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| Long title | An Act authorizing the construction of certain public works on rivers and harbors for flood control, and for other purposes. |
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| Nicknames | Pick-Sloan Flood Control Act of 1944 |
| Enacted by | the78th United States Congress |
| Effective | December 22, 1944 |
| Citations | |
| Public law | Pub. L. 78–534 |
| Statutes at Large | 58 Stat. 887, Chap. 665 |
| Legislative history | |
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The Pick-SloanFlood Control Act of 1944 (P.L. 78–534), enacted in the 2nd session of the78th Congress, isU.S. legislation that authorized the construction of numerous dams and modifications to previously existing dams,[2] as well as levees across the United States. Among its various provisions, it established theSoutheastern Power Administration and theSouthwestern Power Administration, and led to the establishment of thePick-Sloan Missouri Basin Program.
The Pick-Sloan legislation managed the Missouri River with six intents:hydropower, recreation,water supply, navigation, flood control and fish and wildlife. Over 50 dams and lakes have been built due to this legislation, not just on the mainly affected river but also ontributaries and other connected rivers.Nebraska, as an example, has seen more than eight new lakes created due to the damming of the Missouri and tributaries. The Act also recognized the legitimate rights of states, through the Governor, to impact flood control projects. See 33 US section 701-1 which declared it to be the policy of the Congress
to recognize the interests and rights of the States in determining the development of the watersheds within their borders and likewise their interests and rights in water utilization and control.[3]
The Act was signed by PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt on December 22, 1944. It was named for GeneralLewis A. Pick, head of theArmy Corps of Engineers, andW. Glenn Sloan of the Interior Department'sBureau of Reclamation.
TheLakota,Dakota andNakota tribes lost 202,000 acres (820 km2). TheThree Affiliated Tribes, specifically, lost 155,000 acres (630 km2) in theirFort Berthold Reservation due to the building of theGarrison Dam. The project caused more than 1,500 Native Americans to relocate from the river bottoms of the Missouri river due to the flooding.[4]
The project has successfully controlled flooding throughout the Missouri River basin, provided water for irrigation and municipalities, generated baseload power throughout the central US.
However, the Missouri River dumped millions of cubic feet of soil into the Mississippi River every year, which, deposited the silt into the gulf and formed a string of barrier islands. When the silt was eliminated, the island-building stopped. Biologists sounded the alarm in the 1970s. By the 1990s, the barrier islands were almost gone, and Louisiana was left unprotected from storm surges and oil spills.[citation needed]
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