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General-purpose modeling (GPM) is the systematic use of ageneral-purposemodeling language to represent the various facets of anobject or asystem. Examples of GPM languages are:

• TheUnified Modeling Language (UML), an industry standard for modeling software-intensive systems
• EXPRESS, a data modeling language for product data, standardized as ISO 10303-11
• IDEF, a group of languages from the 1970s that aimed to be neutral, generic and reusable^[1]
• Gellish, an industry standard natural language oriented modeling language for storage and exchange of data and knowledge, published in 2005
• XML, adata modeling language now beginning to be used to model code (MetaL, Microsoft .Net[1])

GPM languages are in contrast withdomain-specific modeling languages (DSMs).

• Model-driven engineering (MDE)

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