Eisenach (German pronunciation:[ˈaɪzənax]ⓘ) is atown inThuringia,Germany with 42,000 inhabitants, located 50 kilometres (31 miles) west ofErfurt, 70 km (43 miles) southeast ofKassel and 150 km (93 miles) northeast ofFrankfurt. It is the main urban centre of western Thuringia and bordering northeasternHessian regions, situated near the formerInner German border. A major attraction isWartburg castle, which has been aUNESCO World Heritage Site since 1999.
Eisenach's origin and early history is unknown. An 8th century Frankish settlement near Petersberg hill is regarded as the nucleus of Eisenach. However, there are no written sources about that early period. According to legend,Louis the Springer began in 1067 to establishWartburg castle above the settlement.[5]: 139
In 1080, the castle was first mentioned in a Saxon chronicle. Eisenach itself followed in a document dating to 1150 where it was referred to as "Isinacha".[5]: 139 During the 1180s, the town was established by the construction of three independent market settlements around the Saturday's market (today's Karlsplatz), the Wednesday's market (today's Frauenplan) and the Monday's market (today's Marktplatz). Due to its convenient location at a bottleneck between theThuringian Forest in the south and theHainich mountains in the north, Eisenach benefitted from substantial west-east trade alongVia Regia fromFrankfurt toErfurt andLeipzig and became a rich merchant town. During the second half of the 12th century, the town walls were erected (the Nikolaitor is an important relict of this wall) and Eisenach got a planned grid of streets and alleys. In the late 12th century, the Wartburg became the main residence of theLudowingians, making Eisenach a leading place in today's western Thuringia and northern Hesse, which also belonged to the Ludowingian landgraviate. In 1207, the legendarySängerkrieg supposedly took place at Wartburg castle.
In 1221, St.Elizabeth married LandgraveLouis' IV and she lived in Eisenach or at Wartburg castle until 1228.[5]: 139 Later, she became the patroness of Thuringia and Hesse.
In 1247, the Ludowingians died out which led to theWar of the Thuringian Succession between theWettins and DuchessSophie ofBrabant. As a consequence, the landgraviate was divided. Eisenach and the eastern parts went to the Wettins (later becoming Thuringia) andKassel,Marburg and the western parts went to Sophie (later becoming Hesse). Eisenach kept a leading position among the Wettin's Thuringian cities by becoming theirOberhof (leading court), so that their law had to be derived from Eisenach's municipal law and disputes had to be resolved here. The confident citizens of Eisenach fought against the Wettin's rule to become afree imperial city between 1306 and 1308, but lost. In the 14th century various crises followed: in 1342, a big fire destroyed nearly all the buildings and theBlack Death killed many inhabitants in 1349 and 1393. Since 1406, Eisenach was no longer a Wettin residence, which led to a decline in urban development. In 1485, in the "division of Leipzig", the town fell to theErnestine line of the Wettins.
Between 1498 and 1501, the youngMartin Luther attended the St. George's Latin school in Eisenach in preparation for his following studies at theUniversity of Erfurt. In 1521/22 he was hidden byFrederick the Wise at Wartburg castle to protect him from theImperial ban. In that time, Luther translated theNew Testament from Greek into German, in what was an important step both for theGerman Reformation and the development of a consistent German standard language.
Luther referred to Eisenach asein Pfaffennest ("a clerical backwater"), since during his time there were 300 monks and nuns per 1,000 inhabitants.[5]: 139
In 1525, there was heavy fighting in the area during theBauernkrieg.[5]: 139 In 1528, the Lutheran Reformation was implemented in Eisenach. In 1596, Eisenach became a ducal residence again for the house ofSaxe-Eisenach.
Car, produced inAutomobilwerk Eisenach in 1898Demolition of historic buildings during the 1970s and 1980s.
In 1817, theWartburg Festival took place in Eisenach, a meeting of students advocating moves towards a more liberal, constitutional state and aunification of Germany. The industrial revolution started relatively early in Eisenach. As early as the first half of the 19th century, the first factories were founded. In 1847, Eisenach was connected by theThuringian Railway toErfurt andHalle/Leipzig in the east and in 1849 toKassel andFrankfurt in the west. In 1858, theWerra Railway toLichtenfels (and further toNuremberg) was opened.
In August 1869, the leading socialistsAugust Bebel andWilhelm Liebknecht founded theSDAP, one of the two predecessors of today'sSPD in Eisenach.[5]: 147 TheEisenach Program remained the party's main manifesto for the following years. The late 19th and early 20th century was the period with the fastest urban growth in Eisenach. TheFahrzeugfabrik Eisenach (FFE), laterAutomobilwerk Eisenach, basis of car production in Eisenach, was founded in 1896, the first trams ran in 1897, theBurschenschaftsdenkmal [de] ("fraternity monument") was erected in 1902 and theJ. S. Bach museum opened in 1907. Tourists also started to arrive in this period, drawn by the pleasing landscape and the various sights within the town.
Between the 1860s and 1938, Eisenach hosted one of the largest Jewish communities in Thuringia with nearly 500 members at the beginning of the 20th century. Many Jews migrated from theRhön area aroundStadtlengsfeld to Eisenach after theiremancipation in the early 19th century. The new synagogue was built in 1885 and destroyed by the Nazis duringKristallnacht in November 1938. Most Jews emigrated at that time, others were deported to concentration camps and murdered there. DuringNazi Germany theInstitute for the Study and Elimination of Jewish Influence on German Church Life, an antisemitic propaganda institute, was set up in Eisenach by eleven German Protestant churches, founded at the instigation of theGerman Christian movement.
Before theSecond World War,Bayerische Motoren Werke AG had produced motorcycles in the town.[6] In preparation for World War II, new barracks were established in Eisenach and the car industry started the production of military equipment. After 1940, around 4,000forced labourers (most of them from theSoviet Union) were pressed to work in the town's factories, where some of them died due to the bad working conditions. Postwar, the managing director of theBMWaircraft engine works, Dr Schaaf, told the Fedden Mission there were as many as 11,000 working in the town, 4,500 in a plant inside a hillside turning outBMW 132 engines and parts for the801, the rest in town.[7] The bombings during the war destroyed about 2,000 housing units and big parts of the car factories, as well as some historic buildings in the town centre, which were rebuilt soon after the war. The US Army arrived in Eisenach on 6 April 1945, but the Soviets took over control of the town on 1 July 1945, making it Communism's westernmost major town.
Eisenach was part of theGDR after 1949. TheInner German border ran only ten kilometres west of Eisenach and was closed in 1952, cutting off parts of Eisenach's traditional hinterland. The location near the border inhibited the further development during the next 40 years and the population declined through that period. Nevertheless, Eisenach remained an important industrial location. TheBMW car factory wassocialized and under the new nameEMW produced theWartburg, the so-called "Mercedes of the East". The deteriorating condition of many historic houses led to a housing shortage during the 1970s. The government fought this by demolishing some historic quarters (e.g. at Jakobstraße) and rebuilding them withPlattenbau settlements. The biggestPlattenbau district was built at the northern periphery of Eisenach between 1978 and 1985 with nearly 4,000 housing units. In 1975, the tramway system was discontinued.
AfterGerman reunification in 1990, the economic situation changed. The car factory was taken over byOpel, whereas many other factories were closed. On the other hand, Eisenach moved from the inner German border to the centre of the reunified country. Tourism saw significant growth and the Wartburg castle was designated aUNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999. Nevertheless, the financial situation of Eisenach remained difficult, unemployment stayed above average and car production suffered from the business problems of Opel.
Eisenach is situated at the northern edge of theThuringian Forest, at an elevation of about 220 m. The terrain is hilly, to the south also mountainous (up to 460 m of elevation), with the centralHörsel valley crossing the town in east-western direction. TheNesse river enters the Hörsel river in Eisenach after forming a valley through the spur of the Hörselberg mountains in the eastern municipal territory. The northern territory around the Neunkirchen, Stregda and Hötzelsroda districts is relatively flat and in agricultural use. Approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of the town centre runs the wideWerra valley, where the Hörsel river enters this bigger river near Hörschel district. The southern municipal territory is covered with forest, same as some smaller parts north of the Hörsel river. TheHainich mountains begin 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Eisenach.
Eisenach has ahumid continental climate (Dfb) or anoceanic climate (Cfb) according to theKöppen climate classification system.[8][9] Summers are warm and sometimes humid, winters are relatively cold. The town's topography creates a microclimate with mostly adequate air circulation along the west-eastern valley which made Eisenach a resort at the end of the 19th century. Annual precipitation is 831 millimeters (32.7 in) with moderate rainfall throughout the year. Light snowfall mainly occurs from December through February, but snow cover does not usually remain for long in the inner town valley.
Eisenach has always been one of the larger towns in Thuringia with 4,000 to 5,000 inhabitants during the Middle Ages. By 1800, the population rose to 8,000 and further to 10,000 as industrialisation started around 1850. In 1875, the town had 16,000 inhabitants, 30,000 in 1900, 43,000 in 1925 and more than 50,000 in 1940, as the peak was reached. Like the most other east German mid-sized towns, Eisenach has had a shrinking population since 1950. It declined to 48,000 in 1990, 44,000 in 2000 and 42,000 in 2012. During the last few years (2009–2012), the annual change was-0.12%. Suburbanization played only a small role in Eisenach. It occurred after reunification for a short time in the 1990s, but most of the suburban areas are situated within the administrative town borders.
The birth deficit was 240 in 2012, or -5.7 per 1,000 inhabitants (Thuringian average: -4.5; national average: -2.4). The net migration rate was +6.5 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2012 (Thuringian average: -0.8; national average: +4.6).[10] The most important regions of origin of people who have moved to Eisenach are rural areas of Thuringia as well as foreign countries like Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria.
Like in other eastern German cities, only a small share of Eisenach's population is foreign: circa 2.3% are non-Germans by citizenship and overall 4.9% are classified as "migrants" (according to the2011 EU census). Differing from the national average, the biggest groups of migrants in Eisenach areVietnamese,Russians andUkrainians.
The region around Eisenach is the part of Thuringia with the strongest economic base.[5]: 139
Agriculture is not very important in Eisenach, because of the hilly terrain, the—compared to central Thuringia further east—less fertile soil and the relatively humid climate. However, 43% of the total municipal territory are in agricultural use, mostly asmaize andrapeseed fields or as cattle pasture.
The industrial structure is relatively focused on car production. The German auto manufacturerOpel built an entirelynew plant in the northwest of the town, after theWartburg car plant had ceased production in 1991. The new plant opened in 1992. Most other large manufacturers in Eisenach serve as suppliers for Opel, the largest among them isBosch.BMW runs a factory in the neighbouring municipality ofKrauthausen that supplies car parts. Another component supplier is "Truck-Lite Europe". In 2012, there were a total of 19 industrial companies with more than 20 workers in Eisenach, employing 5,600 people and generating a turnover of more than 1.8 billion euros.[11] Of those employees, 3,000 work for just two companies (Opel and Bosch), underlining the dependence of Eisenach on theautomotive industry.
Services in Eisenach are focused on tourism with 166,000 overnight visitors spending a total of 311,000 nights in hotels in 2012. In addition, there are large numbers of (mostly German) one-day visitors.
Eisenach also provides services to the region (retail, hospitals, theatres, cinemas etc.).
During recent years, the economic situation of the town improved: the unemployment rate declined from 17% in 2005 to 9% in 2013.
TheBachhaus at Frauenplan was the first museum worldwide to be dedicated to the life and work ofJohann Sebastian Bach in 1906. It was established through theNeue Bachgesellschaft. The house is over 600 years old and stands near the site of the house in the Rittergasse, which is directly in back of the museum, where Bach was born on 31 March 1685. Today, a 2007 expansion has been added to the museum and it holds several artifacts and a variety of 18th and 19th century musical instruments.[5]: 143
TheLutherhaus at Lutherplatz is one of the oldesthalf-timbered buildings remaining in Eisenach.Martin Luther is said to have lived here as a pupil during his school days in Eisenach from 1498 to 1501 as a guest of the Cotta family. The building was destroyed in a fire in 1944 but had been completely rebuilt by 1966.[5]: 142 Currently, this house is a museum featuring multimedia exhibits relating to the period. The museum is split into five parts illustrating Luther's life and times as well as his teachings.
Automobile Welt at Friedrich-Naumann-Straße exhibits the tradition of car production in Eisenach since 1898. It includes the Wartburg cars of 1899–1991, AWE racing cars from 1956 and classic BMW cars.[5]: 147
TheThüringer Museum inside the palace at Marktplatz is the art-historical museum of Eisenach and shows a collection focusing onporcelain and art handicrafts.
TheReuter-Wagner-Museum at Reuterweg hosts an exhibition on the poetFritz Reuter and the composerRichard Wagner. Built byLudwig Bohnstedt between 1866 and 1868, thisneo-renaissance house was the home of Fritz Reuter, a well-known poet of the Low German dialect, from 1868 until his death in 1874. Reuter's home was acquired by the town in 1895 and turned into a memorial. That same year the collection of Nicolaus Oesterlein containing several thousand books on Richard Wagner (virtually the complete primary and secondary literature on Wagner of the 19th century) was added. Since 1997, this collection—the second largest in the world afterBayreuth—has been presented in a new exhibit on the ground floor, which also includes all the material onTannhäuser, an opera set at the Wartburg.[3]: 32–33 [12]
The museum inside thePredigerkirche at Predigerplatz hosts the medieval art division of theThüringer Museum.
TheGoldener Löwe at Marienstraße shows an historical exhibition of German social democracy. On 7 August 1869 the Social Democratic Worker's Party (later to become theSocial-Democratic Party of Germany) was founded at this site.[5]: 147 The "August Bebel Society" offers lectures and seminars on topics of historical and current political interest.
Typical example of mansion architecture in the southern town
The town of Eisenach developed during the Middle Ages at the exit ofMariental valley, opening to the Hörsel valley around Marktplatz, Karlsplatz and Frauenplan in a triangle structure. The early-modern period brought extensions to the west (Katharinenstraße), to the north (Jakobstraße) and to the east (in front of Nikolaitor gate). The construction boom between 1850 and 1914 led to a strict division in urban development. South of the historic centre, mansion districts were established on the hillsides of Mariental valley, where the rich factory owners, rentiers and other upper-class people lived. These districts are among the most important examples of this urban type in Germany, and one of the largest in Europe.[5]: 147 North of the historic centre, next to the railway and Hörsel river, factories and worker quarters were established. These also host some examples of interestingGründerzeit architecture. AfterWorld War I, the town extended further to the north on the other bank of Hörsel river, where some new residential areas were developed before 1990.
Karlsplatz: adjoins the Nikolaikirche (Church of St. Nicholas) and the Romanesque Nikolaitor (St. Nicholas Gate), the only surviving town gate (out of five). The square is seen as the nucleus of the town, it was first mentioned in 1368.[5]: 142
Marktplatz: the market square with the Georgenkirche (Church of St. George), the town hall, the BaroqueStadtschloss, as well as a number of highly decorative administration buildings and merchants' houses. It also features the gilded market fountain designed by Hans Leonardt in 1549, showing St. George, the patron saint of Eisenach.
Jakobsplan: named after a chapel destroyed by fire in the Middle Ages. Jakobsplan comprises a monument to St. George in the centre of the square, part of the old town walls (including one of the watch towers), and the Goethe Garden.
Frauenplan: a small courtyard-type square that takes its name from the "Church of Our Lady". The church was demolished for defence purposes in 1306. Today Frauenplan is the location of theBachhaus and the Bach monument in front of it.
St. George's Church (Lutheran) at the market square was first built in the 12th century. The church in which St. Elisabeth was married was demolished in 1515 and replaced by a new structure. Martin Luther held a sermon there on 2 May 1521. In 1525, the church was heavily damaged during theBauernkrieg and during the Reformation it served as a stables. It was rededicated in 1558. On 23 March 1685, Johann Sebastian Bach was baptized in the church (the 16th century baptismal font still remains). The tower was added in 1898–1902.[5]: 142
St. Nicholas' Church (Lutheran), located on the Karlsplatz, served theBenedictine convent once located in the area. This triple-naved basilica was built in 1180.[5]: 139 It is considered the latest example ofRomanesque architecture in Thuringia.
Preachers' Church (secularized) at Predigerplatz was part of a formerDominican monastery (founded in 1240 and the only monastery buildings of which remain in the town), today used as a museum for medieval art.[5]: 146
St. Elizabeth's Church (Roman Catholic) at Sophienstraße is the Catholic parish church of Eisenach, built inneo-Gothic style in the 1880s.[5]: 147
St. Anne's Church (Lutheran) at Georgenstraße was founded together with a hospital by St. Elizabeth in 1226.
St. Clement's Chapel (Lutheran) at Clemensstraße is a small 13th century Romanesque chapel.
Holy Cross Church (secularized) at the old cemetery was built in the 1690s.
The most important castle is the Wartburg above the town. For further information, see:Wartburg.
TheStadtschloss (town palace) is situated at the north end of the Marktplatz and was built between 1742 and 1745. This palace was constructed to the plans of Gottfried Heinrich Krohne, architect of DukeErnst August I ofSaxe-Weimar.[5]: 140 After 1777Johann Wolfgang von Goethe frequently stayed here in his capacity as the duke's prime minister.[3]: 36–37 Today the Stadtschloss acts as a venue for special exhibitions and as a museum for artistic and historical artifacts from Thuringia.
Hellgrevenhof at Georgenstraße is part of a former inner-town castle, named after Heinrich Hellgreve, a rich citizen who lived here in the late 13th century. It consists of five buildings, the oldest dating to around 1200, although it has been modified several times over the centuries.[3]: 35
Bechtolsheim Palace at Jakobsplan is aneoclassical palace, built in the late 18th century.
Schloss Fischbach in Fischbach district is a small 17th-century castle.
Jagdschloss Hohe Sonne is a hunting lodge south of the city in the Thuringian Forest. It was built in the mid-18th century in the Baroque style.
Alte Residenz at Esplanade is the relic of the former ducal residence, rebuilt in the Renaissance style after older predecessors.
TheBach monument was constructed in 1884 byAdolf von Donndorf. Financed by other well-known musicians, the more-than-life-size figure portrays Johann Sebastian Bach in hisSt. Thomas's choir-master's clothes and wig. It is situated on the Frauenplan next to theBachhaus.
TheMartin Luther monument at Karlsplatz was designed by Adolf von Donndorf and was dedicated on 4 May 1895 on the 374th anniversary of Luther's arrival at Wartburg castle. The more-than-life-size statue of Martin Luther on a pedestal also has reliefs depicting events of his life leading up to and including his stay in Eisenach as well as the title of one of his most famous hymns, "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott" ("A Mighty Fortress Is Our God").
TheBurschenschaftsdenkmal (literally: "Monument to Student Fraternities") on Göpelskuppe hill was built in 1902. The monument stands on a hill opposite the Wartburg in memory of the members of the liberal and nationalistic student movement and others who were killed in the struggle for a united Germany between 1864 and 1871.[5]: 148 The monument that reaches a height of 33 meters and proclaims "Honour, Freedom, and Fatherland", was dedicated on 22 May 1902 and was extended in 1933 to honour those who fell in World War I. Since reunification, fraternities again have been meeting in Eisenach in memory of the demonstrations held at the Wartburg in the past.
The town walls were built during the 13th century and demolished in the 19th century. Remains visible today are theNikolaitor and theGlockenturm.
TheKartausgarten is all that remains of the originalCarthusian monastery, consecrated to St. Elizabeth in 1380. In 1700 it became a royal kitchen garden and around 1800 was changed into a park. The "Wandelhalle" (covered walk and foyer), built in 1906,[5]: 147 was originally intended as a pump room to aspa planned for Eisenach that never materialised.
Thetown hall at Marktplatz was a former wine cellar and became the townhall of Eisenach in 1596. The building, having been destroyed by fire in 1636, was rebuilt in 1641. The southern part of the complex suffered considerable damage in a bombing raid in 1945 duringWorld War II. It was renovated in 1996 and it now houses the municipal administration offices.
TheLandestheater (state theatre) was established in 1879[5]: 147 by Julius von Eichel-Streiber and constructed to the design of theLeipzig architect Karl Weichardt. It was later renovated in 1993. The theatre holds an audience of 600 and has two balconies.
Thenarrow house may be the narrowest half-timbered house in Germany. It was built before 1750 and is only 2.05 meters wide. Inside visitors can view a small exhibition. Notably, Bach composed several sonnets here as he liked the acoustics of the house.
Eisenach Hauptbahnhof (Hbf)A tram at Marktplatz in 1974The "R" is the symbol of theRennsteig hiking trail in the Thuringian Forest, which starts in Eisenach
Eisenach is connected by theThuringian Railway toErfurt andHalle/Leipzig to the east and toKassel andFrankfurt to the west. Furthermore, there is theWerra Railway, a former main-line railway between north and south Germany from Eisenach viaMeiningen toEisfeld, which since the division of Germany after World War II has served only for regional transport. At the former inner German border, it is still interrupted between Eisfeld andCoburg, but rebuilding is in discussion.Eisenach Hauptbahnhof is a stop of all long-distance trains from Frankfurt to Leipzig/Dresden, running once an hour. Local trains, also once an hour, start in Eisenach to Halle via Erfurt, toSonneberg via Meiningen and Eisfeld and toBebra viaGerstungen. Freight transport is important at Eisenach's Opel factory which has its own terminal. Further local passenger stations are Eisenach-West, Eisenach-Opelwerk and Hörschel.
Eisenach is located on theBundesautobahn 4 from Frankfurt in the west to Erfurt and Dresden in the east. Since 2010, the Autobahn has been moved to a new route farther away from the town to protect the residents from noise and air pollution. Moreover, it was not possible to expand the old route because of the mountainous topography. After 2010, parts of the old route became a town highway, whereas other parts were renaturalized. A second Autobahn between Eisenach and Kassel is in construction (Bundesautobahn 44). There are fourBundesstraßen connecting Eisenach: TheBundesstraße 7 runs to Kassel in the north-west, whereas its eastern branch toGotha was annulled in 2010. TheBundesstraße 19 leads to Meiningen in the south, theBundesstraße 84 toBad Langensalza in the north-east and toFulda viaVacha in the south-west and theBundesstraße 88 is a connection toIlmenau in the south-east. Furthermore, there are two important secondary roads toMühlhausen viaMihla in the north and toHerleshausen in the west through the Hörsel valley. Downtown traffic is concentrated on Rennbahn street, which often leads to congestion due to a large number of commuters and the town's narrow topography.
The next local airports are theErfurt-Weimar Airport, about 50 km (31 mi) to the east and theKassel Calden Airport, roughly 90 km (56 mi) to the north-west. Both offer service to tourist destinations. The next major international airport isFrankfurt Airport, circa 200 km (124 mi) to the south-west. Kindel Airfield, 12 km (7 mi) east of Eisenach, is a former Soviet military base, today used for private aviation.
Biking is getting more and more popular since the construction of quality cycle tracks began in the 1990s. Long distance trails include theWerra trail, theRennsteig trail and theRadweg Thüringer Städtekette ("Thuringian town string trail"). These all connect points of touristic interest, the first along theWerra valley from theThuringian Forest to theWeser river inHann. Münden, the second through the Thuringian Forest along its crest to theSaale river nearHof and the third follows near the medievalVia Regia from the Werra valley/Eisenach via Gotha, Erfurt andWeimar toAltenburg.
Public transport in Eisenach is by a bus network servicing the downtown areas as well as the neighbouring towns and villages. The three-line tramway system of Eisenach was in operation between 1897 and 1975.
After reunification, the educational system was reformed. Eisenach currently has six state-run and one Protestant primary schools.[14]
There are two types of secondary school in Germany. Thegymnasium prepares students for higher education at a university and students graduate after a total of 12 or 13 years of education with anAbitur. There are two public and one evangelical gymnasium in Eisenach named after personalities of the cities history:[15]
Elisabeth Gymnasium (named afterSt. Elisabeth. This public gymnasium is partner school for the handball project of the local ThSV Eisenach handball club which is one of clubs playing in Germany's first league (Handball Bundesliga). Students can specialise in science, languages or music & art and are offered an intense course in economics & law in year 11 and 12).[16]
Ernst Abbe Gymnasium (named afterErnst Abbe. This public gymnasium offers specialisations in science and languages and offers its student aMINT - math, IT, science, technology - certificate, similar to a degree inSTEM fields.[17]
Luther Gymnasium (named afterMartin Luther. In addition to its religious focus, this Protestant gymnasium offers specialisations in science and languages. Career guidance and a diaconal internship are part of year 11 and 12).[18]
Another form of secondary school is theRealschule where students graduate after a total of ten years of education. There are four public and one free sponsoredRealschulen in Eisenach.[19]
In addition, there is oneWaldorf school where education spans from primary school to gymnasium.[20]
In 1998, theBerufsakademie Eisenach was founded. The roughly 600 students can obtain a bachelor's degree there, either in economics or in technics.
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