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| Emperor Tianzuo of Liao 遼天祚帝 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emperor of theLiao dynasty | |||||||||
| Reign | 12 February 1101 – 26 March 1125 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Emperor Daozong | ||||||||
| Successor | Dynasty abolished (Yelü Dashi asEmperor of theWestern Liao dynasty) | ||||||||
| Born | Yelü Yanxi Aguo (infant name) 5 June 1075 | ||||||||
| Died | 1128[1] (aged 53)/1156[2] (aged 81) | ||||||||
| Spouse | Xiao Duolilan | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| House | Yelü | ||||||||
| Dynasty | Liao | ||||||||
| Father | Yelu Jun | ||||||||
| Mother | Lady Xiao | ||||||||
| Emperor Tianzuo of Liao | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 遼天祚帝 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 辽天祚帝 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Aguo(infant name) | |||||||
| Chinese | 阿果 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Yelü Yanxi(sinicised name) | |||||||
| Chinese | 耶律延禧 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Yanning(courtesy name) | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 延寧 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 延宁 | ||||||
| |||||||
Emperor Tianzuo of Liao (5 June 1075 – 1128 or 1156), personal nameYelü Yanxi,courtesy nameYanning, was the ninth and lastemperor of theKhitan-ledLiao dynasty of China. He succeeded his grandfather,Emperor Daozong, in 1101 and reigned until the fall of the Liao dynasty in 1125.
During the reign of Emperor Tianzuo, theJurchen tribes led byWanyan Aguda established theJin dynasty in 1115. Aguda formed theAlliance Conducted at Sea with theHan-ledNorthern Song dynasty against the Liao dynasty, and began to establish authority over former Liao territory inOuter Mongolia. Emperor Tianzuo, however, proved incompetent in dealing with the Jin threat, and in 1115 a coup was attempted by Liao generals to install his uncle Yelü Chun to the throne but was thwarted. Jin troops advanced fromManchuria in 1117, and captured the Liao supreme capital in 1120, then its central capital in 1122.[3]
Another coup was attempted in 1121 to install Emperor Tianzuo's son, the Prince of Jin, on the throne, but was again thwarted. The prince was executed, and most of the coup participants defected to the Jin dynasty.[4] In 1122, Emperor Tianzuo fled fromNanjing (present-dayBeijing) to the western regions. His uncle Yelü Chun then founded the short-livedNorthern Liao dynasty in Nanjing, but died soon afterwards, and Nanjing was conquered by the Jin dynasty at the end of 1122 or in early 1123.
After the end of the Northern Liao dynasty, the generalYelü Dashi rejoined Emperor Tianzuo. In 1123, Jin troops captured Emperor Tianzuo's palace at Qingzhong (south of present-dayHohhot), capturing members of his family. Emperor Tianzuo fled to theWestern Xia and sought refuge there. Later, Emperor Tianzuo expressed his intention to attack the Jin dynasty, but Yelü Dashi withheld his support, considering it folly as the Jin dynasty was too militarily powerful. In 1124, Yelü Dashi fled to the west with a band of his followers, and established theWestern Liao dynasty. In 1125, Emperor Tianzuo was captured by the Jin dynasty, thereby marking the collapse of the Liao dynasty.[5]
In 1156, in an act of humiliation, the Jin emperor who at the time was thePrince of Hailing ordered him and the formerEmperor Qinzong of Song to compete in a match ofpolo.Emperor Qinzong was weak and frail, and thus quickly fell off the horse. Yelü Yanxi was more familiar with horse riding, and tried to escape, but was shot to death by Jurchen archers.
Consort and issue(s):
Emperor Tianzuo of Liao House of Yelü (916–1125) Born: 1075 Died: 1128 or 1156 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Emperor of the Liao dynasty 1101–1125 | Succeeded byas Emperor ofWestern Liao dynasty |
| Emperor of Northern China 1101–1125 | Succeeded by | |
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