| Coat of Arms of the Republic of China | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Armiger | The Republic of China |
| Adopted | December 17, 1928; 96 years ago (1928-12-17) (Nationalist government) October 25, 1945; 79 years ago (1945-10-25) (Taiwan) |
| Relinquished | October 1, 1949; 75 years ago (1949-10-01) (Mainland China) |
| Shield | Upon a circular escutcheon azure, a sun in splendor argent, its disk of diameter one-third the breadth of the escutcheon, encompassed by an annulet of the field one-fifteenth the sun's diameter, from which issue twelve rays in acute angles of thirty degrees, four rays in cross pointing to the cardinal quarters with eight intermediate rays equally spaced, all rays reaching to a distance from the escutcheon's edge equal to the sun's radius. |
| Use | 1928–1949 (Mainland China) 1945–present (Taiwan) |
| Party Emblem of the Kuomintang | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Armiger | Kuomintang |
 Naval Jack, Party Flag | |
| "Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag (青天白日旗) | |
| Use | Kuomintang party flag and the ROC naval jack |
|---|---|
| Proportion | 2:3 |
| Adopted | 1895; 130 years ago (1895) |
| Design | A white sun withtwelve rays on blue background. |
| Designed by | Lu Haodong |
| Alternate dark blue version for the "Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag | |
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TheBlue Sky with a White Sun (Chinese:青天白日;pinyin:Qīngtiān Báirì) is the national emblem of theRepublic of China, both during its history inmainland China and onTaiwan.
In the "Blue Sky with a White Sun" symbol, thetwelve rays of the whiteSun representing the twelvemonths and the twelve traditionalChinese hours (時辰;shíchen), each of which corresponds to two modern hours and symbolizes the spirit of progress.[citation needed]
The national emblem of the Republic of China is officially described in theNational Emblem and National Flag of the Republic of China Act:[1]
The national emblem of the Republic of China is a blue sky with a white sun in the following form:
- A blue circle.
- A white sun in the middle, with 12 white rays with pointed angles.
- There is a blue ring between the white sun and the white rays with pointed angles.
The position, angle and ratio of each subparagraph of the previous article are as follows:
- The center of the blue background circle is the center of the white sun.
- The ratio of the radius of the white sun to the radius of the surrounding blue circle is 1:3.
- The length from the center of the white sun to the top of a white ray with a pointed angle is twice the length of the radius of the white sun.
- The width of the blue ring between the white sun and the 12 white rays with pointed angles is equivalent to 1/15 of the diameter of the white sun.
- The top angle of each white ray with a pointed angle is 30 degrees, with the 12 rays totaling 360 degrees.
- The upper, lower, left and right sides of the white rays with pointed angles shall be facing north, south, east and west. The rest shall be evenly spread out.
| National Emblem of the Republic of China | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 中華民國國徽 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 中华民国国徽 | ||||||||
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The "Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag was originally designed byLu Hao-tung, a martyr of theRepublican revolution. He presented his design to represent the revolutionary army at the inauguration of theSociety for Regenerating China, an anti-Qing society inHong Kong, on February 21, 1895.[2]
During theWuchang Uprising in 1911 that heralded the Republic of China, the various revolutionary armies had different flags. Lu Hao-tung's "Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag was used in the southern provinces ofGuangdong,Guangxi,Yunnan, andGuizhou, while the "18-Star Flag", "Five-Colored Flag", and other designs were used elsewhere.[citation needed]
When the government of the Republic of China was established on January 1, 1912, the "Five-Colored" flag was adopted as the national flag, but Sun Yat-sen did not consider its design appropriate, reasoning that horizontal order implied a hierarchy or class like that which existed during dynastic times. Thus, when he established a rival government inGuangzhou in 1917, he brought over the "Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag for the party and the "Blue Sky, White Sun, and a Wholly Red Earth" (青天白日滿地紅) flag, which was then the naval ensign, for the nation. This officially became thenational flag in 1928 while the "Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag was adopted as the naval jack.[citation needed]
The "Blue Sky, White Sun, and a Wholly Red Earth" flag has remained theflag of the Republic of China to this day.[citation needed]
The national emblem of the Republic of China was derived from the Blue Sky with a White Sun flag. The emblem was designed byHe Yingqin atWhampoa Military Academy in 1924 and was set as the national emblem by theLaw of national flag and national emblem of the Republic of China in 1928.
On the national emblem rays of sun have some distance to the edge, symbolizing the broadness of the sky, while onKuomintang emblem the rays reach the edge, symbolizing the spirit of revolution is as powerful as the sun.
The national emblem of the Republic of China from 1913 to 1928 is calledTwelve Symbols national emblem, based on the traditional symbols on clothes of ancient Chinese emperors. It was designed byLu Xun,Qian Daosun andXu Shoushang on August 28, 1912, and was set as national emblem in February 1913. It remained as the national emblem during the Empire of China from 1915 to 1916. After theNorthern Expedition it was replaced by the Blue Sky with a White Sun national emblem in 1928.[citation needed]
Since 1928, under the KMT's political tutelage, the Blue Sky with a White Sun Flag shared the same prominence as the ROC flag. A common wall display consisted of the KMT flag perched on the left and the ROC flag perched on the right, each tilted at an angle with a portrait ofFounding Father Sun Yat-sen displayed in the center. After the promulgation of theConstitution of the Republic of China, the party flag was removed from such a display and the national flag was moved to the center.To promote a sense of national identity, the design of the national emblem was freely available to use and was featured prominently in corporate logos, art during the era.
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![Roundel of Eurasia Aviation Corporation, a defunct Chinese airline headquartered in Shanghai. [3][4][5][6]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aRoundel_of_the_Republic_of_China_(1930%25E2%2580%25931943)_%25E2%2580%2593_Eurasia_Aviation_Corporation.svg)
Since the ROC government moved to Taiwan and especially in the years since the end ofmartial law the KMT flag has lost some of its prominence. However, it is still frequently seen on KMT party buildings, in political rallies and other meetings of KMT and thepan-blue coalition.
The flag and the symbol made news during theROC legislative elections of 2004, when President Chen Shui-bian suggested that the Kuomintang's flag and party emblem violated the ROC's National Emblem Law for being too similar to the national emblem of the Republic of China. Chen stated that the law forbids the ROC's emblem and flag from being used by non-governmental organizations and warned that the KMT would have three months to change its flag and emblem if his Democratic Progressive Party won a majority of seats in the legislature. The KMT responded by asking the government to change the national emblem, saying the KMT emblem existed first. However, thepan-green coalition failed to win a majority, and Chen took no action for the remainder of his presidency.[citation needed]
On 29 January 2021, the Legislative Yuan passed a resolution proposed by theNew Power Party on 29 January instructing the Ministry of the Interior (MOI) to look into ways of addressing the issue of the similarity between the national emblem, in use since 1928 for all of China, and the KMT party flag.[7] The MOI responded that through their analysis of the current situation, the change "should not be taken lightly," though suggesting that symbols of political parties could be changed.[8]
The design of "Blue Sky with a White Sun" was used in the unit insignia or coats of arms of some units of theUnited States Army that fought inWorld War II. The most famous unit wasMerrill's Marauders (officially named the "5307th Composite Unit (Provisional)"), which has the "Blue Sky with a White Sun" as part of its badge. The usage by US troops was a result of cooperation between US andChinese Expeditionary Force in theChina Burma India Theater. Postwar US military units stationed inTaiwan, including theUnited States Taiwan Defense Command (USTDC) and theMilitary Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG), also used the design in their badges.
The "Blue Sky with a White Sun" can still be seen in the emblem of theUS Army75th Ranger Regiment.
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Taiwan's earliest emblems were used by European colonialists.
In 1895, Taiwan was annexed byJapan.[9] The emblem was worn as an official clothing of the Governor's Office in Taiwan which featured a Daijishō with a Sycamore leaf and chrysanthemum branch in a brown circle.[10]
After theend of Japanese period, Taiwan wastransferred to theRepublic of China which adopted the Blue Sky with a White Sun emblem. This symbol remains in use to this day in Taiwan and by the Kuomintang.
After thePeople's Republic of China became an IOC member, the ROC was forced to use the nameChinese Taipei for its competitions. The crest of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee includes symbols of the Olympic Committee and the Chinese Taipei team. At the periphery is a stylizedplum blossom that symbolizes theNational Flower of the Republic of China. The center of the emblem contains theOlympic rings and the Blue Sky with a White Sun (the proportion of the blue field is between that of theNational Emblem of the Republic of China and the Party Emblem of theKuomintang).[11] The Olympic flag of Chinese Taipei depicts the emblem on a white field.[citation needed]
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Notes: Acting leadersitalicised ; By-elections denoted with (b) | ||
