Avision disorder is an impairment of the sense ofvision.
Vision disorder is not the same as aneye disease. Although many vision disorders do have their immediate cause in the eye, there are many other causes that may occur at other locations in the optic pathway.
There are many eye conditions that can lead to vision disorder. Some of which are as follows:
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD): ARMD is a retinal degeneration disease specifically associated withmacula blood vessels, which can result in central vision impairment. It is strongly linked to advancing age, as well as European ancestry.[2]
Bulging eyes: where the eye (one or both) protrudes or distends out of its orbit. Left untreated, bulging eyes may lead to eye dryness, pain and vision loss[3]
Diabetic Macular Edema (DME): is an eye disease specifically related todiabetes, occurring due to fluid build-up in theretina as a result of sustained highblood glucose levels. It can result in blurred vision and vision loss.[5]
Eye floaters and spots: where visible cloud-like images appear to "float" in an individual's field of vision.[6] Floaters and spots are most commonly related to ageing. They are generally harmless and do not cause blindness[7]
Eye flashing: characterised by bursts or streaks of light that appear in an individual's field of vision. As eye flashing may indicate impendingretinal detachment, medical attention is required.[8]
Eyelid twitching: where the eyelid muscles contract in an irregular or abnormal pattern. Such movements can cause irritation and fatigue to the eyes.[9]
Glaucoma: occurs when theoptic nerve is damaged and can result in irreversible vision loss, with the potential to pass undetected until this damage occurs. It is caused whenaqueous humour fails to adequately drain from the eye, resulting in pressure build-up.[10]
Keratoconus: vision problems can be caused when thecornea thins and distorts into a conical shape. While the cause is unknown, Keratoconus is believed to becongenital, and can be exacerbated by allergies and eye rubbing.[11]
Strabismus: where the muscular or neural control of gaze direction fails to align the eyes to a shared locus of visual attention, sometimes leading todouble vision
Uveitis: where the uveal (middle) layer of the eye is inflamed. Uveitis requires medical intervention as it can lead toblurry vision, eye pain,eye floaters, eye redness and vision loss[12][13]
It was estimated by theWHO in 2004 that 314 million people worldwide are vision impaired (from all causes), of whom 45 million are blind.[14] Vision disorders are not often targeted by public health initiatives, as mortality causes take priority.[15] However, they can have significant impact on a person's quality of life, affecting performance at school and the workplace if not corrected.
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