Giancarlo De Carlo (1919−2005) was an Italianarchitect andanarchist.^[1] He was a member of theCongrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM) and became closely linked toUrbino as its town planner and creator of its master plan. Throughout his architecture career he advocated for the consideration of human, physical, cultural, and historical forces in design.

Giancarlo De Carlo was born inGenoa,Liguria in 1919 of a Tunisian father and Chilean mother.^[2] He enrolled at thePolytechnic University of Milan in 1939 and graduated with a degree inengineering in 1943. He then enlisted as a naval officer inWorld War II and served on a submarine support ship in the Mediterranean Sea.^[3] Following Italy's surrender to theAllied forces on September 8, 1943, he went into hiding, participating in the Italian Resistance through the Movement of Proletarian Unity alongside other Milanese architects such asFranco Albini. Later, De Carlo and fellow architectGiuseppe Pagano organized ananarchist-libertarian partisan group in Milan, theMatteotti Brigades.

In 1948, De Carlo resumed his studies at the Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia (Università Iuav di Venezia) where he received his degree in architecture August 1, 1949.^[4][5]

In 1956, as an Italian member of theCongrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM), De Carlo presented his own project for a housing complex inMatera in which all the principles of le Corbusier are ignored at the expense of specific attention to the geographical, social and climatic context of the region. His ideas broke from the old generation of architects and theinternational architectural model. In 1956, the current CIAM congress concluded andTeam 10 began, bringing together a new generation of architects (including De Carlo,Alison and Peter Smithson,Aldo van Eyck, andJacob "Jaap" Bakema) to conceive a new type of architecture, one which was better suited to local social and environmental conditions and where the man "is not reduced to an abstract figure".^[6]

De Carlo became closely linked withUrbino, becoming its town planner in 1958 and creating a master plan for the city.^[7]

Libertarian socialism was the underlying force for all of De Carlo's planning and design. He sawarchitecture as a consensus-based activity: his designs were generated as an expression of the forces that operate in a given context, including human, physical, cultural, and historical forces. His ideas linked the CIAM ideals with the late twentieth-century reality.^[6]

In 1976, De Carlo founded theILAUD (International Laboratory of Architecture & Urban Design), based on the principles of Team 10, which took place every summer in Italy for 27 years, engaging in continuous research in the evolution of architecture. In 1978, he founded and directed the magazineSpace and Society to maintain the Team 10 network and guarantee an alternative and independent voice in the European architectural sphere for the next 20 years.^[6][8]

He died in Milan on 4 June 2005.^[9]

De Carlo was awarded theWolf Prize in Arts in 1988 and theRIBARoyal Gold Medal in 1993.

Several times he was invited to universities around the world for conferences and meetings, receiving numerous awards and recognitions. De Carlo received anHonorary Doctorate fromHeriot-Watt University in 1995.^[10]

• 1950–1951, Public Housing,Sesto San Giovanni, Milan.
• 1951–1953, Public Housing,Baveno.
• 1952–1960, Palazzo Bonaventura (Redevelopment), Seat of the University of Urbino.
• 1956–1957, Housing and Shops, Matera.
• 1958–1964, Masterplan, Urbino.

• 1961–1965, Municipal Masterplan for Milan (with Alessandro Tutino and Silvano Tintori).
• 1961–1963, Summer Camp,Riccione.
• 1962–1965, Collegio del Colle Student Accommodation, Urbino.
• 1963, Restoration of retirement housing (Palazzo degli Anziani), Urbino.
• 1966–1968, Faculty of Law, Urbino.
• 1967–1969,La Pineta Quarter, Urbino.
• 1967–1969,Mirano Hospital,Metropolitan City of Venice
• 1968, Ca' Romanino (Casa Sichirollo), Urbino.
• 1968–1976, Faculty of Education, Urbino.
• 1969, Italian Pavilion,Osaka, Japan.
• 1969–1972, Redevelopment, Piazza del Mercatale, Urbino.

• 1970–1975, Villaggio Matteotti Housing Development,Terni.
• 1970–1972, Plan for the center of Rimini and San Giuliano.
• 1971–1975, Restoration of Francesco di Giorgio's Staircase, Urbino.
• 1973–1983, Student Accommodation, Urbino.
• 1972–1985, Faculty of Engineering,University of Pavia.
• 1977–1982, Restoration of the theatre, Teatro Sanzio, Urbino.
• 1977–1979, Elementary and Middle School, Buia/Osoppo,Udine.
• 1979, Plans for the Redevelopment of the Historic Center ofPalermo.
• 1979–1985, Housing, Mazzorbo, Venice.

• 1980–1981, Restoration of the historic church and buildings of Cascina San Lazzaro, Pavia.
• 1980–1981, Competition entry for Piazzale delle Pace,Parma.
• 1981–1983, Restoration of the Prè area of Genoa.
• 1983, New seat for theScuola del Libro High School, Urbino
• 1982–2001, Faculty of Medicine and Biology,University of Siena.
• 1983–1987, Restoration of the historic boatshed,Cervia
• 1986–2005, Carlo Cattaneo High School, San Miniato, province of Pisa.
• 1986–1999, Restoration of Palazzo Battiferri, Urbino.
• 1986–2004, Restoration and Redevelopment of theMonastery of San Nicolò l'Arena,Catania.
• ?–1989, Masterplan, historic centre ofLastra a Signa.
• 1989–2005, Sports Complex, Mazzorbo, Venice.
• 1989–1994, New Masterplan, Urbino.

• 1992–2005, New Palace of Justice,Pesaro.
• 1993–1999, Restoration and redevelopment of the hamlet,Colletta di Castelbianco,Savona.
• 1994–2000, Entrance gates to theRepublic of San Marino.
• 1995–2002, Café/Bathing Establishment, Nuovo Blue Moon, Lido, Venice.
• 1996, Plans for ferry dock,Thessaloniki, Greece.
• 1997–2001, Restoration of Castello di Montefiore,Recanati.
• 1997–1998, university campus, via Roccaromana, Catania.

• 2000–2001, Competition entry for Ponte Parodi, Genoa.
• 2003, Competition entry for the Porta Nuova Gardens, Milan.
• 2003–2006, Housing, Wadi Abou Jmeel,Beirut, Lebanon.
• 2003–2005, Children's center,Ravenna.

• Benedict Zucchi (1992)Giancarlo De Carlo, Oxford: Butterworth ArchitectureISBN 978-0-7506-1275-3
  • Miller, Naomi (1995). "Review of Giancarlo de Carlo".Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians.54 (2):251–253.doi:10.2307/990979.ISSN 0037-9808.JSTOR 990979.
• John McKean 'Il Magistero: De Carlo's dialogue with historical forms', Places (California/Cambridge Mass) Vol 16, No 1, Fall 2003ISSN 0731-0455
• John McKean,Giancarlo De Carlo, Layered Places, Stuttgart and Paris (2004), published in English by Menges (Stuttgart) and in French by Centre Pompidou as "Giancarlo De Carlo: Des Lieux, Des Hommes".ISBN 978-3-932565-12-0
• John McKean, “Giancarlo De Carlo et l’experience politique de la participation”, in 'La Modernite Critique, autour du CIAM 9, d’Aix-en-Provence – 1953', ed. Bonillo, Massu & Pinson, Marseille: editions Imberton, 2006
• Alberto Franchini (2020)Il Villaggio Matteotti a Terni. Giancarlo De Carlo e l'abitare collettivo, Roma: L'Erma di BretschneiderISBN 9788891320469[1]Archived 18 January 2021 at theWayback Machine
• Raman, P.G. (1998). "Libertarian themes in the work of Giancarlo De Carlo".Ekistics.65 (391/392/393):192–206.ISSN 0013-2942.JSTOR 43623304.

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• [2] Faculty of Architecture, Università di Roma3. Students workshop and exhibition "Giancarlo De Carlo, Partigiano dell'Architettura" (Italian)
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