 'trains per hour' (tph), consists of:[46]

RoutetphCalling at
London Victoria –Brighton2Gatwick Airport,Haywards Heath[47]

On Sundays, Gatwick Express operates a half-hourly shuttle service between London Victoria and Gatwick Airport only.[46]


Southern

[edit]

The standard off-peak service as of June 2024 is:[48]

Brighton Main Line
RoutetphCalling at
London Victoria –Littlehampton2
London Victoria –Eastbourne1
London Victoria –Ore1
Arun Valley line
RoutetphCalling at
London Victoria –Portsmouth Harbour via Crawley2
  • This route splits/merges at Horsham with the route toBognor Regis (see below). Fishbourne, Bosham, Nutbourne and Warblington are served by the same train
London Victoria –Bognor Regis via Crawley2
Seaford branch line
RoutetphCalling at
Brighton –Seaford2
  • Services alternate between serving Southease and Newhaven Harbour
East Coastway andMarshlink lines
RoutetphCalling at
Brighton –Eastbourne1
Brighton –Ore1
Eastbourne –Ashford International1
West Coastway line
RoutetphCalling at
Brighton –Southampton Central2
Brighton –Portsmouth & Southsea1
Brighton to Chichester via Littlehampton1
  • Hove,Aldrington, Portslade,Fishersgate, Southwick, Shoreham-by-Sea, Lancing, East Worthing, Worthing, West Worthing, Durrington-on-Sea, Goring-by-Sea, Angmering, Littlehampton,[a] Ford, Barnham,
Barnham – Bognor Regis2Shuttle service
Oxted line
RoutetphCalling at
London Victoria –East Grinstead1
London Bridge –Uckfield1
Reigate andRedhill–Tonbridge line
RoutetphCalling at
London Victoria –Reigate2
Redhill –Tonbridge1
West London Route
RoutetphCalling at
Watford Junction –East Croydon1
Mole Valley Line
RoutetphCalling at
London Victoria –Dorking via Carshalton1
London Victoria –Horsham via Carshalton1
London Victoria –Epsom Downs via Norbury2
London Bridge – Epsom2
  • Norwood Junction, West Croydon, Waddon, Wallington, Carshalton Beeches, Sutton, Cheam, Ewell East
Caterham andTattenham Corner lines
RoutetphCalling at
London Bridge –Caterham2
  • This route splits/merges at Purley with the route toTattenham Corner, see below.
London Bridge –Tattenham Corner2
  • This route splits/merges at Purley with the route toCaterham, see above.
London via Crystal Palace and/or Tulse Hill
RoutetphCalling at
London Victoria –West Croydon via Crystal Palace2
London Victoria –London Bridge via Crystal Palace2
London Bridge –East Croydon via Tulse Hill2
London Bridge –Beckenham Junction via Tulse Hill and Crystal Palace2
  • South Bermondsey, Queens Road Peckham, Peckham Rye, East Dulwich, North Dulwich, Tulse Hill, West Norwood, Gipsy Hill, Crystal Palace,Birkbeck
Southern exterior signage atNorwood Junction station (now replaced byLondon Overground signage)

Franchise commitments

[edit]
An example of widescale upgrade works atHarpenden station including the extension of platforms for 12 carriage trains, a new footbridge with lifts, new waiting rooms, brighter lighting, new ticket gates and automatic passenger information screens

This franchise is different from many other franchises let since the start ofrailway privatisation in 1996. Under the agreed terms of the franchise, the operator, in this case Govia, gives all revenue to the government, rather than paying set premiums. TheDepartment for Transport will pay Govia, totalling around £8.9 billion over the franchise period of seven years, from the expected revenues of £12.4 billion. From these payments, Govia expects to generate a 3% profit, and the risks on operating costs will be Govia's, while the DfT will profit or lose from fluctuations in revenue.[49]

Prior to the start of the franchise, Govia stated its plans to invest £50 million in all 239 stations that it would manage. The specifics of these plans include:[50]

  • Enhance all 239 stations including improving access, replace electronic information screens and working with local authorities on the redevelopment of St Albans and Luton stations.
  • Increase staffing hours at many stations, with the 100 busiest stations staffed from first to last train, like London Overground stations.
  • Extension of 'the key' smartcard which Southern has been introducing.
  • Provide 104 stations with free Wi-Fi.
  • £1.5 million on station access improvements including increased cycle storage and electrical vehicle charging points.

Govia also stated its intention to bring about the following:[51]

  • Half-hourly King's Lynn to London services
  • Direct Peterborough, Cambridge, Welwyn Garden City and Finsbury Park to Tattenham Corner, Caterham, Horsham services.[52]
  • Increasing Great Northern suburban services to four trains per hour via Enfield Chase and New Barnet
  • Great Northern suburban services to run to Moorgate at weekends and on weekday evenings
  • 50% increase in capacity from Uckfield to London in the peaks.
  • Doubling overnight Thameslink services
  • Sevenoaks Thameslink services to run on Saturdays
  • Working to extend Oyster to Epsom, Gatwick Airport, Luton Airport Parkway, Welwyn Garden City and Hertford North[53]
  • Class 387 Electrostars for King's Lynn express services, releasing Class 317s, 321s and some Class 365s for newly electrified routes elsewhere.[54]
  • Creating an alliance arrangement with Network Rail in 2016, like South West Trains.[55]

Rolling stock

[edit]

In order to replace theClass 319 trains and to operate the expanded Thameslink network, a fleet of 115 eight- and twelve-carClass 700 trains had been procured during the franchise term of First Capital Connect. These entered service between 2016 and 2019.

As a consequence of the delayed procurement of the Class 700 trains, 29Class 387 trains had also been ordered for the Thameslink route to release the Class 319 trains to newly electrified routes. Deliveries were completed during 2014 and the trains entered service later that year.[6][56] It was originally planned that once the Class 700s began entering service, the Class 387s would be transferred toGreat Western Railway for use on routes in theThames Valley.[57] However, a change of plans saw GWR order an entirely new fleet of Class 387s, so the Thameslink units were instead cascaded to the Great Northern route following delivery of the Class 700s.[58][59]

In addition to these, GTR ordered 25 new six-car trains to replace 40-year-oldClass 313 units,[49] which were being run on the Great Northern suburban services out ofMoorgate. During December 2015, Siemens was selected to provide these as a follow-on to the Class 700 order.[60][61] They were designated as theClass 717 in June 2016, and were first introduced in September 2018.[62][63]

In September 2022, 3 Class 171 trains were transferred toEast Midlands Railway with the remaining trains reconfigured into 2 and 3 car formations.[64][65]

In April 2023, GTR issued a tender for between 21 and 30 new trains to provide additional capacity for theirGreat Northern route.[66] In March 2024, it was announced that Great Northern would lease all 30Class 379s previously used byGreater Anglia.[67][68][69] As of November 2024, the trains have been accepted for service and are expected to enter service in 2025.[70]

In May 2023 the Southern Class 313 units were withdrawn from service.[71]

In November 2024,Southeastern announced that 13Class 377 units would be transferred from Southern. The first two units will transfer before the December 2024 timetable change with the remaining units expected to transfer before December 2025.[72]

Govia Thameslink Railway issued a tender in April 2023 for between 21 and 30 four-coach 100 mph (160 km/h) trains, with an estimated value of £48.6 million.[66] On 12 March 2024 it was announced that Great Northern would lease the full 30-unit fleet ofClass 379 units.[67] The units entered service on 10 February 2025.[73]

Current fleet

[edit]
FamilyClassImageTypeTop speedNumberCarriagesRoutes operatedBuilt
mphkm/h
Southern
Bombardier Turbostar171/2
DMU1001601[64]3Brighton Main Line (London Bridge to South Croydon)
Oxted line (to Uckfield only)
East Coastway line
Marshlink line		2003–04
171/712[64]
171/84[64]2

Bombardier Electrostar377/1

EMU644Entire Southern network apart from sections betweenHurst Green andUckfield & betweenOre andAshford International2001–05
377/215
377/3283
377/4754
377/6265
377/78


387/21101775 (Varies)4[74]Units borrowed fromGatwick Express on a rotational basis according to demand.
Brighton Main Line
East Coastway line
West Coastway line (Brighton to Southampton Central)		2016–17
Gatwick Express
Bombardier Electrostar

387

EMU110177224Gatwick Express services betweenLondon Victoria &Brighton2015–2016
Great Northern
Bombardier Electrostar

379

EMU100160304Great Northern express services betweenLondon King's Cross &Ely /King's Lynn /Peterborough and Great Northern semi-fast services betweenLondon King's Cross &Letchworth Garden City /Cambridge2010–2011

387

11017738[74]4Great Northern express services betweenLondon King's Cross &Ely /King's Lynn /Peterborough and Great Northern semi-fast services betweenLondon King's Cross &Letchworth Garden City /Cambridge2014–2017
Siemens Desiro

717Desiro City[63]

85137256Northern City Line services betweenMoorgate &Welwyn Garden City /Stevenage viaHertford North2018
Thameslink
Siemens Desiro700Desiro City
EMU100161608All Thameslink services2015–2018
5512

Past fleet

[edit]

Former units operated by Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern include:

ClassImageTypeTop speedCarriagesNumberBuiltRoutesWithdrawn
mphkm/h
171DMU10016143[75]2003-2004Oxted line
Marshlink line		2022
365Networker ExpressEMU1001614401994-95Express services betweenLondon King's Cross and /Ely /King's Lynn /Peterborough2018–2021
313

751213641976–1977Northern City Line
West Coastway line
East Coastway line
Seaford branch line		2019 (Great Northern)
2023 (Southern)[71]


319100161486
  • 1987–1988
  • 1990
All Thameslink services2015–2017
3211001614131989–1990Express services betweenLondon King's Cross toPeterborough andCambridge2016
377Electrostar262008–2009Some Thameslink services2017
45575120446[76]1982–1984Metro and commuter services fromLondon Victoria &London Bridge2022

Performance

[edit]
Govia and Thameslink passenger numbers 2010–11 to 2018–19 Q4, annual rolling average[77][78]

In February 2015, Thameslink and Great Northern came at the bottom ofWhich? magazine'sbest and worst UK train companies customer survey, scoring a customer satisfaction score of 43%. Thameslink and Great Northern were also scored 2/5 stars in each of the specific categories covered by the survey (includingreliability,punctuality andcleanliness of toilets) – which is the worst performance of any UK train operator. In theWhich? 2017 survey, Thameslink and Great Northern improved their performance slightly with a rating of 46% also, their position in the table was second to bottom.[79] Southern was in bottom place, but had been subject huge disruption due to industrial action.

Passenger numbers on Govia Thameslink Railway (which also includesSouthern andGatwick Express) have risen from 262 million annually in 2010–11 to 327 million annually in 2015–16.[78]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abcTrains reverse here

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"National Rail Contract Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern"(PDF). Department for Transport. 24 March 2022.Archived(PDF) from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved7 March 2023.
  2. ^"Consultation on the combined Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern franchise". Department for Transport. 26 September 2013.Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved24 May 2014.
  3. ^"Expanding and improving the rail network". Department for Transport.Archived from the original on 31 March 2014. Retrieved24 May 2014.
  4. ^"Rail franchising future programme". Department for Transport. 31 January 2013.Archived from the original on 6 February 2013. Retrieved12 July 2018.
  5. ^"Railway plan puts new focus on passengers". Secretary of State for Transport statement. 26 March 2013.Archived from the original on 13 August 2013. Retrieved12 July 2018.
  6. ^ab"Thameslink Southern & Great Northern Invitation to Tender"(PDF). Department for Transport. 26 September 2013.Archived(PDF) from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved12 July 2018.
  7. ^"Govia chosen for new Thameslink contract".Railnews. 23 May 2014.Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved23 May 2014.
  8. ^"Govia wins TSGN franchise, beating FirstGroup".Rail Technology. 23 May 2014.Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved23 May 2014.
  9. ^"New rail franchising deal set to transform passenger services across London and south east".Department for Transport (DfT). 23 May 2014.Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved24 May 2014.
  10. ^"Govia wins Thameslink rail franchise".BBC News Online. 23 May 2014.Archived from the original on 24 May 2014. Retrieved24 May 2014.
  11. ^McEwan, Fergus (24 July 2015)."Ambitious plans to improve Southern rail network under new franchise". getsurrey.co.uk.
  12. ^Montgomery, Angus (17 December 2014)."Britain's biggest rail franchise rolls out new identity". designweek.co.uk.Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved25 July 2022.
  13. ^Topham, Gwyn (23 May 2014)."FirstGroup loses Thameslink franchise to Go-Ahead joint venture".The Guardian.Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved24 May 2014.
  14. ^James, Ben (18 June 2016)."Fines issued to rail provider GTR for poor performance slammed".The Argus.Archived from the original on 19 June 2016. Retrieved20 June 2016.
  15. ^Usborne, Simon (8 July 2016)."All aboard the Southern chaos train: the commuters caught in a war on rails".The Guardian. Retrieved8 July 2016.
  16. ^"GTR freezes thousands of fares and caps season tickets to rate of inflation". mynewsdesk.com. 4 December 2015.Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved25 July 2022.
  17. ^"Thameslink woes hit Go-Ahead shares".BBC News. 14 June 2016.Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved20 June 2016.
  18. ^Richard, Craig (17 June 2016)."Boss of Epsom's main train operator Govia Thameslink Railway takes home £2.1m paycheck despite "appalling service"".Your Local Guardian.Archived from the original on 18 June 2016. Retrieved20 June 2016.
  19. ^Watts, Joseph (17 June 2016)."Govia Thameslink Railway boss refuses to defend CEO £2m pay".Evening Standard. London.Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved20 June 2016.
  20. ^Topham, Gwyn; Weaver, Matthew (12 July 2016)."Take Southern rail franchise off operator, urges Sadiq Khan".The Guardian. Retrieved16 July 2016.
  21. ^"Rail minister Claire Perry resigns".BBC News. 15 July 2016.Archived from the original on 16 July 2016. Retrieved16 July 2016.
  22. ^"Coronavirus: Rail franchise agreements suspended to avoid company collapses". Sky News. 23 March 2020.Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved23 March 2020.
  23. ^Osborne, Samuel (27 December 2021)."COVID-19: Christmas travel disruption as Omicron hits rail and airline staffing". news.sky.com.Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved18 July 2022.
  24. ^"Temporary suspension of Gatwick Express". Gatwick Express. 30 March 2020.Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved30 March 2020.
  25. ^"Gatwick Express to resume non-stop services from next month". railadvent.co.uk. March 2022.Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved6 June 2022.
  26. ^"Rail strike: RMT union votes for national action".BBC News. 24 May 2022.Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved24 May 2022.
  27. ^Macola, Ilaria Grasso (7 July 2022)."Govia Thameslink workers vote in favour of strike". cityam.com.Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved18 July 2022.
  28. ^Powling, Joshua (24 June 2022)."Rail strikes in Sussex: Southern, Thameslink and Southeastern services running on Friday, June 24".getsurrey.co.uk.Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved18 July 2022.
  29. ^"The dates of the train, Tube and bus strikes this week, and how services will be affected".inews.co.uk. 20 June 2022.Archived from the original on 24 June 2022. Retrieved24 June 2022.
  30. ^"Thameslink: Train Timetables". thameslinkrailway.com. June 2018. Archived fromthe original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved15 July 2018.
  31. ^abcd"C: Bedford, Luton and St Albans to London, Sutton, the Medway Towns, East Croydon, Gatwick Airport and the South Coast | Timetable valid from Monday 11 December 2023 until Monday 27 May 2024".timetables.thameslinkrailway.com. Retrieved6 September 2022.
  32. ^ab"Q: London, Croydon and Gatwick Airport to Haywards Heath and Brighton".timetables.thameslinkrailway.com. Retrieved6 September 2022.
  33. ^"O: London and Croydon to Redhill, Reigate, Tonbridge, Gatwick Airport and Three Bridges".timetables.thameslinkrailway.com. Retrieved6 September 2022.
  34. ^ab"A: King's Lynn, Ely, Cambridge, Peterborough and Stevenage to London, Gatwick Airport, Horsham and Brighton". Thameslink. Retrieved6 September 2022.
  35. ^"P: London, Croydon and Gatwick Airport to Crawley and Horsham".timetables.thameslinkrailway.com. Retrieved6 September 2022.
  36. ^abcd"E: Sevenoaks, Swanley, Orpington, Bromley South and Catford to London".
  37. ^"F: The Medway Towns, Gravesend, Dartford and Woolwich to London and Luton".
  38. ^ab"H: Sutton and Wimbledon to London via Streatham and Tulse Hill".
  39. ^"B: Stevenage, Hertford North, Enfield Chase, Welwyn Garden City, Hatfield and Potters Bar to London".
  40. ^"N: London and Croydon to Oxted, East Grinstead and Uckfield".
  41. ^"Timetable O".timetables.thameslinkrailway.com. Retrieved10 December 2024.
  42. ^"Train Routes".London: Govia Thameslink Railway.Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved25 July 2022.
  43. ^"Great Northern Timetables as of December 2024".
  44. ^"Gatwick Express service to remain".BBC News. 4 April 2007.Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved28 March 2023.
  45. ^"Company Information". Govia.Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved28 March 2023.
  46. ^abcSouthern Railway (23 May 2023)."Table R: London Victoria to Gatwick Airport and Brighton (Gatwick Express services only)".timetables.southernrailway.com.Archived from the original on 22 August 2023. Retrieved22 August 2023.
  47. ^Table 175National Rail timetable, May 2023
  48. ^"Southern June 2024 Timetable".
  49. ^abTopham, Gwyn (23 May 2014)."FirstGroup loses Thameslink franchise to Go-Ahead joint venture".The Guardian. London.Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved24 May 2014.
  50. ^"Govia awarded TSGN franchise" (Press release). Govia. 23 May 2014.Archived from the original on 16 September 2014. Retrieved9 September 2014.
  51. ^"TSGN". Govia. Archived fromthe original on 25 May 2014. Retrieved24 May 2014.
  52. ^"Proposed Thameslink service pattern"(PDF). Thameslink Programme. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 23 May 2014. Retrieved24 May 2014.
  53. ^"Easier journeys and better information". Govia. Archived fromthe original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved11 July 2014.
  54. ^"New Trains". Govia. Archived fromthe original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved11 July 2014.
  55. ^"More reliable and faster services". Govia. Archived fromthe original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved11 July 2014.
  56. ^"Bombardier to manufacture 116 new train carriages for Thameslink rolling stock cascade" (Press release). Southern. 17 July 2013. Archived fromthe original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved12 July 2018.
  57. ^"First Great Western plans AT300s to Cornwall".Railway Gazette International. 23 March 2015. Archived fromthe original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved12 July 2018.
  58. ^Clinnick, Richard."Latest Class 387 Electrostar deal details".Rail Magazine.Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved22 April 2021.
  59. ^Clinnick, Richard."Great Northern Class 700s to operate from next year".Rail Magazine.Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved22 April 2021.
  60. ^"Siemens selected to supply Moorgate suburban EMU fleet".Railway Gazette International. London. 22 December 2015. Archived fromthe original on 19 June 2016. Retrieved22 December 2015.
  61. ^Clinnick, Richard (22 December 2015)."Siemens favoured for new GN trains".Rail. Peterborough.Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved22 December 2015.
  62. ^Clinnick, Richard."New Great Northern Class 717 carries first passengers".Rail Magazine.Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved26 April 2021.
  63. ^abClinnick, Richard."New Govia Thameslink Railway trains to be Class 717s".Rail.Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved9 June 2016.
  64. ^abcd"EMR Evolves for the Future".Modern Railways. No. 889. Key Publishing. August 2022. pp. 51–56.
  65. ^"Four GTR Turbostars moving to EMR".Modern Railways. No. 885. June 2022. p. 102.
  66. ^ab"Govia Thameslink Rail (GTR): Provision of a fleet of up to 30 x 4-car EMUs". Delta Sourcing. 25 April 2023.Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved30 April 2023.
  67. ^ab"Leasing for the GN Network of Additional Rolling Stock".find-tender.service.gov.uk. Retrieved19 May 2024.
  68. ^"GA withdraws all Class 379s".Today's Railways UK. No. 242. April 2022. p. 66.
  69. ^"Porterbrook acquires '379s' for lease to GTR".Modern Railways. 21 April 2023. Retrieved30 November 2024.
  70. ^"Class 379 EMUs being readied for use on Great Northern from early 2025".Rail Magazine. Retrieved30 November 2024.
  71. ^abSouthern Railway [@SouthernRailUK] (19 May 2023)."The last day of scheduled passenger services with 313 stock was today" (Tweet). Retrieved26 May 2023 – viaTwitter.
  72. ^"Southeastern to receive 13 Class 377s from Govia Thameslink as part of EMU reshuffle".Rail Magazine. Retrieved30 November 2024.
  73. ^"Class 379s enter traffic with GTR".Modern Railways. 11 February 2025. Retrieved12 February 2025.
  74. ^abRussell, David (July 2024). "Class 387 Electrostar". Units.Rail Express. No. 338. p. 23.
  75. ^"EMR Evoles for the Future".Modern Railways. October 2022. p. 52.
  76. ^"Southern: Useful Information".www.southernrailway.com. Archived from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved24 April 2022.
  77. ^"Table 1223 - Passenger journeys by operator | ORR Data Portal".dataportal.orr.gov.uk.Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved26 April 2021.
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  79. ^"Best train companies overall".Which?. Archived fromthe original on 3 June 2017.

External links

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First Capital Connect
Thameslink and Great Northern franchise
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