Thegens Domitia was aplebeian family atancient Rome. The first of thegens to achieve prominence was Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus, consul in 332 BC. His son,Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus Maximus, was consul in 283, and the first plebeiancensor. The family produced several distinguished generals, and towards the end of theRepublic, the Domitii were looked upon as one of the most illustrious gentes.^[1][2][3][4]

Thepraenomen most associated with the Domitii wasGnaeus. The Domitii Calvini also usedMarcus, while the Ahenobarbi usedLucius.

During the time of the Republic, there are recorded only two branches of this gens, theAhenobarbi andCalvini, and with the exception of a few unknown personages mentioned in isolated passages ofCicero, there is none without acognomen.^[1]

Calvinus, the name of the oldest family of the Domitii, is derived from the Latin adjectivecalvus, meaning "bald." The lengthened form,Calvinus is a diminutive, generally translated as "baldish", although it could also refer to the descendants of someone who had borne the surnameCalvus. Such names belong to a common class of cognomina derived from a person's physical features.^[1][5]

The family namedAhenobarbus was so called from the red hair which many of its members had. To explain this name, which signifies, "Red-Beard" (literally, "Bronze-Beard"), and to assign a high antiquity to their family, it was said that theDioscuri announced to one of their ancestors the victory of the Romans over theLatins atLake Regillus (498 BC), and, to confirm the truth of what they said, that they stroked his black hair and beard, which immediately became red.^{[6][7][8][9][5][10]}

This list includes abbreviatedpraenomina. For an explanation of this practice, seefiliation.

• Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus, father of the consul of 332 BC.
• Gnaeus Domitius Cn. f. Calvinus, consul in 332 BC.^[11]
• Gnaeus Domitius Cn. f. Cn. n. Calvinus, surnamedMaximus, consul in 283 BC, won a great victory over theGauls andEtruscans;dictator in 280; after laying down his office, Calvinus became the first plebeiancensor.^{[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]}
• Domitius (Cn. f. Cn. n.) Calvinus, as praetor, conquered the Etruscan town ofLuna, which had been occupied by theIllyrians. The year is uncertain, but must have occurred after theFirst Punic War.^[19][20][21]
• Marcus Domitius Calvinus, grandfather of Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus, consul in 53 and 40 BC.
• Marcus Domitius M. f. Calvinus,^[i] praetor in 80 BC, and sent as proconsul toHispania Citerior. In 79 he was summoned intoHispania Ulterior byQuintus Caecilius Metellus Pius, who was in want of assistance againstSertorius, but he was defeated and killed byHirtuleius, quaestor of Sertorius, near theAnas.^{[22][23][24][25][26][27]}
• Gnaeus Domitius M. f. M. n. Calvinus, consul in 53 and 40 BC, and a partisan of bothCaesar andOctavian.
• Domitia Cn. f. M. n. Calvina, marriedLucius Calpurnius Bibulus and had a daughter also called Domitia Calvina.^[28]

• Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, grandfather of the consul of 192 BC.
• Lucius Domitius L. f. Ahenobarbus, father of the consul of 192 BC.
• Gnaeus Domitius L. f. L. n. Ahenobarbus, plebeian aedile in 196 BC, as consul in 192 he was sent against theBoii.^[29][30][31]
• Gnaeus Domitius Cn. f. L. n. Ahenobarbus, consulsuffectus in 162 BC.^[32][33][34]
• Gnaeus Domitius Cn. f. Cn. n. Ahenobarbus, consul in 122 BC. He was sent against theAllobroges, whom he conquered the following year, and over whom he received atriumph in 120. He was censor in 115.^{[35][36][37][38][39][40][41]}
• Domitia, the wife ofQuintus Lutatius Catulus, consul in 102 BC.
• Gnaeus Domitius Cn. f. Cn. n. Ahenobarbus, consul in 96 BC, and censor in 92, withLucius Licinius Crassus, the orator. Known for his simple tastes, severe temper, and private grudges. Crassus said of him "that it was no wonder that a man had a beard of brass, who had a mouth of iron and a heart of lead."^{[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]}
• Lucius Domitius Cn. f. Cn. n. Ahenobarbus, consul in 94 BC. As praetor inSicily, after theSecond Servile War, when slaves were forbidden to carry arms, he ordered a slave to be crucified for killing a wild boar with a hunting spear. During the civil war betweenMarius andSulla, he espoused the side of the latter, and was murdered at Rome by the praetorDamasippus, by order ofthe younger Marius.^{[50][51][52][53][54]}
• Gnaeus Domitius Cn. f. Cn. n. Ahenobarbus, son-in-law ofCinna, and thus a partisan of Marius. Proscribed by Sulla, who came to power in 82 BC, he fled toAfrica, where he collected an army, but he was defeated and killed byGnaeus Pompeius.^{[55][56][57][58]}
• Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, praetor in 80 BC, is probably the same person as Marcus Domitius Calvinus, proconsul in Hispania Ulterior.^[27]
• Lucius Domitius Cn. f. Cn. n. Ahenobarbus, consul in 54 BC. Originally an opponent of theFirst Triumvirate, he later espoused the side of Pompeius against Caesar, against whom he prosecuted thewar vigorously. He fell in battle atPharsalus, in 48 BC.^{[59][60][61][62][63][64]}
• Gnaeus Domitius (L. f. Cn. n.) Ahenobarbus, praetor in 54 BC. He presided at the second trial ofMarcus Caelius Rufus.^[65]
• Gnaeus Domitius L. f. Cn. n. Ahenobarbus, after the murder of Caesar, espoused the side ofBrutus, and was condemned. He won a naval battle atPhilippi, and subsequently maintained two legions and a fleet of seventy ships along theIonian Sea. He subsequently reconciled withMarcus Antonius, and became consul in 32 BC. He went over toOctavian, but died before theBattle of Actium.^{[66][67][68][69][70][71][72]}
• Lucius Domitius Cn. f. L. n. Ahenobarbus, son-in-law of Marcus Antonius, the triumvir. Consul in 16 BC, succeededTiberius in command of the Roman army inGermania, where he crossed theAlbis, and received a triumph. Suetonius describes him as haughty, prodigal, and cruel, and thatAugustus was forced to restrain the bloodshed in his gladiatorial combats. He died in AD 25.^{[72][73][74][75]}
• Gnaeus Domitius L. f. Cn. n. Ahenobarbus, son-in-law ofGermanicus, and father of the emperor Nero. He was consul in AD 32, and afterward proconsul in Sicily. "His life was stained with crimes of every kind... and [he] only escaped execution by the death of Tiberius."^{[75][76][77][78]}
• Domitia L. f. Cn. n. Lepida Major, aunt of the emperor Nero. She was the wife ofDecimus Haterius Agrippa, who was killed by Tiberius in AD 32, and then ofGaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus, who deserted her forJulia Agrippina, the mother of Nero. At an advanced age, Domitia was poisoned by her nephew, that he might get possession of her property atBaiae and in the neighborhood ofRavenna, on which estates he built magnificent gymnasia.^{[79][80][81][82]}
• Domitia L. f. Cn. n. Lepida Minor, aunt of the emperor Nero. She was the wife ofMarcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus, and mother ofMessalina, wife of the emperorClaudius. Like her sister, she was a rival ofAgrippina, the mother of Nero, who induced her son to have his aunt put to death in AD 55.^[83][84]
• Lucius Domitius Cn. f. L. n. Ahenobarbus, afterward the emperorNero.

• Marcus Domitius P. f., a senator, sent as an ambassador in Crete in 113 BC. He might have been one of the Calvini, as the Ahenobarbi did not use the praenomenMarcus.^[85][86]
• Domitius Marsus, a Latin poet of theAugustan age. He or one of his ancestors probably belonged to theMarsic nation, and was adopted into the noble house of the Domitii.^[87]
• Domitius Celer, an intimate friend ofGnaeus Calpurnius Piso, by whom he had been sent intoSyria. After the death ofGermanicus, Domitius persuaded Piso to return to that province.^[88]
• Domitius Pollio, whose daughter was selected to replace the deceasedVestal Virgin Occia.^[89]
• Gnaeus Domitius Afer, a noted orator of the first century, and consulsuffectus in AD 39.
• Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, consul in AD 39, and one of the greatest of Roman generals. Under Claudius, he obtained the command of the armies inGermania, and enjoyed much success before being recalled by a jealous emperor. Subsequently, he was sent against theParthians, winning major victories in 54 and 58. However, the suspicious Nero ordered his death in 67.
• Domitius Balbus, a wealthy man of praetorian rank, whose will was forged in AD 61.^[90]
• Domitius Silus, the husband ofAtria Galla, a woman of low birth but great physical beauty.Gaius Calpurnius Piso lured her away from Silus, whose willingness to part with his wife, along with her brazen infidelity, added to Piso's notoriety.^[91]
• Domitia Decidiana, the wife ofGnaeus Julius Agricola, and mother-in-law of the historianTacitus.
• Domitius Caecilianus, an intimate friend ofPublius Clodius Thrasea Paetus, who informed him of his condemnation by the senate in AD 67.^[92]
• Domitia, the elder daughter of Corbulo, she married the senatorLucius Annius Vinicianus, who was implicated in a plot against the emperor Nero, and took his own life rather than defend himself.
• Domitia Longina, the younger daughter of Corbulo. She married Lucius Aelius Plautius Lamia Aemilianus, but was carried off by the future emperorDomitian about AD 69. Their marriage was loveless and both spouses unfaithful. Domitia was Roman empress from 81 to 96. Aware of the conspiracy against her husband, but in fear for her own life, she encouraged the conspirators, and outlived the emperor by many years.^[93][94]
• Lucius Domitius Apollinaris, consulsuffectus in 97, and patron ofMartial.
• Domitia Paulina, wife ofPublius Aelius Hadrianus Afer, and mother of the emperorHadrian.^[95]
• Aelia Domitia Paulina, sister of the emperor Hadrian.
• Domitius Labeo, the author of a letter in theDigesta, sometimes thought to have been a jurist. He must have lived in the first part of the second century.^[96][97]
• Domitia Lucilla Major, grandmother of the emperorMarcus Aurelius.
• Domitius Callistratus, the author of a work onHeracleia, consisting of at least seven books.^[98]
• Gaius Domitius Dexter, consul in AD 196, during the reign ofSeptimius Severus, who appointed himpraefectus urbi.^[99]
• Lucius Domitius Honoratus, governor ofEgypt in AD 222.
• Gnaeus Domitius Annius Ulpianus, an influential jurist of the early third century.
• Domitius Florus, who had been ejected from the senate through the influence ofPlautianus, was restored in the reign ofMacrinus, and created tribune of the people.^[100]
• Lucius Domitius Aurelianus, emperor from AD 270 to 275.
• Lucius Domitius Domitianus, a pretender to the imperial dignity inEgypt during the reign ofDiocletian.
• Lucius Domitius Alexander, proclaimed emperor by his troops during the reign ofMaxentius, but swiftly defeated and put to death.
• Domitius Zenofilus, consul in 333 AD.
• Domitius Leontius, consul in 344.
• Domitius Modestus, consul in 372.

• List of Roman gentes

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• Polybius,Historiae (The Histories).
• Marcus Tullius Cicero,Brutus,De Divinatione,De Natura Deorum,De Oratore,Divinatio in Quintum Caecilium,Epistulae ad Familiares,Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem,In Verrem,Philippicae,Pro Cluentio,Pro Fonteio,Pro Gaio Cornelio,Pro Rege Deiotario,Pro Scauro.
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 This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Schmitz, Leonhard (1870). "Domitia Gens". InSmith, William (ed.).Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 1. p. 1061.
 This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Smith, William (1870). "Ahenobarbus". InSmith, William (ed.).Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 1. p. 83.

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