From top to bottom, left to right: Panorama of Chambéry withBelledonne mountain range at the background, place St-Léger in the old town, the castle of theDukes of Savoy, panoramic sight on the roofs of the Chambéry historical center, the Place du Centenaire andChambéry Courthouse.
The population of thecommune of Chambéry was 60,251 as of 2022, while the population of the Chambéry metropolitan area was 263,919.[3] The city is located at the foot of theFrench Alps betweenBauges andChartreuse mountains, and is a railway and highway crossroads.
It has been the historical capital of theSavoy region since the 13th century, whenAmadeus V, Count of Savoy, made the city his seat of power. Theannexation of Savoy merged the city to France in 1860. Together with other alpine towns Chambéry engages in theAlpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Chambéry was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2006.
Chambéry was founded at a crossroads of ancient routes through theDauphiné (Dôfenâ) region of France, Switzerland, and Italy, in a wide valley between the Bauges and theChartreuse Mountains on theLeysse River. The metropolitan area has more than 125,000 residents, extending from the vineyard slopes of thefr:Combe de Savoie almost to the shores of theLac du Bourget, the largest natural lake in France. The city is a major railway hub at the midpoint of the Franco-ItalianTurin–Lyon high-speed railway (TGV).
Chambéry is situated in southeast France, 523 kilometres (325 miles) from Paris, 326 kilometres (203 miles) fromMarseille, 214 km (133 mi) fromTurin, 100 kilometres (62 miles) fromLyon and 85 kilometres (53 miles) fromGeneva. It is found in a large valley, surrounded by theMassif des Bauges to the east (dominated by Le Nivolet, upon which La Croix du Nivolet is found),Mont Granier (Chartreuse) and theChaîne de Belledonne to the south, theChaîne de l'Épine (the most southern mountain of the Jura) to the west and theLac du Bourget to the north. If seen as the meeting point of the Jura and the Alps, it is the westernmost point of theSwiss plateau which lies between them.
France annexed the regions that formerly constituted theDuchy of Savoy west of the Alps in 1792; however, the former duchy and Chambéry were returned to the rulers of the House of Savoy in Turin in 1815 following the defeat ofNapoleon Bonaparte. The need for urban revitalization was met by the establishment of theSociété Académique de Savoie in 1820, which was devoted to material and ethical progress, now housed in an apartment of the ducalchâteau. Chambéry and lands of the former duchy, as well as theCounty of Nice, were ceded to France byPiedmont in 1860, under the reign ofNapoleon III.[7] TheHôtel de Ville was officially opened in 1867.[8]
Chambéry is right on the boundary between thehumid subtropical (Cfa) andoceanic climates (Cfb) under theKöppen system. In spite of this it is highly influenced by its interior position within France, resulting in quite hot summers and winters with frequent temperatures below freezing, especially at night.Convective rainfall is frequent for much of the year, rendering high precipitation/day quotas.
The first counts of Savoy settled into an existing fortress in 1285 and expanded it in the early-14th century to serve as a residence, seat of power and administration, and as stronghold for the House of Savoy. However, it quickly became obsolete as a serious fortification genuinely capable of resisting a siege. Due to constant French hostilities, DukeEmmanuel Philibert decided to move his capital to Turin.
UnderNapoleon Bonaparte, theAile du Midi ("South Wing") was rebuilt and redecorated to house the imperial prefecture of thedepartment of Mont-Blanc. Elaborate modification to the structure were made again after Savoy was annexed by France in 1860.
Today, the political administration of the department of Savoie is located in the castle, and it is open for tours and concerts.
The most famous landmark in Chambéry: theElephants Fountain.
TheFontaine des Éléphants ("Elephants Fountain") is the most famous landmark in Chambéry. It was built in 1838 to honourBenoît de Boigne's feats when he was in India. The monumental fountain has realistic sculptures of the head and forelimbs of four lifesize elephants truncated into the base of a tall column in the shape of thesavoyan (savoyarde) cross, topped by a statue of de Boigne. At first, the landmark was mocked by the local residents who were annoyed by it, but it now is accepted as one of the city's symbols.
Since the early controversy, the statue kept its nickname ofles quatre sans culs, ("the four without arses", which sounds in French similar to the title of the best-known movie bynouvelle vague directorFrançois Truffaut:Les quatre cents coups, "The 400 Blows"). A total restoration was done between December 2014 and July 2015.[10]
The CistercianAbbey of Hautecombe, founded in 1135, is one of the burial places of the rulers of the House of Savoy. SaintFrancis de Sales officiated at Notre-Dame de Myans (established before the 12th century). Francis I of France went to Notre-Dame de l'Aumône atRumilly in the 13th century as a pilgrim. TheSisters of St Joseph, an order founded at Chambéry in 1812, devotes itself to teaching and charitable work, and today, its members are now spread worldwide.
Thecathedral of Saint Francis of Sales in Chambéry presents one of the best examples of Savoyardtrompe-l’oeil paintings and the largest in Europe. It also houses an organ listed as a historic monument, as well as an identical replica of theHoly Shroud gifted by the Archbishop ofTurin.[11] The original had resided in the ducal chapel in Chambéry between 1466 and 1578.
TheSavoy Mont Blanc University (a.k.a. Chambéry University) is a university founded in 1979 with onecampus inAnnecy and two around Chambéry. It has about 15,000 students.
Chambéry has a campus of theArts et Métiers ParisTech (ENSAM) engineering graduate school, which created a research institute in 1994 there. It offers doctoral and master programs in the field of mechanical and industrial engineering.
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François de Candie (ca.1314–1360), 1st Viscount of Geneva, nobleman and military commander of the Royal Guard of Savoy, Lord of the Chateau of Rumilly, and Salagine.
^"Felix (Popes)" .Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 238–239, see para 5.Felix V., the name taken by Amadeus (1383–1451), duke of Savoy.....
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