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Childir Eyalet

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Administrative division of the Ottoman Empire from 1578 to 1845
Eyālet-i Čildir
Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire
1578–1845

The Childir Eyalet in 1609
CapitalÇıldır 1578–1628;
Ahıska 1628-1829
Oltu 1829-1845
History 
• Battle of Çıldır
1578
• Disestablished
1845
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Principality of Guria
Principality of Meskheti
Trabzon Eyalet
Kars Eyalet
Tiflis Governorate
Today part ofGeorgia
Turkey

TheEyalet of Childir[1] (Ottoman Turkish:ایالت چلدر,romanized: Eyālet-i Çıldır)[2] orAkhalzik[3][nb 1] was aneyalet of the Ottoman Empire in the Southwestern Caucasus. The area of the former Çıldır Eyalet is now divided betweenSamtskhe-Javakheti and theAutonomous Republic of Adjara inGeorgia and provinces ofArtvin,Ardahan andErzurum inTurkey. The administrative center wasÇıldır between 1578 and 1628,Ahıska between 1628 and 1829, andOltu between 1829 and 1845.

History

[edit]

Samtskhe was the only Georgian principality to permanently become an Ottoman province (as the eyalet of Cildir).[4] In the eighty years after theBattle of Zivin, the region was gradually absorbed into the empire.[4]

The Ottomans took theAhıska region from the Principality of Meskheti, a vassal state ofSafavid dynasty. In 1578, when the new province was established, they appointed the former Georgian prince,Minuchir (who took the name ofMustafa after converting to Islam) as the first governor.[5] This eyalet expanded after taking theAdjara region from thePrincipality of Guria in 1582. From 1625 onwards the entire eyalet was a hereditary possession of the now-MuslimJaqeliatabegs of Samtskhe,[4] which administered it as hereditary governors, with some exceptions, until the mid-18th century.[5] After 1639, the Jaqeli Pashas of Childir were charged with reining in thekings of Imereti.[6]

During theRusso-Turkish War (1828–1829), Russians occupied much of the province. The administrative centre was moved fromAkhaltsikhe, which was ceded to Russia, toOltu.[citation needed]

By theTreaty of Adrianople, much of the pashalik was ceded to Russia, and became part of the RussianAkhalzik uezd (district) ofKutaisi Governorate.[3] The remaining, smaller inner part was united with theeyalet of Kars (later part of Eyalet of Erzurum) in 1845 and its coastal areas were united withTrabzon Eyalet in 1829.[7]

Governors

[edit]
  • 1579 - 1582:Manuchar II Jaqeli (Mustafa Pasha)
  • 1582 - 1585: Hüsrev Pasha
  • 1585 - c.1596: Ahmed Pasha
  • c.1596 - 1603: Hızır Pasha
  • 1603 - 1614: Karakash Ahmed Pasha
  • 1614 - 1625:Manuchar III Jaqeli (son of Manuchar II)
  • 1625 - 1635:Beka III Jaqeli (Sefer Pasha, brother of Manuchar II)
  • 1635 - 1647:Yusuf Pasha (son of Sefer Pasha)
  • 1647 - 1659: Rüstem Pasha (son of Yusuf Pasha)
  • 1659 - 1679: Arslan Mehmed Pasha (son of Yusuf Pasha)
  • 1679 - 1690: Yusuf II (son of Arslan)
  • 1690 - 1701: Selim Pasha (son of Arslan)
  • 1701 - 1722: Ishak Pasha (son of Yusuf II)
  • 1722 - 1725: Şehsuvarzade Mehmed Pasha
  • 1725 - 1732: Ishak Pasha (again)
  • 1732 - 1744: Yusuf III (son of Ishak)
  • 1744 - 1748: Ishak Pasha (again)
  • 1748 - 1759: Haji Ahmed Pasha (son of Ishak)
  • 29 December 1759 - 24 January 1761: Vezir Ibrahim Pasha
  • 25 January 1761 - 9 March 1767: Hasan Pasha (son of Yusuf III)
  • 10 March 1767 - 27 October 1767: Silahdar İbrahim Bey
  • 28 October 1767 - 24 June 1770: Vezir Seyyid Numan Pasha
  • 25 June 1770 - 4 January 1771: Vezir Mehmed Pasha
  • 5 January 1771 - 18 January 1790: Suleyman Pasha (grandson of Ishak Pasha)
  • 9 April 1791 - 10 August 1792: Ishak II, who oversaw the completion of theIshak Pasha Palace[8] (son of Hasan Pasha)
  • 11 August 1792 - 21 July 1796: Mehmed Şerif Pasha (son of Suleyman Pasha)
  • 22 July 1796 - 13 January 1797:Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha
  • 14 January 1797 – 1801: Mehmet Sabit Pasha (son of Hasan Pasha)
  • 1801 - 1 November 1802: Mehmed Şerif Pasha (again)
  • 1802 - 1809:Selim Khimshiashvili (Selim Pasha)
  • 1810 - 1811: Mehmed Şerif Pasha (again)
  • 1811 - June 1815: Selim Pasha (again)
  • 3 September 1816 - 25 April 1818: Lütfullah Pasha
  • 26 April 1818 - March 1821:Benderli Ali Pasha
  • March 1821 - April 1824: Seyyid Ahmed Pasha
  • April 1824 - 14 February 1825: Haji Salih Pasha
  • 15 February 1825 – 1829: Kadirzade Osman Pasha

Administrative divisions

[edit]

Sanjaks of the Eyalet in the 17th century:[9]

  1. Sanjak ofOulti (Oltu)
  2. Sanjak ofHarbus
  3. Sanjak ofArdinj (Ardanuç)
  4. Sanjak ofHajrek (Hanak)
  5. Sanjak ofGreat Ardehan
  6. Sanjak ofPostkhu
  7. Sanjak ofMahjil (Macahel)
  8. Sanjak ofIjareh-penbek
  • Hereditary sanjaks:
  1. Sanjak ofPurtekrek (Yusufeli)
  2. Sanjak ofLawaneh (Livane/Artvin)
  3. Sanjak ofNusuf Awan
  4. Sanjak ofShushad (Şavşat)

Sanjaks of Childir Eyalet in 1682-1702[10]

  1. Sanjak ofNısf-ı Livâne andPertekrek
  2. Sanjak ofOltı
  3. Sanjak ofArdanuc
  4. Sanjak ofŞavşad
  5. Sanjak ofPertekrek
  6. Sanjak ofGreat Ardahan
  7. Sanjak ofNısf-ı Livâne
  8. Sanjak ofMahcil
  9. Sanjak ofPetek
  10. Sanjak of UpperAdjara
  11. Sanjak of LowerAdjara
  12. Sanjak ofEmir Hoy
  13. Sanjak of Astere
  14. Sanjak ofPosthov
  15. Sanjak ofHartus
  16. Sanjak ofAltun Kale
  17. Sanjak ofAstıha
  18. Sanjak ofÇıldır
  19. Sanjak ofAhalkelek
  20. Sanjak ofKeskim
  21. Sanjak ofHacerek
  22. Sanjak ofAdjara

Sanjaks between 1721 and 1740:[10]

  1. Sanjak ofNısf-ı Livâne andPertekrek
  2. Sanjak ofOltı
  3. Sanjak ofŞavşad
  4. Sanjak ofPertekrek
  5. Sanjak ofGreat Ardahan
  6. Sanjak ofMahcil
  7. Sanjak of UpperAdjara
  8. Sanjak ofEmir Hoy
  9. Sanjak ofPosthov
  10. Sanjak ofHartus
  11. Sanjak ofAltun Kale
  12. Sanjak ofAstıha
  13. Sanjak ofMamervan
  14. Sanjak ofÇıldır
  15. Sanjak ofAhalkelek

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Other variants of this name includeAkalzike (fromMalthe Conrad Bruun (1822).Universal geography, or A description of all the parts of the world. p. 121. Retrieved2013-06-02.)

References

[edit]
  1. ^Society for the diffusion of useful knowledge (1843).The penny cyclopædia [ed. by G. Long]. p. 180. Retrieved2013-06-01.
  2. ^"Some Provinces of the Ottoman Empire". Geonames.de. Archived fromthe original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved25 February 2013.
  3. ^abThe Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Charles Knight. 1838. p. 174. Retrieved2013-06-02.
  4. ^abcD. E. Pitcher (1972).An Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire: From Earliest Times to the End of the Sixteenth Century. Brill Archive. p. 140. GGKEY:4CFA3RCNXRP. Retrieved2013-06-01.
  5. ^abGábor Ágoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2009-01-01).Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Infobase Publishing. p. 141.ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7. Retrieved2013-06-01.
  6. ^Armani, Henry John (1970)."THE RUSSIAN ANNEXATION OF THE KINGDOM OF IMERETIA, 1800-1815: IN THE LIGHT OF RUSSO-OTTOMAN RELATIONS".ProQuest. p. 20. Retrieved2024-04-09.
  7. ^The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. C. Knight. 1843. p. 393. Retrieved2013-06-01.
  8. ^OVER 50,000 PEOPLE VISIT ISHAK PASHA PALACE IN EASTERN TURKEY
  9. ^Evliya Çelebi; Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall (1834).Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa in the Seventeenth Century. Oriental Translation Fund. p. 95. Retrieved2013-06-01.
  10. ^abKılıç, Orhan (1997).18. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Devleti'nin İdari Taksimatı-Eyalet ve Sancak Tevcihatı / In the First half of the 18th Century Administrative Divisions of the Ottoman Empire-Shire and Sanjak Assignments (in Turkish). Elazığ: Şark Pazarlama. p. 66.ISBN 9759630907.
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