Elk City, Oklahoma | |
|---|---|
 Logo | |
 Location inBeckham County andOklahoma | |
| Coordinates:35°23′10″N99°25′48″W / 35.38611°N 99.43000°W /35.38611; -99.43000 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Oklahoma |
| County | Beckham |
| Founded | 1901 |
| Area | |
• Total | 16.15 sq mi (41.84 km2) |
| • Land | 15.93 sq mi (41.26 km2) |
| • Water | 0.22 sq mi (0.58 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,936 ft (590 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 11,561 |
| • Density | 725.78/sq mi (280.22/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 73644, 73648 |
| Area code | 580 |
| FIPS code | 40-23500[3] |
| GNIS feature ID | 2410424[2] |
| Website | elkcity.com |
Elk City is a city inBeckham County,Oklahoma, United States. The population was 11,561 at the time of the2020 census,[4] a slight decrease from the 11,693 figure of the2010 census.[5] Elk City is located onInterstate 40 andHistoric U.S. Route 66 in western Oklahoma, approximately 110 miles (180 km) west ofOklahoma City and 150 miles (240 km) east ofAmarillo, Texas.
In 1541,Francisco Vásquez de Coronado became the first knownEuropean to pass through the area. TheSpanishconquistador was traveling northeast across the prairie in search of a place calledQuivira, a city said to be fabulously wealthy with gold.
Elk City's history dates back to the days immediately following the opening of theCheyenne-Arapaho reservation in westernOklahoma Territory on April 19, 1892, when the first white settlers made their appearance. Prior to this time, many early ranchers had driven cattle over theGreat Western Cattle Trail fromTexas toDodge City, Kansas; Elk City lies on the route of that trail.
The creation of Elk City was an idea conceived by land promoters fromWeatherford, Oklahoma, when they learned that theChoctaw, Oklahoma and Gulf Railroad (CO & G) was coming to the area (in 1898, the CO & G Railroad completed its western route to Weatherford; beginning in 1901, it continued building west). They formed the Choctaw Townsite and Development Company. These men with great foresight determined that the area at the source of Elk Creek would be an ideal location for a town, so they came to the area to purchase lands from the homesteaders who had claims along the railroad.
Probably the most important day in Elk City's history is March 20, 1901, the date the first lots were sold by the Choctaw Townsite and Development Company. By this time, hundreds of prospective purchasers had built a tent city. On that day, the townsite company sold $32,000 worth of property (about $870,000 in 2012 dollars) and continued doing a good business for some time thereafter.[6]
There is some confusion about how Elk City got its name. Elk City was so named because it is located at thehead of Elk Creek, which in turn was named by U.S. Army CaptainRandolph B. Marcy who was leading an expedition to explore theRed River in 1852. Marcy and his troops had left theWichita Mountains and the waterway which he named Otter Creek during his exploration, and they were traveling northwest along the North Fork of the Red River. On May 31, in the official journal of the expedition, Marcy wrote about the productive soil, the dense grass, and the vertical red clay banks of a "bold running stream of good water." Continuing, he wrote, "From the circumstance of having seenelk tracks upon the stream we passed in our march today, I have called it 'Elk Creek'. I am informed by our guide that five years since, elk were frequently seen in the Wichita Mountains; but now they are seldom met with in this part of the country." Confusion also stems from the early post offices that served the residents of the town. Even though the town of Elk City has had only one name, its early settlers were served by a post office named Crowe, and later, one named Busch. Consequently, on many early maps ofOklahoma Territory the names of "Crowe" or "Busch" are seen instead of "Elk City". Finally, on July 20, 1907, shortly before statehood, the Busch Post Office had its name officially changed to Elk City Post Office.
On August 13, 1901, the Choctaw, Oklahoma and Gulf Railroad (purchased in 1904 by theChicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad in 1904) laid its last rail on the so-called "Choctaw Route", bringing rail access to Elk City. The first regular train service commenced seven days later on August 20, and city folk rejoiced, predicting that the dugouts, claim shacks, and prairie stables would soon disappear and be replaced by handsome residences, commodious barns, and granaries.[7]
By January 1902, Elk City had more than sixty businesses and a population exceeding 1,000.[6] Paving the streets with bricks also began in 1902.[6] Though not yet a year old, the town had become one of the largest in western Oklahoma. Even with two devastating fires (one on October 28, 1903, which destroyed more than a dozen businesses, and the other in March 1906 which burned sixteen businesses to the ground), Elk City continued to grow into a major transportation and commercial hub, and by statehood in 1907, the population had more than tripled to 3,000 people. Theprairie community had become aboomtown.
Elk City is located in northeastern Beckham County.
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 16.4 square miles (42.5 km2), of which 16.2 square miles (41.9 km2) is land and 0.23 square miles (0.6 km2), or 1.37%, is water.[5]
According to theKöppen Climate Classification system, Elk City has ahumid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Elk City was 114 °F (45.6 °C) on July 19, 2022, while the coldest temperature recorded was −12 °F (−24.4 °C) on January 17, 1930, and January 19, 1984.[8]
| Climate data for Elk City, Oklahoma, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1904–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 84 (29) | 95 (35) | 98 (37) | 100 (38) | 106 (41) | 111 (44) | 114 (46) | 113 (45) | 108 (42) | 103 (39) | 90 (32) | 88 (31) | 114 (46) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 73.0 (22.8) | 78.2 (25.7) | 85.4 (29.7) | 88.8 (31.6) | 94.2 (34.6) | 97.7 (36.5) | 103.1 (39.5) | 101.9 (38.8) | 96.2 (35.7) | 90.7 (32.6) | 80.3 (26.8) | 72.0 (22.2) | 103.9 (39.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 50.4 (10.2) | 54.5 (12.5) | 63.9 (17.7) | 72.3 (22.4) | 80.5 (26.9) | 89.2 (31.8) | 94.7 (34.8) | 93.6 (34.2) | 85.4 (29.7) | 74.0 (23.3) | 61.4 (16.3) | 51.2 (10.7) | 72.6 (22.5) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 38.2 (3.4) | 41.8 (5.4) | 50.6 (10.3) | 59.0 (15.0) | 68.4 (20.2) | 77.3 (25.2) | 82.1 (27.8) | 80.9 (27.2) | 73.0 (22.8) | 61.0 (16.1) | 49.1 (9.5) | 39.8 (4.3) | 60.1 (15.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 26.1 (−3.3) | 29.0 (−1.7) | 37.4 (3.0) | 45.6 (7.6) | 56.3 (13.5) | 65.3 (18.5) | 69.6 (20.9) | 68.3 (20.2) | 60.7 (15.9) | 48.1 (8.9) | 36.8 (2.7) | 28.5 (−1.9) | 47.6 (8.7) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 11.0 (−11.7) | 14.6 (−9.7) | 19.9 (−6.7) | 31.0 (−0.6) | 42.0 (5.6) | 54.5 (12.5) | 61.2 (16.2) | 59.6 (15.3) | 46.7 (8.2) | 31.4 (−0.3) | 19.7 (−6.8) | 13.3 (−10.4) | 7.2 (−13.8) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −12 (−24) | −8 (−22) | −3 (−19) | 19 (−7) | 31 (−1) | 42 (6) | 50 (10) | 45 (7) | 28 (−2) | 17 (−8) | 9 (−13) | −9 (−23) | −12 (−24) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 0.88 (22) | 1.00 (25) | 2.10 (53) | 2.74 (70) | 4.45 (113) | 3.77 (96) | 2.48 (63) | 3.70 (94) | 2.80 (71) | 2.90 (74) | 1.42 (36) | 1.28 (33) | 29.52 (750) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 2.7 (6.9) | 2.2 (5.6) | 0.7 (1.8) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.25) | 0.5 (1.3) | 2.4 (6.1) | 8.6 (21.95) |
| Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) | 2.1 (5.3) | 0.9 (2.3) | 0.7 (1.8) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.6 (1.5) | 2.3 (5.8) | 3.2 (8.1) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 4.3 | 3.9 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 5.9 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 74.6 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 5.3 |
| Source 1: NOAA[9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Weather Service[8] | |||||||||||||
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1910 | 3,165 | — | |
| 1920 | 2,814 | −11.1% | |
| 1930 | 5,666 | 101.4% | |
| 1940 | 5,029 | −11.2% | |
| 1950 | 7,963 | 58.3% | |
| 1960 | 8,196 | 2.9% | |
| 1970 | 7,323 | −10.7% | |
| 1980 | 9,569 | 30.7% | |
| 1990 | 10,428 | 9.0% | |
| 2000 | 10,510 | 0.8% | |
| 2010 | 11,693 | 11.3% | |
| 2020 | 11,561 | −1.1% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[10] | |||
As of thecensus of 2010, there were 11,693 people living in the city.[11] The population density was 718.8 inhabitants per square mile (277.5/km2). There were 4,973 housing units at an average density of 340.1 per square mile (131.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 88.95%White, 3.06%African American, 3.02%Native American, 0.54%Asian, 0.03%Pacific Islander, 2.25% fromother races, and 2.15% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 5.96% of the population. The median income for a household in the city was $28,268, and the median income for a family was $35,383. About 15.4% of families and 19.1% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 27.2% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.
Elk City is the principal center of trade forWestern Oklahoma and part of theTexas Panhandle, with a 60-mile (97 km) trade radius that serves more than 50,000 people. Petroleum, agriculture, wind energy, transportation, tourism, manufacturing, and healthcare all contribute to Elk City's economy.[citation needed]
Since the2000 census, Elk City has had a nearly 3% growth in jobs. Over the next decade, the number of jobs available in Elk City is expected to skyrocket by about 42%.[12]
Since Elk City lies in a rich oil andnatural-gas area on the shelf of Oklahoma'sAnadarko Basin, the petroleum industry is the heart of the city's economy. Because of this, the city is the self-proclaimed "Natural Gas Capital of the World", complete withParker Drilling Rig #114, located downtown. The rig dominates the Elk City skyline, and at 180 feet (55 m) in height, is the world's tallest, non-operating oil rig.[13] Elk City has enjoyed significant growth due to the opening and location of oil field services and drilling companies in the city. The petroleum geologist Gustavus "Gus" E. Archie, known forArchie's law, played an important role in establishing the Elk City oil and natural gas field.[14]
Agriculture doesn't play as prominent of a role as it did in the 20th century, with the only remaining viable agricultural market being thelivestock auction. Nevertheless, Elk City still serves as a vital retail center for farmers and ranchers in the area.
In early 2009,Acciona Energy commissioned the first localwind farm, theRed Hills Wind Farm, located approximately 8 miles (13 km) north of Elk City. The Red Hills Wind Farm includes 82 wind turbine generators that produce 123 MW of clean energy, enough to power more than 40,000 homes.[15]
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Transportation has played an important part in Elk City's economy throughout its history, beginning with the building of the famedU.S. Route 66 through the heart of the city in the early 1930s. Today,Interstate 40 serves the city, with 60,000 consumers traveling through Elk City each day, and connects withOklahoma City to the east andAmarillo, Texas, to the west. The city is also served byOklahoma State Highway 6, which connects Elk City withAltus to the south, andOklahoma State Highway 34, connecting Elk City withWoodward to the north. TheElk City Regional Business Airport is located in the northeast part of the city, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the Interstate.[16]
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Given thatHistoric U.S. Route 66 runs through Elk City, a sprawling museum complex has developed, which includes the National Route 66 Museum, the Old Town Museum, the Transportation Museum, the Farm and Ranch Museum, and the Blacksmith Museum. Each museum is housed in separate buildings, which altogether depict a mockup of early Elk City, complete with general stores, bank, a railroad depot and train caboose, opera house, and other buildings. Elk City is also in close proximity to many other attractions in Western Oklahoma, includingFoss State Park,Foss Reservoir, theWashita National Wildlife Refuge,Black Kettle National Grassland, theWichita Mountains, theAntelope Hills, theQuartz Mountains, and theWashita Battlefield National Historic Site.
Bar-S Foods Company operates a packaged-meat warehouse and distribution center in Elk City.[17]
Great Plains Regional Medical Center is Elk City's largest employer and serves Western Oklahoma and the eastern Texas Panhandle. The hospital has been named byOKCBusiness and Best Companies Group as one of the "Thirty Best Places to Work in Oklahoma" for three consecutive years: 2006, 2007, and 2008.[18] On May 11, 2007, construction began on a new, $60 million, 151,030-square-foot (14,031 m2) hospital that opened in July 2009.[19]
In June 2009, it was announced that aWalmart Supercenter would be constructed, bringing at least 150 jobs to the city. Soon afterward, a $2.2 million federal grant was provided through theAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 to help fund the project and bring more jobs to Elk City.[20] It opened in October 2010 off I-40 at Exit 40. Featuring 180,000-square-foot (17,000 m2) area, it is the largest store between Amarillo and Oklahoma City.
Three school districts include section of Elk City, with the former covering more of Elk City:[21]
Elk City Public Schools and Merritt Public Schools are members of theWestern Technology Center District. WTC provides the opportunity for adults and high school students to get occupationally-specific training. As a member of the WTC district, high school juniors and seniors living in the Elk City School District and Merritt School District have the opportunity to attend classes at WTC. High school students who are residents of the WTC District can enroll in WTC full-time training on a tuition-free basis.
Intercity bus service is provided byGreyhound Lines.[22]
Elk City Regional Business Airport (KELK; FAA ID: ELK), 1 mile northeast, has a 5399’ x 75’ paved runway.[23]
Commercial air transportation is available atWill Rogers World Airport, about 112 miles east,[24] orRick Husband Amarillo International Airport, about 140 miles west.[25]
Rail freight service is available fromFarmrail Corporation.[26]
Municipalities and communities ofBeckham County, Oklahoma,United States | ||
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| Cities |  | |
| Towns | ||
| Unincorporated communities | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
| International | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
