Fisheries science is the academic discipline of managing and understandingfisheries.[1] It is a multidisciplinary science, which draws on the disciplines oflimnology,oceanography,freshwater biology,marine biology,meteorology,conservation,ecology,population dynamics,economics,statistics,decision analysis,management, and many others in an attempt to provide an integrated picture of fisheries.[2][3] In some cases new disciplines have emerged, as in the case ofbioeconomics andfisheries law. Because fisheries science is such an all-encompassing field, fisheries scientists often use methods from a broad array of academic disciplines.[4][5] Over the most recent several decades, there have been declines in fish stocks (populations) in many regions along with increasing concern about the impact of intensive fishing on marine and freshwater biodiversity.[6]
Fisheries science is typically taught in auniversity setting, and can be the focus of anundergraduate,master's orPh.D. program. Some universities offer fully integrated programs in fisheries science. Graduates of university fisheries programs typically find employment as scientists, fisheries managers of both recreational and commercial fisheries, researchers, aquaculturists, educators, environmental consultants and planners, conservation officers, and many others.[7]
Because fisheries take place in a diverse set of aquatic environments (i.e., high seas, coastal areas, large and small rivers, and lakes of all sizes), research requires different sampling equipment, tools, and techniques. For example, studying trout populations inhabiting mountain lakes requires a very different set of sampling tools than, say, studying salmon in the high seas. Ocean fisheriesresearch vessels (FRVs) often require platforms which are capable of towing different types offishing nets, collectingplankton or water samples from a range of depths, and carryingacoustic fish-finding equipment. Fisheries research vessels are often designed and built along the same lines as a largefishing vessel, but with space given over tolaboratories and equipment storage, as opposed to storage of the catch. In addition to a diverse set of sampling gear, fisheries scientists often use scientific techniques from many different professional disciplines.[8]
Other important areas of fisheries research are population dynamics,[9] economics,[10] social studies[11] and genetics.[12]
Members of this list meet one or more of the following criteria: 1) Author of widely cited peer-reviewed articles on fisheries, 2) Author of major reference work in fisheries, 3) Founder of major fisheries journal, museum or other related organisation 4) Person most notable for other reasons who has also worked in fisheries science.
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| Contributor | Nationality | Born | Died | Contribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baird, Spencer F. | American | 1823 | 1887 | Founding scientist of theUnited States Fish Commission.[13] U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries from 1871 to 1887. |
| Baranov, Fedor I. | Russian | 1886 | 1965 | Baranov has been called the grandfather offisheries population dynamics. TheBaranov catch equation of 1918 is perhaps the most used equation in fisheries modelling.[14] |
| Beverton, Ray | English | 1922 | 1985 | Fisheries biologist known for theBeverton–Holt model (withSidney Holt), credited with being one of the founders of fisheries science[15] |
| Christensen, Villy | Danish | - | Fisheries scientist andecosystem modeller, known for his work on the development ofEcopath | |
| Cobb, John N. | American | 1868 | 1930 | Founder of the first college of fisheries in the United States, the University of Washington College of Fisheries, in 1919 |
| Cooke, Steven J. | Canadian | 1974 | Academic known for contributions to recreational fisheries science, inland fisheries andConservation Physiology | |
| Cushing, David | English | 1920 | 2008 | Fisheries biologist, who is credited with the development of thematch/mismatch hypothesis |
| Everhart, W. Harry | American | 1918 | 1994 | Fisheries scientist, educator, administrator and author of several widely used fisheries texts[16] |
| Froese, Rainer | German | 1950 | - | Known for his work on the development and coordination ofFishBase |
| Goode, G. Brown | American | 1851 | 1896 | Ichthyologist who organized and administered the biological and fishery development research of theUnited States Fish Commission and ordered and developed thetaxonomic and ichthyologic work of both the Fish Commission and the Smithsonian Institution. U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries from 1887 to 1888.[17] |
| Graham, Michael | English | 1889 | 1972 | Known for hisGreat Law of Fishing, that “Fisheries that are unlimited become unprofitable.” |
| Green, Seth | American | 1817 | 1888 | Pioneer in fish farming who established the firstfish hatchery in the United States |
| Gunter, Gordon | American | 1909 | 1998 | Pioneer in fisheries research in the northernGulf of Mexico |
| Halver, John | American | 1922 | 2012 | His pioneering work on the nutritional needs of fish led to modern methods offish farming andfish feed production. He has been called the father of fish nutrition.[18][19] |
| Hempel, Gotthilf | German | 1929 | - | Marine biologist and oceanographer, and co-founder of theAlfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research |
| Herwig, Walther | German | 1838 | 1912 | Lawyer and promoter ofhigh seas fishing and research |
| Chaudhuri, Hiralal | Indian | 1921 | 2014 | Father of induced breeding of theCarp and also the pioneer ofBlue revolution.[20] Fisheries biologist with strong contributions infisheries management. |
| Hilborn, Ray | Canadian | 1947 | - | Fisheries biologist with strong contributions infisheries management |
| Hjort, Johan | Norwegian | 1869 | 1948 | Known for research to determine why northern European fish populations fluctuate in abundance[21] |
| Hofer, Bruno | German | 1861 | 1916 | Fishery scientist credited with being the founder offish pathology |
| Holt, Sidney | English | 1926 | 2019 | Fisheries biologist known for theBeverton–Holt model (withRay Beverton), credited with being one of the founders of fisheries science |
| Kils, Uwe | German | - | Marine biologist specializing inplanktology. Inventor of theecoSCOPE | |
| Kyle, H. M. | Scottish | 1872 | 1951 | Ichthyologist specializing in fisheries science and one of the earliest identifiers of the concept ofoverfishing[22] |
| Lackey, Robert T. | Canadian | 1944 | - | Fisheries scientist andpolitical scientist known for his work involving the role of science in policy making[23] |
| Larkin, Peter A. | Canadian | 1924 | 1996 | Fisheries scientist known for his critical remarks on the concept ofMSY |
| Lee, Rosa M. | Welsh | 1884 | 1976 | One of the first UK women employed as a fisheries scientist. Known for "Rosa Lee's phenomenon," in which size-selective fishing mortality reduces the average size of older age classes[24] |
| Lubchenco, Jane | American | 1947 | Known for both her academic research in fisheries and related fields as well as policies implemented during her time as head of the U.S.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | |
| Margolis, Leo | Canadian | 1927 | 1997 | Parasitologist and head of the Pacific Biological Station inNanaimo, British Columbia |
| McDonald, Marshall | American | 1835 | 1895 | Fisheries scientist andfish culturist who invented thefish ladder and of a number of fish-hatching apparatuses. U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries from 1888 to 1895. |
| McKay, R. J. | Australian | Biologist and a specialist in translocated freshwater fishes | ||
| Murphy, Garth I. | American | 1922 | 2001 | Fisheries oceanographer known for his work on the dynamics of Pacific sardine and on the importance of a broad age structure as a bed-hedging strategy in variable environments. |
| Myers, Ransom A. | Canadian | 1952 | 2007 | Fisheries biologist best known for his work assessing the status of ocean fish populations[25] |
| Pauly, Daniel | French / Canadian | 1946 | Prominent fisheries scientist, known for his work studying human impacts on global fisheries | |
| Pitcher, Tony J. | - | Known for work on the impacts of fishing, management appraisals and theshoaling behavior of fish | ||
| Rice, Michael A. | American | 1955 | - | Known for work on molluscan fisheries |
| Ricker, Bill | Canadian | 1908 | 2001 | Fisheries biologist, known for theRicker model, credited with being one of the founders of fisheries science |
| Ricketts, Ed | American | 1897 | 1948 | A colourful marine biologist and philosopher who introducedecology to fisheries science.[26] |
| Roberts, Callum | - | Marine conservation biologist, known for his work on the role marine reserves play in protecting marine ecosystems | ||
| Rosenthal, Harald | German | 1937 | - | Hydrobiologist known for his work infish farming and ecology |
| Safina, Carl | American | 1955 | - | Author of several writings on marine ecology and the ocean |
| Sars, Georg Ossian | Norwegian | 1837 | 1927 | Marine biologist credited with the discovery of a number of new species and known for his analysis ofcod fisheries |
| Schaefer, Milner Baily | American | 1912 | 1970 | Notable for work on thepopulation dynamics of fisheries |
| Schreck, Carl | American | 1944 | - | Fisheries scientist andendocrinologist known for his research onPacific salmon |
| Schweder, Tore | Norwegian | 1943 | - | Statistician whose work includes the assessment of marine resources |
| Sette, Oscar Elton | American | 1900 | 1972 | Pioneered the integration of fisheriesbiology withoceanography andmeteorology to create fisheries oceanography and modern fisheries science. |
| Shimada, Bell M. | American | 1922 | 1958 | Notable for study oftuna stocks in the equatorialPacific Ocean. |
| Smith, Hugh M. | American | 1865 | 1941 | Ichthyologist who directed theUnited States Fish Commission's scientific research from 1897 to 1903 and served as its deputy commissioner from 1903 to 1913. U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries from 1913 to 1922. First director general ofThailand′s Department of Fisheries. |
| Sumaila, Ussif Rashid | Nigerian | - | Notable for his analysis of the economic aspects of fisheries | |
| Suttkus, Royal D. | American | 1920 | 2009 | Founder of the Royal D. Suttkus Fish Collection, housed atTulane University |
| Utter, Fred M. | American | 1931 | - | Characterised byNOAA as the founding father of fishery genetics, he has been influential in marine conservation[27] |
| von Bertalanffy, Ludwig | Austrian | 1901 | 1972 | In fisheries, best known for thevon Bertalanffy function[28] |
| Walters, Carl | American | 1944 | - | Biologist known for his work involving fisheries stock assessments, theadaptive management concept, andecosystem modeling |
Somejournals about fisheries are
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