| Dobrujan Tatar | |
|---|---|
| Tatar tílí /Tatarşa | |
 Dobrujan Tatar written in the Latin script | |
| Native to | Bulgaria,Moldova,Romania,Turkey,Ukraine |
| Region | Eastern Europe |
| Ethnicity | Dobrujan Tatars Dobrujan Arabs |
Turkic
| |
| Dobrujan Tatar alphabet | |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Regulated by | Tatar Tílí Tílsîzgasî Şurasî[i] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | dobr1234 |
 Dobrujan Tatar | |
| This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. | |
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Dobrujan Tatar is the Tatar language ofRomania.[2] It includesKipchak dialects,[3][4][5][6][clarification needed] but today there is no longer a sharp distinction between the dialects and it is mostly seen as one language.[7][8] This language belongs to theKipchakTurkic languages, specifically to the Kipchak-Nogai group.[2]
InRomania the language is commonly referred to as Tatar. However, some sources also use other names for it, including Romanian Tatar,[2] Dobrujan Tatar,[2] Danube Tatar, Budjak Tatar,[9] Moldovan-Romanian Tatar,[10] Nogai, Nogai-Tatar, Dobrujan Nogai, Budjak Nogai, Crimean Tatar, Dobrujan Crimean Tatar, Authentic Crimean Tatar and Colloquial Crimean Tatar.
The grammar book byUniversity of Bucharest identifies the following dialects:[11]
Some sources define the dialects according to their level of influence byOghuz languages.[2][12]
Tatar spoken in Romania has two distinct facets existing, interweaving and forming together the literary Tatar language "edebiy Tatarğa". One of these aspects is the authentic Tatar called "ğalpî Tatarğa" or "ğalpak Tatarğa" and the other is the academic Tatar language called "muwallímatça".[8]
Naturalization is shifting the spelling of academic speech sounds to authentic sounds following the patterns below, where a greater-than sign indicates that one sound changes to another.[8]
f > p
v > w
v > b
ç > ş
ç > j
h > (skip over)
h > k
h > y
h > w
There is a total of 10 letters used to represent determinant sounds of which 9 mark authentic determinant sounds: a, e, i, î, í, o, ó, u, ú while the letter á is used for an academic vowel. The writing system registers authentic consonants with 17 letters:b, ç, d, g, ğ, j, k, l, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, ş, t, z and has three signs standing for the academic consonants: f, h, v. There are also two authentic semivowels: y, w. An old authentic Turkic consonant, the sound /ç/ represented by the letter⟨Ç⟩ is rarely heard because authentic speakers of Tatar spoken in Dobruja spell it /ş/ as letter⟨Ş⟩. As the written language most often follows the spoken language shifting ⟨Ç⟩ to ⟨Ş⟩, the result is that in Tatar spoken in Romania letter ⟨Ç⟩ and sound /ç/ are often treated as academic.[8]
The Dobrujan Tatar language did get a Latin alphabet in 1956,[2] it was established as a section inUniversity of Bucharest the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures in 1957 and also in 1977 it was disbanded.[13] Most of the teachers who taught at theTatar language department graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology ofKazan State University (located inTatarstan,Russia), specializing in Tatar language and literature.[13] In the communist period, Tatar books were brought from theUSSR to teach the Tatar language inRomania, but it failed. Nowadays the Tatar language is taught in some Romanian schools using Tatar language books.[2][14]
There are some Tatar magazines in Romania, as well as novels, dictionaries, poetry books, school books and science books.[15][16][2][14] Some of the dictionaries are printed by the help ofUDTTMR.[17] Tatar learning rubrics called "Tatarşa üyrenemĭz" (Romanian:Învățăm tătărește; "We learn Tatar") and the TV show "Romanya'dan Tatarlar" (Romanian:Tătarii din România; "Tatars from Romania") were also broadcast on Romanian television.[18][19] However, the language is not supported in language keyboards or in language codes.
TheGovernment of Romania recognises the Tatar community. Fifth of May is the official Tatar Language Day in Romania.[20]
Nilghuin Ismail describes the situation: "Nowadays the Romanian Tatar language is preserved only as spoken language. Even so in accordance with the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, in the Recommendation 1201 (1993), on an additional protocol on the rights of national minorities, is stipulated: Every person belonging to a national minority shall have theright to freely use his/her mother tongue in private and in public, both orally and inwriting. This right shall also apply to the use of his/her language in publications andin the audiovisual sector. Despite all these recommendations, in Romania we still do not have literary Tatar language."[2]
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