| Foot-and-mouth disease virus | |
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| Electronmicrograph of Foot-and-mouth disease virus | |
Virus classification | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Pisuviricota |
| Class: | Pisoniviricetes |
| Order: | Picornavirales |
| Family: | Picornaviridae |
| Genus: | Aphthovirus |
| Species: | Aphthovirus vesiculae |
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is avirus in the genusAphthovirus that causesfoot-and-mouth disease.[1] As a member of the familyPicornaviridae, FMDV is a positive-sense, single-strandedRNA virus. Like other members of the picornavirus family, FMDV is small andunenveloped, with an icosahedral capsid.[2]
The virus causes foot-and-mouth disease, a highly contagious disease affectingcattle,pigs,sheep,goats, and othercloven-hoofed animals. Foot-and-mouth disease causes fever and the formation of vesicles (blisters) in infected animals, which form in the mouth and on the feet and teats. While the disease is usually nonfatal to adult livestock, survivors are left in a weakened state which impacts both meat and milk production, making outbreaks very costly and disruptive to agricultural production overall.[3]
The virus particle (25-30 nm) has anicosahedralcapsid made ofprotein, withoutenvelope, containing a positive-sense (mRNA sense) single-strandedribonucleic acid (RNA)genome.
When the virus comes in contact with themembrane of a host cell, it binds to areceptor site and triggers a folding-in of the membrane. Once the virus is inside the host cell, the capsid dissolves, and the RNA gets replicated, and translated into viral proteins by the cell'sribosomes using a cap-independent mechanism driven by theinternal ribosome entry site element.
The synthesis of viral proteins include 2A 'cleavage' during translation. They includeproteases that inhibit the synthesis of normal cell proteins, and other proteins that interact with different components of the host cell. The infected cell ends up producing large quantities of viral RNA and capsid proteins, which are assembled to form new viruses. After assembly, the host celllyses (bursts) and releases the new viruses.[4]
Recombination can occur within host cells during co-infections by different FMDV strains.[5]Recombination is common and a key feature of FMDV evolution.[6]
Foot-and-mouth disease virus occurs in seven majorserotypes: O, A, C, SAT-1, SAT-2, SAT-3, and Asia-1. These serotypes show some regionality, and the O serotype is most common.
Authority control databases: National |
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