| Gat | |
 | |
| Korean name | |
|---|---|
| Hunminjeongeum | 갓 |
| Revised Romanization | gat |
| McCune–Reischauer | kat |
Agat (Korean: 갓;Korean pronunciation:[kat̚]) is aKorean traditionalhat worn by men along withhanbok (Korean traditional clothing) during theJoseon period. It is made from bamboo orhorsehair with abamboo frame and is partly transparent.
Mostgat are cylindrical in shape with a wide brim on a bamboo frame. Before the late 19th century, only noble class men could weargat, which represented their social status and protected theirtopknots.
Artisans who makegat are calledganniljang (갓일장), fromgannil (갓일, a compound of two wordsgat andil (work); "gat making") +jang (장;匠 "artisan, craftsperson, master of a craft").[1] Asgannil requires artisanship throughout a complex series of techniques involving an array of materials, it has been designated asIntangible Cultural Property No. 4 on December 24, 1964.[2]
The origins ofgat date back to ancient times. Usually, the following hats are considered to be the first specimens of what is known as gat today: the so-callediphyeong baekhwa pimo (입형백화피모;笠形白樺皮帽) from Geumnyeongchong (금령총;金鈴塚), an ancientSilla tomb located inGyeongju, and the pan-shaped gat which is distinct from ordinary hats in pattern and shape and is depicted on the murals of the Gamsinchong (감신총;龕神塚), an ancientGoguryeo tomb. Even in the modern era, the hat was worn commonly by elders and rural peoples until the late 20th century.
Colors and types ofgat were differentiated by circumstances and/or social status.
During theJoseon period, blackgat (흑립;黑笠;heungnip) was restricted to men who had passed thegwageo, or civil service examinations. In narrow definition, the termgat refers to theheungnip.
A whitegat (백립;白笠;baengnip) was worn during times of national mourning. It is crafted in the same manner as a blackgat but fromsambe (hemp), consistent with traditional Korean hempen mourning garb.[3]
A redgat (주립;朱笠;jurip) was worn by military officers ofJoseon. Its color comes from redlacquer.[4]
Commoners wore a variant calledpaeraengi (패랭이) which was woven from split bamboo.[5]
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