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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name Bromoethane[2] | |||
| Other names | |||
| Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol) | |||
| 1209224 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.751 | ||
| EC Number |
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| KEGG |
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| MeSH | bromoethane | ||
| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1891 | ||
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| Properties | |||
| C2H5Br | |||
| Molar mass | 108.966 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless liquid | ||
| Odor | ether-like | ||
| Density | 1.46 g mL−1 | ||
| Melting point | −120 to −116 °C; −184 to −177 °F; 153 to 157 K | ||
| Boiling point | 38.0 to 38.8 °C; 100.3 to 101.8 °F; 311.1 to 311.9 K | ||
| 1.067 g/100 mL (0 °C) 0.914 g/100 mL (20 °C) 0.896 g/100 mL (30 °C) | |||
| Solubility | miscible withethanol,ether,chloroform, organic solvents | ||
| logP | 1.809 | ||
| Vapor pressure | 51.97 kPa (at 20 °C) | ||
Henry's law constant (kH) | 1.3 μmol Pa−1 kg−1 | ||
| −54.70·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Refractive index (nD) | 1.4225 | ||
| Viscosity | 402 Pa.s (at 20 °C) | ||
| Thermochemistry | |||
| 105.8 J K−1 mol−1 | |||
Std enthalpy of formation(ΔfH⦵298) | −97.6–93.4 kJ mol−1 | ||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling: | |||
   | |||
| Danger | |||
| H225,H302,H332,H351 | |||
| P210,P281 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | −23 °C (−9 °F; 250 K) | ||
| 511 °C (952 °F; 784 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 6.75–11.25% | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) | 1.35 g kg−1(oral, rat) | ||
LC50 (median concentration) | 26,980 ppm (rat, 1 hr) 16,230 ppm (mouse, 1 hr) 4681 ppm (rat) 2723 ppm (mouse)[3] | ||
LCLo (lowest published) | 3500 ppm (mouse) 24,000 ppm (guinea pig, 30 min) 7000 ppm (guinea pig, >4.5 hr)[3] | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) | TWA 200 ppm (890 mg/m3)[1] | ||
REL (Recommended) | None established[1] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) | 2000 ppm[1] | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related alkanes | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
Bromoethane, also known asethyl bromide, is achemical compound of thehaloalkanes group. It is abbreviated by chemists as EtBr (which is also used as an abbreviation forethidium bromide). This volatile compound has an ether-like odor.
The preparation of EtBr stands as a model for the synthesis of bromoalkanes in general. It is usually prepared by the addition ofhydrogen bromide toethene:
Bromoethane is inexpensive and would rarely be prepared in the laboratory. A laboratory synthesis includes reactingethanol with a mixture ofhydrobromic andsulfuric acids. An alternate route involves refluxing ethanol withphosphorus andbromine;phosphorus tribromide is generatedin situ.[4]
Inorganic synthesis, EtBr is the synthetic equivalent of the ethylcarbocation (Et+)synthon.[5] In reality, such a cation is not actually formed. For example, carboxylates salts are converted to ethylesters,[6]carbanions to ethylated derivatives, thiourea into ethylisothiouronium salts,[7] andamines into ethylamines.[8]
Short chain monohalocarbons in general are potentially dangerousalkylating agents. Bromides are better alkylating agents than chlorides, thus exposure to them should be minimized.
