Dehradun district | |
|---|---|
    .jpg) .jpg) Clockwise from top:Ganga inRishikesh, War memorial inIndian Military Academy, Valley nearNag Tibba,Bandarpunch from Lal Tibba,Mahasu Devta Temple in Hanol,Forest Research Institute | |
.svg) Location in Uttarakhand | |
 Dehradun district | |
| Coordinates:30°23′N77°58′E / 30.38°N 77.97°E /30.38; 77.97 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttarakhand |
| Division | Garhwal |
| Headquarters | Dehradun |
| Government | |
| • District Magistrate | Dr. R. Rajesh Kumar,IAS |
| • SSP | Janmaijai Prabhakar Kailash,IPS |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,088 km2 (1,192 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 1,696,694 |
| • Density | 550/km2 (1,400/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi,Garhwali |
| • Native | Garhwali,Jaunsari |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | UK 07 |
| Website | dehradun |
Dehradun district (Hindi:[d̪eːɦɾaːd̪uːn]ⓘ) is a district inGarhwal which is a part ofUttarakhand state in northernIndia. The district headquarters isDehradun, which has also served as the interim capital of Uttarakhand since its founding in 2000. The district has 6tehsils, 6 community development blocks, 17 towns and 764 inhabited villages, and 18 unpopulated villages. As of 2011, it is the second most populous district of Uttarakhand (out of13), afterHaridwar.[1] Dehradun district also includes the prominent towns ofRishikesh,Mussoorie,Landour andChakrata. The district stretches from theGanges river in the east to theYamuna river in the west, and from theTerai andShivaliks in the south and southeast to theGreat Himalaya in the northwest. During the days ofBritish Raj, the official name of the district wasDehra Dun.[2] In 1842, Dun was attached to Saharanpur district and placed under an officer subordinate to the Collector of the district but since 1871 it is being administered as separate district.
Dehradun is located 230 km from the national capital,Delhi. The NationalOil and Natural Gas Corporation,Survey of India, and many educational institutions likeDoon University, Uttrakhand Technical Institute, Indian Institute of Petroleum, Uttaranchal University,Forest Research Institute,Wildlife Institute of India,Rashtriya Indian Military College andIndian Military Academy are also situated here.Basmati rice, tea and litchi orchards are some of the major agricultural crops.
The region was seized as a war spoil from the Maharaja ofTehri-Garhwal as a consequence of theGurkha War of 1814–16, and attached administratively toSaharanpur District to its immediate south, which was already in British hands.
Dehradun includes variousPuranic stories and cultures. It is mentioned in theRamayana that LordRama, along with brotherLakshmana, came to the area after defeatingRavana, theRakshasa king ofLanka. The area is also linked toDronacharya, the guru of theKauravas andPandavas in theMahabharata. The area ofRishikesh is mentioned in theSkanda Purana as having been given torishis (sages) by LordVishnu after killing theasuras Madhu-Kaitabha and their companions who tormented the rishis. Ancient temples, statues and archaeological remains have been found at the sites in and around the area that are mentioned in the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. These remains have been dated to be approximately 2000 years old.
The location of the area, the ancient traditions and customs still followed here, folk songs coming down from generations, and their contemporaneous literature point to the fact that the area witnessed various events during the periods of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The Pandavas held influence over the region after the battle of the Mahabharata and the area was ruled by the descendants ofSubahu as administrators under theKuru Kingdom atHastinapura. The discovery ofAshokan edicts at Kalsi near Dehradun show that the area was quite prosperous.Huen Tsang also observed Kalsi asSudhanagara in the 7th century AD. Archaeological remains from the time of Raja Rasal have been found at Haripur nearKalsi.
The area was attacked byMahmud Ghaznavi,Timur in 1368. Guru Ram Rai, the errant eldest son of the seventh Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Har Rai, established his 'Dera' (camp) in the DunDoon Valley around 1676 and the town that grew around this 'Dera' has come to be known as 'Dehradun'. He founded his own Udasi Panth (sect) and received support from Aurangzeb.Rohilla chieftainNajib ad-Dawlah in 1757 andGhulam Kadir in 1785. This kept the area in disarray till 1801. The British captured the area in 1816 and founded the cities ofLandour andMussourie in 1827–28. The district was added to theGarhwal division in the 1970s. It was established as the capital ofUttarakhand after the establishment of the state as Uttaranchal in the year 2000.
This State Founded in the mid-15th century by Chaudhary Phoda Singh and Lal Karan Singh, members of theChokar family of HinduGurjars, the state remained under the rule of this dynasty until its eventual annexation.[3][4] In 1548, two prominent ChhokarGoojur (Gurjar)chieftains, Phoda Singh and Lal Karan, from theTitron region inSaharanpur district, crossed theSivalik hills, conquered the entire Dehradun area, and established theTimli state. They also founded a town namedTimli.[5][6] Bhagwan Singh was the majestic king of theChhokar family of Timli. He had the status of a magistrate and he used to fix the prices of agricultural products of north india[7] When theBritish Raj entered this area under the Arazi-i-Bandobasti land settlement, they took control of the area aroundDehradun, while the rest of the state remained under local rule. By 1830,Bhagwan Singh was the king of Timli state. His only descendant, a daughter namedSatyaditi, became the ruler after him.[8][9]
Raja Ranjit Singh Khatana ofSamthar state, born in 1943, was married at a young age to a princess from the Chhokar Gurjar family, which ruled Timli state inDehradun.[10][11]
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 177,465 | — |
| 1911 | 204,534 | +1.43% |
| 1921 | 211,877 | +0.35% |
| 1931 | 229,850 | +0.82% |
| 1941 | 265,786 | +1.46% |
| 1951 | 361,689 | +3.13% |
| 1961 | 429,014 | +1.72% |
| 1971 | 577,306 | +3.01% |
| 1981 | 761,668 | +2.81% |
| 1991 | 1,025,679 | +3.02% |
| 2001 | 1,282,143 | +2.26% |
| 2011 | 1,696,694 | +2.84% |
| source:[12] | ||
[needs update]As of the2011 Census of India, Dehradun district has highest population (1,698,560) in Uttarakhand.[1] The Decadal growth rate has jumped up from 25% (1991–2001) to 32.48% (2001–2011). This is the third highest in Uttarakhand after Haridwar (33.16%) and Udham Singh Nagar (33.40%). The district has a gender ratio of 902 as against a state average of 963. This has however improved from 887 in the 2001 census. The population density is 550, again the 3rd highest after Haridwar(817) and Udham Singh Nagar (648). The state average is 189. The literacy rate is the highest in the state at 85.24% (90.32 for males, 79.61 for females)[14]
According to the2011 census Dehradun district has apopulation of 1,698,560,[1] roughly equal to the nation ofGuinea-Bissau[15] or the US state ofIdaho.[16] This gives it a ranking of 290th in India (out of a total of640).[1] The district has a population density of 550 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,400/sq mi).[1] Itspopulation growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 32.48%.[1] Dehradun has asex ratio of 902females for every 1000 males,[1] and aliteracy rate of 85.24%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 13.48% and 6.57% of the population respectively.[1]
At the 2011 census, 60% of the district's population identified their first language asHindi, 17% reported being speakers ofGarhwali, 7.4% opted forJaunsari, 3.8% choseUrdu, 3.4% –Punjabi, 3.3% –Nepali, 1.1% –Kumaoni, 0.87% –Bhojpuri, 0.58% –Tibetan, and 0.55% –Bengali.[17]
| Dehradun district: mother-tongue of population, according to the2011 Indian Census.[17] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mother tongue code | Mother tongue | People | Percentage |
| 002007 | Bengali | 9,258 | 0.5% |
| 004001 | Dogri | 1,549 | 0.1% |
| 005018 | Gujarati | 1,481 | 0.1% |
| 006102 | Bhojpuri | 14,805 | 0.9% |
| 006195 | Garhwali | 285,563 | 16.8% |
| 006240 | Hindi | 1,014,363 | 59.8% |
| 006265 | Jaunpuri/Jaunsari | 126,098 | 7.4% |
| 006340 | Kumauni | 18,597 | 1.1% |
| 006439 | Pahari | 5,199 | 0.3% |
| 006489 | Rajasthani | 1,113 | 0.1% |
| 010008 | Maithili | 1,804 | 0.1% |
| 010011 | Purbi Maithili | 988 | 0.1% |
| 011016 | Malayalam | 1,217 | 0.1% |
| 013071 | Marathi | 2,747 | 0.2% |
| 014011 | Nepali | 56,281 | 3.3% |
| 015043 | Odia | 1,313 | 0.1% |
| 016038 | Punjabi | 56,927 | 3.4% |
| 020027 | Tamil | 1,062 | 0.1% |
| 021046 | Telugu | 1,230 | 0.1% |
| 022015 | Urdu | 64,762 | 3.8% |
| 029002 | Balti | 1,168 | 0.1% |
| 115008 | Tibetan | 9,892 | 0.6% |
| – | Others | 19,277 | 1.1% |
| Total | 1,696,694 | 100.0% | |
| Dehradun | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1.Dehradun
1.Doiwala
2. Selakui
3.Chakrata
6.Sahaspur
7. Harrawala
Dehradun district is a part ofGarhwal region, therefore local culture has been dominant in the district over the past decade. Apart from Garhwali, other languages spoken in the region are Jaunsari, Hindi and English. Blue buses (privately owned and operated) in addition to 3 wheelers are the main mode of transport in the city. Dehradun finds itself split across two central electoral constituencies- Tehri Garhwal (including Mussoorie) and Pauri Garhwal (including Haridwar, Rishikesh).
Guinea-Bissau 1,596,677 July 2011 est.
Idaho 1,567,582
Places adjacent to Dehradun district | |
|---|---|
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
