Frederik became king on his father's death in April 1947. During Frederik's reign, Danish society changed rapidly, thewelfare state was expanded and, as a consequence of the booming economy of the 1960s, women entered the labour market. The modernization brought new demands on the monarchy and Frederik's role as aconstitutional monarch. Frederik died in 1972, and was succeeded by his eldest daughter, Margrethe II.[6]
Christian IX died on 29 January 1906, and Frederik's grandfather Crown Prince Frederik succeeded him as King Frederik VIII. Frederik's father became crown prince, and Frederik moved up to second in line to the throne.[citation needed]
Frederik was educated at theRoyal Danish Naval Academy (breaking with Danish royal tradition by choosing a naval instead of an army career) and theUniversity of Copenhagen. Before he became king, he had acquired the rank ofrear admiral and he had had several senior commands on active service. He acquired several tattoos during his naval service including dragons, birds, and othertraditional tattoo motifs that were popular among sailors of the time.[9]
In addition, with his great love of music, Frederik was an ablepiano player andconductor.[10]
Frederik IX's reign saw great change. During these years, Danish society shook off the restrictions of an agricultural society, developed a welfare state, and, as a consequence of the booming economy of the 1960s, women entered the labour market. In other words, Denmark became a modern country, which meant new demands on the monarchy.
As King Frederik IX and Queen Ingrid had no sons, it was expected that the king's younger brother,Prince Knud, would inherit the throne, in accordance with Denmark's succession law (Royal Ordinance of 1853).
However, in 1953, anAct of Succession was passed, primarily changing the method of succession tomale-preference primogeniture, allowing his daughters to succeed him if he had no sons. As a result, his eldest daughter, Margrethe, becameheir presumptive.
Shortly after Frederik delivered his New Year's address on 31 December 1971, he became ill with flu-like symptoms. On 1 January 1972, he received treatment for pneumonia, with his New Year levées scheduled for 5 and 6 January being cancelled. On 3 January, he suffered acardiac arrest and was rushed to theCopenhagen Municipal Hospital. After a brief period of apparent improvement, the king's condition deteriorated further on 11 January, and he died three days later, on 14 January, at 7:50 pm surrounded by his immediate family and closest friends, having been unconscious since the previous day.[14][15][16] He was succeeded by his eldest daughter,Margrethe II.[16][17]
Following his death, Frederik's coffin was transported to his home atAmalienborg Palace, where it stood until 18 January, when it was moved to thechapel atChristiansborg Palace.[18] There, the coffin was placed oncastrum doloris, a ceremony largely unchanged since introduced at the burial ofFrederik III in 1670, and the last remaining royal ceremony where theDanish Crown Regalia is used. The king thenlay in state for six days until hisfuneral, during which period the public could pay their last respects.[19]
The funeral took place on 24 January 1972, and was split in two parts. A brief ceremony was first held in the chapel where the king had lain in state, in which theBishop of Copenhagen,Willy Westergaard Madsen [da], said a brief prayer, followed by a hymn, before the coffin was carried out of the chapel by members of theRoyal Life Guards and placed on agun carriage for a procession to theCopenhagen Central Station. The gun carriage was pulled by 48seamen and was escorted byhonor guards from the DanishArmy,Air Force, andNavy, as well as honor guards from France, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States.[20]
At the Copenhagen Central Station, the coffin was placed on a special railway carriage for the rail journey toRoskilde. Thefuneral train was pulled by twoDSB class E steam engines. Once in Roskilde, the coffin was pulled through the city by a group ofseamen toRoskilde Cathedral where the final ceremony took place. Previous rulers had been interred in the cathedral, but it was the King's wish to be buried outside.[21]
Queen Ingrid survived her husband by 28 years. She died on 7 November 2000. Her remains were interred alongside him at the burial site outside Roskilde Cathedral.
In 1934, theCrown Prince Frederik Range inGreenland was named after him when it was first mapped bySir Martin Lindsay during theBritish Trans-Greenland Expedition.[22]On 20 April 1982, a statue of King Frederik IX dressed in the uniform of an admiral was unveiled by the Copenhagen harbour on the 35th anniversary of his accession to the throne in 1947 and in the tenth year after his death.[23]
In the southern city ofSønderborg, Frederik has a dish named after himself. The dish is called "Kong Fiddes livret" (King Frederik's favorite). The nameFidde is a common diminutive nickname for people named Frederik in thesouthern parts of Denmark. The dish is supposedly one that was regularly served to Frederik on his birthday atGråsten Palace.[24] The dish consists of strips offlank steak, stirred in a creamypaprika andcurry sauce, served withFrench fries, boiledpotatoes,beetroot, boiledeggs and freshly slicedonions.[25]
^"The Royal Lineage".kongehuset.dk. 7 April 2016.Archived from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved1 December 2019.
^abHindø, Lone; Boelskifte, Else (2007).Kongelig Dåb. Fjorten generationer ved Rosenborg-døbefonten [Royal Baptisms. Fourteen generations at the Rosenborg baptismal font] (in Danish). Forlaget Hovedland. p. 101-107.ISBN978-87-7070-014-6.
^Restaurant Colosseum."Menu".Restaurant Colosseum. Retrieved22 January 2024.
^Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1943) [1st pub.:1801].Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1943 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1943](PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. pp. 17–18.Archived(PDF) from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved16 September 2019 – viada:DIS Danmark.
^Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1963) [1st pub.:1801].Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1963 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1963](PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 17.Archived(PDF) from the original on 22 September 2019. Retrieved16 September 2019 – viada:DIS Danmark.
Bramsen, Bo (1992).Huset Glücksborg. Europas svigerfader og hans efterslægt [The House of Glücksburg. The Father-in-law of Europe and his descendants] (in Danish) (2nd ed.). Copenhagen: Forlaget Forum.ISBN87-553-1843-6.
Fabricius Møller, Jes (2013).Dynastiet Glücksborg, en Danmarkshistorie [The Glücksborg Dynasty, a history of Denmark] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Gad.ISBN978-87-12-04841-1.
Lerche, Anna; Mandal, Marcus (2003).A royal family: the story of Christian IX and his European descendants. Copenhagen: Aschehoug.ISBN978-87-15-10957-7.
Scocozza, Benito (1997). "Frederik 9.".Politikens bog om danske monarker [Politiken's book about Danish monarchs] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Politikens Forlag. pp. 200–203.ISBN87-567-5772-7.
1 Also prince of Norway 2 Also prince of Greece 3 Also prince of Iceland 4 Also prince of the United Kingdom 5 Not Danish prince by birth, but created prince of Denmark Princes that lost their title are shown in italics
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