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| Company type | Public |
|---|---|
| Industry | |
| Predecessors | |
| Founded | 12 October 2014; 10 years ago (2014-10-12) |
| Defunct | 16 January 2021; 4 years ago (2021-01-16) |
| Fate | Merged with thePSA Group to form a new company calledStellantis |
| Successor | Stellantis |
| Headquarters | Amsterdam, Netherlands (Legal office) London, United Kingdom (Fiscal office) |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people | John Elkann (chairman) Mike Manley (CEO)[1] |
| Revenue |  €108 billion (2019)[2] |
 €4 billion (2019)[2] | |
| €6.6 billion (2019)[2] | |
| Total assets | €96.87 billion (2018)[2] |
| Total equity | €24.90 billion (2018)[2] |
| Owners |
|
Number of employees | 198,545 (2018)[2] |
| Subsidiaries | Companies[4]
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| Website | fcagroup.com at theWayback Machine (archived 16 March 2020) |
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. (FCA), now part ofStellantis, was an Italian-Americanmultinational corporation primarily known as a manufacturer ofautomobiles,commercial vehicles,auto parts and production systems. The corporation was established by January 2012, whenFiat acquired a 58.5% stake of theChrysler Group (which from 1998 to 2007 was part ofDaimlerChrysler) and thus became, at that time, the7th largest automaker (behindToyota,General Motors,Volkswagen,Hyundai,Ford andNissan). Its corporate headquarters were domiciled inAmsterdam and its financial headquarters were inLondon. The holding company was listed on theNew York Stock Exchange and Milan'sBorsa Italiana.[5]Exor, an Italian investment group controlled by theAgnelli family, owned 29% of FCA and controlled 44% through a loyalty voting mechanism,[6] the largest block of shares.
FCA's mass-market brands operated through two main subsidiaries:FCA Italy (previously Fiat) with headquarters inTurin, andFCA US (previously Chrysler) inAuburn Hills, Michigan. The company's portfolio included brandsAbarth,Alfa Romeo,Chrysler,Dodge,Fiat,Fiat Professional,Jeep,Lancia,Maserati, andRam Trucks.Ferrari was spun off in 2016.[7] FCA operated in four global markets (NAFTA,LATAM,APAC,EMEA).[8]
Starting in late 2019, FCA merged with thePSA Group (owner of thePeugeot andCitroën brands among others) on a 50-50 all-stock basis[9] in a $50 billion merger.[10][11] In 2020, the company announced its new name, Stellantis.[12] In January 2021, the merger was complete with FCA resulting as the surviving entity and changed its name to Stellantis.
FCA also owned industrial subsidiariesComau,Mopar,Teksid andVM Motori.[13]
The executive management of the company was split between Michigan and Italy.[14] The other operating activities of the new group remained unchanged, with manufacturing, design, and engineering facilities remaining in Turin, Michigan, and other locations worldwide.
Executive members of the FCA Board of Directors as of March 2019 wereJohn Elkann (chairman) andMike Manley (Chief Executive Officer), with non-executive directors Ronald L. Thompson, John Abbott,Andrea Agnelli, Tiberto Brandolini d'Adda, Glenn Earle, Valerie A. Mars,Ruth J. Simmons,Michelangelo A. Volpi,Patience Wheatcroft, and Ermenegildo Zegna, CEO ofErmenegildo Zegna.[15]
FCA carried out its mass-market automotive operations through two main subsidiaries: FCA Italy (previouslyFiat Group Automobiles)[16] and FCA US (previouslyChrysler Group).[17] The company announced both name changes in December 2014.
FCA Italy included the Italy-based brandsAbarth,Alfa Romeo,Fiat,Fiat Professional,Lancia, and the engine manufacturing subsidiaryVM Motori.[18]
FCA US included the US-based brandsChrysler,Dodge,Jeep, andRam, plus theMopar service and parts organization.
Other companies included firms working on production automation (Comau) and a metal foundry (Teksid, 84.8% share). Other joint ventures and subsidiaries are undertaken via the FCA Italy and FCA US companies.
In early 2019, FCA sold auto-parts makerMagneti Marelli for €6.2 billion toCalsonic Kansei, a Japan-based company owned by American buyout firmKKR.
The integration between Fiat and Chrysler dates back to 2009, after Chrysler filed forChapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization on 30 April 2009. On 10 June 2009, Chrysler emerged from the bankruptcy proceedings with the United Auto Workers pension fund, Fiat, and the US and Canadian governments as principal owners. Fiat's initial purchase was a 20% stake; by January 2012, it grew to 58.5%. On 21 January 2014,Fiat completed the acquisition of the remaining 41.5% from the United Auto Workers, making Chrysler Group a wholly owned subsidiary. The total cost of acquisition wasUS$4.9 billion with an additional US$5.5 billion in pension liability.[19]
Fiat S.p.A. and Chrysler Group LLC merged into FCA on 12 October 2014 following approvals of the board on 15 June 2014 and shareholders on 1 August 2014.[20] On 13 October 2014, Fiat Chrysler began trading on the NYSE under the ticker symbol "FCAU".
On 15 December 2014 the Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A. subsidiary was renamed to FCA Italy S.p.A., and Chrysler Group LLC was renamed to FCA NA LLC, following the reorganization into FCA; the name changes were announced to the press the following day.[21][22]
Maserati andFerrari were not put under the control of FCA Italy. Maserati was a separate subsidiary of FCS,[23] whereas Ferrari split from FCA in 2015.[24]
On 6 May 2014, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles announced its 5-year business plan.[25] The company expected that sales would increase to 7 million units, revenues to €132 billion, net income to €5 billion, and industrial debt would peak at €11 billion in 2015, and then reduce to €0.5-1 billion by end of 2018.[26] The Group updated its business plan targets in January 2016 at the time it announced FY 2015.
Much of the global growth was focused aroundJeep due to its high visibility globally as well as the growing worldwideSUV market.Chrysler would be re-positioned as the company's mainstream North American brand to compete with Ford, Chevrolet, Toyota, and Volkswagen, whileDodge would focus on performance-based vehicles.Alfa Romeo would become the company's premium marque to compete with BMW, Lexus, and Audi, whileMaserati would be the company's ultra-luxury brand to compete with Mercedes-Benz, Bentley, Jaguar, Aston Martin, and Rolls-Royce.Fiat (which would remain the company's mainstream brand outside of North America) andRam Trucks would remain largely unchanged whileSRT was merged back into Dodge.[27] Conspicuously absent in the announcement wasLancia, which was later confirmed to be withdrawing from all markets outside Italy.[28]
In 2014,Alfa Romeo launched the4C and 4C Spider in North America. In 2015, the company announced theGiulia and in 2016 it added an SUV,Stelvio. It dropped the 4C from the lineup in 2019. FCA announced a mid-cycle refresh for both the Giulia and Stelvio for production year 2021.[29]
In 2014,Chrysler released a refreshed300/300C. In 2016, the brand launched thePacifica as the successor to theTown & Country.
The first announcement was that theSRT brand was to rejoinDodge. In 2015, a refreshedCharger andChallenger (with equivalent SRT versions) launched. The company also introduced SRT Hellcat versions of the Charger and Challenger.[30][31] FCA also announced that 2014 would be the last model year for theDodge Avenger. In 2018 with a refreshedDodge Durango launched along with (an SRT version). In 2018, it launched aChallenger (and SRT version) andCharger (and SRT version) models.
In April 2017, Dodge introduced the 2018Dodge Demon. It had a 6.2L V8 HEMI mated to a 2.7L supercharger, which produced 840 horsepower and 770 lb-ft of torque at the crank—and made the Dodge Demon the world's quickest production vehicle at the time. The Demon's excessive torque caused the front axle to lift off of the ground during launch. It was also equipped with many other industry-first features including aTransbrake, launch control systems, 5-point harness occupant restraints, and an HVAC system that produces additional horsepower by further cooling intake air.[25]
In 2015,Fiat launched the newFiat 500X (produced in Melfi, Italy) and theFiat Egea (produced in Turkey by JV partner Tofas and sold in Europe under the Fiat Tipo nameplate andMexico as theDodge Neon).[25]
Lancia is a historic brand of Italian luxury and performance cars. With the discontinuation of the Lancia-badgedChrysler 300 andVoyager in the European market in 2015, theYpsilon is the only model currently in production and is marketed solely in Italy.
In 2014, theMaserati GranTurismo andGranCabrio were believed to be the end of the nameplate. In 2016, the company launched the newMaserati Levante SUV. In 2018, it added a newGranTurismo with a 560-horsepower V8 and rear-wheel drive. Between 2014 and 2018, the top-of-the-line Maserati Quattroporte GTS received a 560-horsepower V8 with an all-wheel drive to replace the 523-horsepower V8 with rear-wheel drive in the GTS model. The top-of-the-line Ghiblis and Levantes received the same setup as the Quattroporte. In 2020, the company added theMaserati Alfieri. The car was scheduled for release in 2016 but was postponed to allow the Levante in 2016. In 2021, a convertible variant of the Alfieri is expected. The top-of-the-line Alfieri will receive a 520-horsepower V6 with all-wheel drive.[25]
In 2014, FCA launched theJeep Renegade. After a long absenceJeep returned to Malaysia, whereDRB-Hicom distributes the brand's vehicles.[32] In 2015, FCA refreshed theJeep Grand Cherokee with celebritiesFan Bingbing,Tina Fey,Sandra Bullock,Julia Roberts, andCate Blanchett promoted as brand ambassadors.Jeep marked its 75th anniversary in 2016. TheJeep Compass andJeep Patriot appeared in their last model year while a refreshedJeep Cherokee was released. In 2017, FCA refreshed the Jeep Renegade followed by the updatedJeep Wrangler andGrand Cherokee in 2018. In 2021, FCA launched a luxuryGrand Wagoneer to compete with the likes of Mercedes-Benz G-Class andRange Rover,Cadillac Escalade, andLincoln Navigator.[33] Jeep also launched the Wagoneer to compete with the likes of theFord Expedition,Chevrolet Suburban, andGMC Yukon.
In 2014, Ram launched theProMaster van and the smallerProMaster City, derived from theFiat Ducato andDoblò respectively.[25] In 2017, the division launched a new Ram 1500 and a refreshed commercial light-duty truck. It followed in 2018 with a new Ram HD, commercial heavy-duty truck, and Ram chassis cab.[25]
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV chief executiveSergio Marchionne and Dennis Williams, President of theUnited Auto Workers (UAW), entered into contract negotiations on 14 July 2015. As negotiations between the UAW and US automakers began, Marchionne leaned in to embrace Williams in a hug seen "round the world," shocking some union members.[34] When Marchionne made the announcement on 8 January 2017 of plans to add 2,000 jobs and invest $1 billion in plants by 2020, Marchionne credited the decision to the negotiations with Williams that began in 2015.[35][36]
On 13 January 2017, the company came under investigation by theUS Justice Department due to allegedly failing to disclose software that violated emissions standards and allowed vehicles to exceed pollution limits.[37] On 23 May 2017, the Justice Department filed a civil lawsuit alleging that FCA "used a 'defeat device' to circumvent emission controls" in more than 100,000 vehicles between 2014 and 2016.[38]
On 29 October 2014, the group announced the intention to separateFerrari S.p.A. from FCA. The transaction completed on 3 January 2016.[39] In January 2016,Ferrari became a separate investment of Exor, siding with FCA andCNH, after FCA listed 10% of the company on the NYSE in October 2015 and distributed its remaining 80% stake in Ferrari to FCA shareholders. Ferrari now trades on the NYSE under the ticker symbol "RACE".[7]
FCA also operated inprint media andadvertising through its Italiana Editrice subsidiary (publisher of the ItalianLa Stampa andIl Secolo XIX newspapers) and interest inRCS Media Group.
In March 2017, FCA was a stakeholder in the creation of Italy's largest media groupGEDI Gruppo Editoriale, created by the merger ofGruppo Editoriale L'Espresso publishingL'espresso andLa Repubblica with Italiana Editrice (ITEDI), of which FCA held 77% of the shares and which publishes the Torino dailyLa Stampa andIl Secolo XIX. Subsequently, FCA divested from publishing by distributing its shares to its own shareholders, again mainly Exor, so to concentrate on the automobile business. Exor sold its shares in GEDI immediately after receiving them.
On 21 July 2018, FCA suddenly replaced chief executive Marchionne in all of his positions at FCA, Ferrari, SGS, and CNH following emergency meetings of each respective company'sboard of directors.[40][41][42] Marchionne last appeared in public on 26 June where he appeared quite lethargic and fatigued. FCA stated on 5 July that he had taken medical leave to undergo surgery to his right shoulder and on the day of his replacement stated that he would not be able to return to work due to post-surgical complications.[43] It was later reported that his health had deteriorated "suddenly and sharply"[44][45] and that Marchionne had lapsed into acoma.[46][47][48][49][50] Sergio Marchionne died on 25 July 2018, aged 66.[51][52]
In July 2018, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV's European chief Alfredo Altavilla resigned after being passed over to replace Marchionne.[53]
In January 2019, Fiat Chrysler agreed to pay $800 million to settle lawsuits related to diesel emissions[54] after the company was found to have installed software to produce false results on diesel emissions tests. In July 2020, authorities from Germany, Italy and Switzerland raided the offices of Fiat-Chrysler Automobiles as part of the investigation over the use of defeat devices in emissions testing.[55] Additionally Fiat-Chrysler is facing a £5 billionclass-action lawsuit in the United Kingdom in relation to allegations of diesel emissions manipulation in selectAlfa Romeo,Fiat,Iveco, andJeep models.[56]
In February 2019, Fiat Chrysler announced plans to invest $4.5 billion in manufacturing in Michigan.[57] The plant is estimated to create nearly 6,500 jobs. Plans include $1.6 billion to build a Jeep factory in Detroit.[58]
In May 2019, Fiat Chrysler proposed merging its business withRenault[59] but it was later withdrawn.[60]
In March 2020, the DetroitUnited Auto Workers union announced that after discussion with the leaders ofGeneral Motors,Ford, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, the carmakers would partially shut down factories on a "rotating" basis to mitigate theCOVID-19 pandemic.[61] In April 2020, the company released several advertisements designed to discourage people from using their products during the pandemic.[62]
On 31 October 2019, FCA announced its intent to merge with the French automakerPSA Group. The merger would be on a 50-50 all-stock basis.[9] On 18 December 2019, FCA and PSA announced that they had agreed to the binding terms for the $50 billion merger.[10][11] On 15 July 2020, both companies announced that the corporate name of the new group would beStellantis.[63] The new group will be incorporated in the Netherlands withCarlos Tavares asCEO.[64] On 4 January 2021, both shareholders of FCA and PSA approved the merger and it ceased operation on 16 January 2021.[65][66][67]
The FCA logo, which comprises stylised blue letters resembling FCA, was created by the Italian branding company Robilant Associati,[68][69] ending the use of the Fiat S.p.A. logo and Chrysler Pentastar logo for group branding.[70]
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