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TheCrimean Tatar language consists of three dialects. The standard language is written in the middle dialect (bağçasaray, orta yolaq), which is part of the Kipchak-Cuman sub-branch. There is also the southern dialect, also known as the coastal dialect (yalıboyu, cenübiy), which is in theOghuz sub-branch, and the northern dialect, also known as nogai dialect (noğay, çöl, şimaliy), which is in the Kipchak-Nogai sub-branch.
Crimean Tatar has a unique position among theTurkic languages, because its three "dialects" belong to three different (sub)groups of Turkic.[citation needed] This makes the classification of Crimean Tatar as a whole difficult.
The middle dialect is spoken in theCrimean Mountains by the sedentaryTat Tatars (should not be confused with theTat people which speak anIranic language). Because its speakers comprise a relative majority of Crimean Tatar speakers, the written language is based on the middle dialect.
Standard Crimean Tatar and its middle dialect are classified as a language of the Cuman (Russian:кыпчакско-половецкая) subgroup of theKipchak languages and the closest relatives areKarachay-Balkar,Karaim,Krymchak,Kumyk,Urum and extinctCuman. The middle dialect, although thought to be of Kipchak-Cuman origin, combines elements of both Cuman and Oghuz languages.
The Cuman language arrived in Crimea with the first Turkic invasions of Crimea byCumans andPechenegs in the 11th Century. The Cuman language as it developed in Crimea is thought to have been the lingua franca of theCrimean Khanate.
The southern or coastal dialects is spoken byYalıboylu ("coastal dwellers") who have traditionally lived on the southern coast of the Crimea. Their dialects belong to theOghuz group of the Turkic languages which includesTurkish,Azeri andTurkmen. This dialect is most heavily influenced by Turkish and shares much of the vocabulary.[1][page needed]
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TheNorthern, Nogai orDesert dialect (noğay, çöl, şimaliy) is spoken byCrimean Tatars inRomania,Bulgaria,Turkey and other countries. It hasNogai influence and even there are people who say that this dialect is part ofNogai language[2][self-published source] and related toKazakh,Karakalpak, andNogai proper. This dialect was spoken by former nomadic inhabitants of the Crimean (Nogay) steppe. It is thought that the Nogays of the Crimea and the Nogais of the Caucasus and Volga are of common origin from theNogai Horde, which is reflected in their common name and very closely related languages. In the past some speakers of this dialects also called themselvesQıpçaq (that isCumans).
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